1963

This page relates to the year 1963 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • January 2nd: The the United States propose to extend to France the Accords of Nassau.
  • January 14th: The general de Gaulle refuses the creation of a multilateral nuclear force suggested by the United States.
  • January 22nd: Treated of the Elysium, at the base of the Franco-German Friendship.
  • July 29th: Rejection by the France of the treaty of Moscow on the nuclear tests.
  • July 31st: Rejection by the China of the treaty of Moscow.
  • August 5th: Treaty of Moscow between the USSR, the United States and the United Kingdom, follow-ups of 99 powers, prohibiting all the nuclear tests in the atmosphere, space or under the sea except for the underground testing.
  • August 31st: Installation of the “hot Line” between the White House and the the Kremlin.

Europe

  • the Spain is allowed with GATT.

France

See also: 1963 in France

Italy

  • April 28th: Elections policy. The Christian Democrat loses ground (38,3% of the voices instead of 42,4%) while NCV passes from 22,7% in 1958 to 25,3%. PSI obtains 13,8% of the voices.
  • June 21st: Resignation of Fanfani. Invited to form a government with socialist participation, Aldo Moro gives up because of the dissensions which appear within the central committee of the PS. It is replaced by Giovanni Leone, which ensures the transition by a homogeneous government cd..
  • December 4th: The president of the council Giovanni Leone resigns to allow the formation by Aldo Moro of a government of center left which the Socialists agree to enter. Pietro Nenni is vice-president of the Council. The left of PSI carried out by Lelio Basso and Vittorio Foa refuses collaboration with cd. and creates the Italian socialist party of proletarian unit in January 1964 (PSIUP). The line of cd. threatens to refuse the nomination with the Moro government. The Osservatore romano , body of the Vatican, warns the leaders against any scission of the party Christian-Democrat. The unit is seemingly maintained, but cd. is actually divided into nine antagonistic tendencies.

  • First offensive anti Maffia.

  • the arrival of the Socialists to the government causes the capital flight of the middle-class towards the Suisse, which involves a serious balance of payments deficit of 1961 to 1972.
  • 51  817  000 million inhabitants.
  • GNP is of 23  669 billion liras, is 138% of the 17  114 billion 1958.

Eastern Europe

  • February: The Rumanian person in charge of planning refuses the economic integration which is proposed to him by the the Comecon, which assigns with the Romania a primarily agricultural role within the framework of the socialist division of work.
  • Mars: Reopening of the Rumanian embassy of Tirana.
  • April 7th: Second Yugoslav Constitution which extends the prerogatives of the republics and the autonomous provinces and changes the name of the country into socialist Federal republic of Yugoslavia. The marshal Tito becomes life president.

  • the Czechoslovakian Communists with the capacity are constrained to undertake the destalinization of the country because of serious economic difficulties. The victims of the purgings of 1952 are rehabilitated and Mgr Josef Beran, archbishop of Prague, is released.

  • general Amnesty of the risen of 1956 in Hungary. Relaxation of the political constraints.

Asia

  • January 2nd, Vietnam: Battle of Ap Bac. First victories of the Việt Cộng.

