1958

This page relates to the year 1958 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Europe

Eastern Europe

  • March 27th, Soviet Union: Nikolaï Boulganine is constrained to resign. Nikita Khrouchtchev cumulates the functions of first secretary of the Communist party and chief of the government of the Soviet Union. The collegial direction disappears.
  • March 31st: The Soviet diplomacy announces the provisional stop of the nuclear tests.
  • April 4th: Khrouchtchev announces a unilateral stop of the nuclear tests.
  • April 27th: Enclose Congress of the League of the Yugoslav Communists , which reaffirms the originality of the Yugoslav way towards Communism. The Soviet Union, which refused to take part in it, reacts highly.
  • June: Withdrawal of the Soviet troops stationed in Romania.
  • June 16th: Execution after a secret lawsuit in the USSR of Imre Nagy, former chief of the Hungarian government, the general Maleter and two other chiefs of the insurrection of 1956.
  • June 17th: The Hungarian government announces the execution of Imre Nagy.
  • November 12th, Soviet Union: At a session of the Communist party, Boulganine, Molotov and Malenkov is shown to belong to the “splinter group”.
  • November 27th: Ultimatum of Khrouchtchev which claims a new statute for the town of Berlin and creates important tensions between the East and the West.

  • the Ministers for the eight countries of the Warsaw Pact decide to adhere to the plan Rapacki, proposed by the Polish Foreign Minister in 1957 with UNO. An atom-free zone is established in Europe covering both Allemagnes, Poland and Czechoslovakia. The ministers also propose the signature of an agreement of non-aggression with NATO.

  • Hardening of the policy of Gomulka in Poland.
  • Taken again agricultural collectivization in Romania by the transformation of the co-operatives of 1st type into Kolkhoz.
  • the USSR: Will of decentralization and partial liberalization of agriculture. The supervision of the farms passes from the central administration to thirty-nine district councils. The communities become owners of agricultural machinery (they rented them before at technical stations), while the course to which the State buys cereals is raised.

Western Europe

  • February 24th: Américano-British agreement on the installation of missiles to the the United Kingdom.

  • March 19th: First meeting with Strasbourg of the European Assembly. Robert Schuman is elected president.
  • March 25th: In FRG, the Bundestag authorizes the government to equip the army with nuclear weapons if NATO requires it.
  • May 10th, Portugal: Countryside of the general Humberto Delgado for the presidential election. He promises in an interview, in the event of success, to replace Salazar.
  • May 25th: Political elections in Italy. The Christian Democrat obtains 42,4% of the voices, NCV 22,7%, the socialist party 14,2%.
  • July 1st, Italy: Amintore Fanfani, secretary of cd., forms its second government with the participation of the social democrat .
  • July 13rd: Open letter with Salazar of the bishop of Oporto, Mgr Ferreira Gums. The author there denounces the breaches of liberty of expression, the social injustice, the abuses the exploitation of the empire, and recommends an authentic practical application of the social doctrines of the Church. The bishop, shown Marxism, is exiled in 1959.
  • July 31st: The the United Kingdom and the the Federal Republic of Germany sign an agreement of one ten years duration nuclear cooperation.
  • August 9th: Américo Tomás, president of the Republic of Portugal. Man of Salazar, it is elected thanks to the electoral fraud with the detriment of Humberto Delgado.
  • August 22nd: The the United States and the the United Kingdom propose the suspension of the nuclear tests during one year.
  • September 24th: Memorendum on the directory with three of NATO (the United States, the United Kingdom, France). De Gaulle proposes to the President of the United States Eisenhower and British to the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan the creation of a directory with three within Atlantic Alliance.
  • November 27th: In a note addressed to GDR, the FRG, the France, the Great Britain and the the United States, the Soviet Union request end of the occupation of Berlin and the creation of a demilitarized zone. Reception in Occident east of the more fraiches.
  • December: Foundation of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which gathers the Great Britain, the Austria, the Denmark, the Norway, the Sweden, the Suisse and the Portugal
  • December 7th: Elections with West Berlin and crushing victory of the parties pro-Westerners.
  • racial Riots with London during the summer.
  • With the Portugal, Marcelo Caetano withdraws political life and becomes vice-chancellor of the University of Lisbon.
  • 12% of the Italian families has a television set and a 13% refrigerator. 342  is counted; 000 private cars.

Spain
  • Law of the Principles of the National movement of 1958. It establishes guiding principles of the pro-Franco legal order.
  • the Spain enters the the IMF.
  • Creation of the Frente of liberación popular (catholic progressists).
  • the work's councils are authorized.