  • March 28th, Indonesia: The Dekon , economic declaration pronounced by Soekarno inserts an economic program in the general action of the Nasakom : construction of a released democratic nation's economy and of the vestiges of colonialism and imperialism, then construction of a socialist economy whose the exploitation of the man by the man would be banished.
  • Mars: The king Zaher relieves his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan and seizes the power.
  • April: Resumption of the conflicts to the Laos.
  • May 1st: The Dutchmen give up the Western Irian in Indonésiens. The Hollandia capital is renamed Kotabaru (Jayapura).
  • May 17th: The engagements begin again with the Laos between the Communists of the Pathet Lao and the groups uncommitted.
  • May 20th: Soekarno is elected life president in Indonesia.
  • June 14th: Publication of the “25 points” of Mao Zedong against the line adopted by the Soviet Union.
  • June 11th: The Vietnamese bonze Thích Quảng Đức immole with Saigon, to protest against Buddhist persecutions anti of the mode of Ngô Dinh Diêm.
  • June, Vietnam: Revolt Buddhist (demonstrations, immolations by fire).
  • September 16th: Widening of the federation of Malaysia to Singapore, Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei in order to avoid a seizure of the Communists on Singapore. The new federation runs up against the hostility of the Filipino , which had sights on the Sabah and with that of the president indonésien Soekarno, who estimates that Borneo belonged to the territory indonésien. Until 1966, the army indonésienne badgers the federation, obliging the British army to give an opinion with the Sarawak.
  • September 21st: Frontier tensions between the the USSR and the China.
  • November 1st, Vietnam: Ngô Đình Diệm is reversed by a military plot without the Americans intervening.
  • November 2nd: The deposed president of the Vietnam Ngô Đình Diệm and its brother Ngo Dinh Nhu are assassinated.
  • November 15th: Park Chung-Hee, elected of accuracy in October, is invested president in South Korea. He sets up important economic reforms, in particular the first five-year plan which marks the beginning of the economic takeoff of the country.
  • November 20th: The Kampuchea gives up the American assistance and reaffirms its neutrality.
  • November: 16  000 American military advisers with Saigon.
  • February 1st, India: Creation of the Nagaland to put an end to the guerilla separatist.
  • December 9th, Thailand: Thanom Kittikachorn becomes Prime Minister with dead of Sarit Dhanarajata. It must face a movement of communist guerilla in North.

  • Beginning of the reign of Palden Thondup Namgyal, Chogyal (maharaja) of the Sikkim (fine in 1982).

  • Indonesia: The economic decline continues. The army and the Communists (PKI) becoming more powerful, the tension increases between the two groups. Foundation of a national company, Pertamina, to assume the interior circuit of the oil products.

The Middle East

  • January, Iran: Referendum on the white Revolution installation by the shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to modernize the country.
  • February 8th: In Iraq first coup d'etat baassist organized by the general Bakr. The General Abdul Karim Qasim is reversed and carried out (February 9th). Colonel Abdel Salam Aref returns to the head of the government then of the State. Bakr becomes president of the Council then. Baassist and nationalists then start a pitiless repression against the Communists in answer to the events of 1959.
  • March 8th: The Parti Baath seizes the power in Syria following a military coup d'etat. Salah Bitar becomes chief of the government. He immediately undertakes with the Cairo negotiations with Egypt for a new union (March). Syria requires the political equality with Egypt, which would devote the strong position of the Baath. Nasser is opposed to it because of the five million members of the USA (Baath counts only 10  000 members). The principle of a federal union is finally accepted.
  • June 4th: Riots in Iran. Arrest and exile in Iraq after 8 months of prison of the Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeini, virulent criticism of the project of modernization of the shah.
  • July 18th, Syria: An coup attempt of State of the Arab National movement (pronassérien) fails.
  • July 22nd: After the elimination of the forces pronassériennes in Syria and Iraq, Nasser gives up creating a news United Arab Republic federating the three States.
  • September: With died of Ahmad Hilmi Pasha, Ahmas Al-Shuqayri is named representing Palestine with the Council of the LEA.
  • November 18th: The Parti Baath is again eliminated from the capacity in Iraq and passes by again in clandestinity. The new strong man, Abdel Salam Aref, control surface until its death in April 1966 and follows a policy favorable to the nasserism.
  • December 23rd: Nasser proposes the meeting of a top to the Cairo of all the Arab Heads of State devoted to the Israeli-Arab question. The top decides the creation of a Organization for the release of Palestine (PLO) whose administration is entrusted to Shuqayri.

Africa

  • Civil war with the Sudan opposing the South and the North of the country (fine in 1972).

  • Report/ratio Jeanneney on the co-operation (France).
  • Constitution establishing a republic with the Senegal chaired by Léopold Sédar Senghor.
  • political Purging of the opponents in Ivory Coast (1963 - 1964).

Americas

Canada

  • the minister Québécois Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain makes adopt the law 16 which puts an end to the legal incapacity of the married woman. (Before a married woman could not buy a property without the signature of her husband, could not make a will, etc)

the United States

  • June 11th: Kennedy imposes by the force the admission of two black students on the university of Alabama.

  • June 19th: Project of civic rights addressed to the Congress envisaging prohibition of any discrimination in the public places, employment, schools, electoral rolls.

  • disappointing Results of Alliance for Progress.

  • 4,5 million unemployed.
  • Failure of a draft budget envisaging more than 12 billion dollars deficit, resulting from tax reductions (13,6 billion) with an aim of allowing the revival and the reduction in unemployment.
  • Proposal of Kennedy envisaging the increase in the federal assistance at the universities (voted after its death).

Latin America

  • January 6th: The presidential regime is restored by referendum with the Brésil. The resentment of the army grows, more especially as the economic situation is degraded and that the president João Goulart is unable to stabilize the country. The political life polarizes and the president is based more and more on the left whose audience continues. Its attempt to mobilize the peasants while launching a campaign of unionization proves threatening for the great landowners.

  • March 31st: The president of Guatemala Ydígoras decides to allow the return to the country of Arévalo, deposed president in 1954 and shown Communism, which causes a preventive coup d'etat tolerated by the United States.
  • June 9th: Fernando Belaúnde Terry gains the elections with the Peru. Nationalist and progressist, it negotiates with the American oil company IPC and launches tax reforms and agrarian. The latter disappoints many peasants deprived of grounds. Agitation in the campaigns is worsened by the activities of guerillas (end of mandate in 1968).
  • July 7th: In Argentinian, new presidential elections organized by the soldiers without the Péronistes give victorious the radical Arturo Umberto Illia (the October 12th invests). This one legalizes the party peronist with the hope that it would support it.
  • July 11th: Coup d'etat in Ecuador tolerated by the United States.
  • September 25th: Military coup d'etat in Dominican Republic. The president Juan Bosch is replaced by a Triumvirat which does not hold its promises of return to the democracy and is the subject of attack on behalf of the sectors of the army favorable to the organization of elections and of the return of Bosch (constitutionnalists). The United States is opposed to the coup d'etat.
  • October 3rd: Military coup d'etat to the Honduras. Dictatorship of the general Oswaldo López Arellano (fine in 1971).

  • Brazil: Revolt warrant officers with Brasilia because the Supreme court prohibited to them to have a seat of deputy. The officers come to end from the revolt, but João Goulart refuses to condemn it.

  • Colombia: Creation of FAR ( Fuerza armadas rebeldes ) directed by Jorge Soto.

Oceania

Religion

  • April 11th: Encyclical Pacem in Terris of Jean XXIII, first encyclical addressed “to all the men of good will”: the encyclical condemns the concept of war right and insists: peace is not possible without social justice among the men.
  • June 22nd: Election of the pope Paul VI (Gian Battista Montini) (fine in 1978). It represents the median tendency of the council the Vatican II. It accepts the innovations, but also intends to preserve the bases which ensured the perenniality of Catholicism.

Arts & culture

See also: 1963 with the cinema, 1963 in music, 1963 in literature, 1963 with the theater, 1963 as a cartoon, 1963 on television

Sport

See also: 1963 in sport

See also: 1963 in football

Sciences and technology

See also: 1963 in science

See also: 1963 in aeronautics

See also: 1963 in the railroads

Births in 1963

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

to also see: : Category: Birth in 1963

Death in 1963

January

February

March

April

May

June

August

September

October

November

December

to also see: : Category: Death in 1963

Beats-smg: 1963 Be-X-old: 1963 Cbk-zam: 1963 Map-bms: 1963 Simple: 1963 Zh-yue: 1963 年

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