Belgium

France

See also: 1958 in France

Swiss

  • April 9th: The patron Oskar Reinhart announces that it bequeaths his collection of painting to the town of Winterthour.

  • April 14th: First with the municipal theater of Basle of “Titus Feuerfuchs”, opera of Heinrich Sutermeister, according to the part of Johann Nestroy.
  • May 3rd: Jack Rollan undertakes a round under a capital with the “Small one maltreated Swiss history”, an imagination in eighteen episodes, played by Charles Apothéloz and his troop of the False-Noses.
  • May 31st: the Theater of Jorat, with Wall, festival its fifty years of existence with the creation of the “Burning bush”, of Géo H. Blanc.
  • June 1st: the citizens of Basle-Countryside approve the initiative asking for the fusion of this demicanton with that of Basle-City.
  • July 17th: opened with Zurich of the SAFFA, second exposure on female work Site
  • October 26th: by 65% of the voices, the Swiss citizens refuse to reduce their working week from 48 to 44 hours.
  • November 3rd: death of the federal adviser Markus Feldmann.
  • December 10th: election with the Federal council of agrarian the Bernese Friedrich Traugott Wahlen.

Africa

  • military Coup d'etat to the Sudan.

  • legislative Elections with the Tanganyika and in Uganda.
  • Autonomisation of the trade unions FO in Abidjan and creation of the CASL-FO (African Confederation of the Free-FO Trade unions).
  • Creation of the Work group for the study of the political problem of the Belgian colonies and first congress of the political parties to the Belgian Congo.
  • 106  600 Europeans listed with the Belgian Congo.
  • Beginning of the production of Oil with the Nigeria.

the Maghreb

  • January 11th: The Pétrole of the the Sahara arrives until Philippeville.
  • January 31st: Vote outline law on Algeria.
  • February 8th: In response with the attacks of FLN starting from the Tunisian territory, French aviation bombards the village of Sakiet Sidi Youssef making many civilian victims. The Tunisian government protests and requires the evacuation of French military bases.
  • February 17th: The the United States propose their good officess in the Algerian business.
  • April 1st: The Spain yields to the Morocco part of the the Spanish Sahara.
  • April 26th: Europeans express with Algiers and invite the army to seize the power.
  • April 30th: The Istiqlal and the Néo-Destour are committed reinforcing supports to them with FLN.
  • May 13rd: Insurrectionary riots in Algiers. The building of the general government in Algiers is invested by the demonstrators. The generals Massu and Salan found a Committee of public hello which requires creation in France of an emergency government. The National Assembly grants her confidence to the government of Pierre Pflimlin.
  • May 14th: The president Rene Coty orders with the army of Algeria to remain under the authority of the government.
  • May 15th: The Salan general calls upon the Général de Gaulle. The de Gaulle general declares himself ready to assume the capacities of the Republic.
  • May 16th: The National Assembly founds the State of emergency. The special capacities in Algeria are renewed.
  • May 24th: Committees of public hello are made up in Corsica at the instigation of envoys of Algiers.
  • June 1st: De Gaulle government which obtains the full powerss for six months.
  • 4 - June 7th: First voyage of the de Gaulle general in Algeria. In front of the crowd at this meeting in Algiers, it launches the sentence “ I included/understood you! ”.
  • June 9th: The general Salan is named acting general of the government in Algeria.
  • June 16th: The general Massu becomes prefect of Algiers.
  • June 17th: Agreement between the French government and Tunisian on the withdrawal of the French troops.
  • June: The Tunisia accepts construction by France of a pipeline connecting the oil reservoir of Edjeleh to the Tunisian port of Skhirra.
  • July 1st: New voyage of De Gaulle in Algeria.
  • July 3rd: De Gaulle contacts the army but refuses to receive the members of the Committee of public hello of Algiers and announces the constitution of a single electoral college as well as the granting of the right to vote to the Moslem women.
  • September 19th: Proclamation with the Cairo of the Provisional government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) under the presidency of Ferhat Abbas. RAU, the Iraq, the Libya, the Yemen, the Tunisia and the Morocco recognize it immediately.
  • October 2nd: Speech of Constantine of the de Gaulle general who announces a plan of social, economic and cultural reforms for Algeria and affirms the existence of a “ narrow solidarity ” between Algeria and France: it is the plan of Constantine, which proposes the industrialization of Algeria thanks to the oil of the the Sahara.
  • October 11th: Ferhat Abbas announces that the provisional government is ready to negotiate the conditions of a cease-fire.
  • October: 800  000 French soldiers are engaged in the Algerian conflict.
  • October 23rd: In a press conference, de Gaulle offers to the FLN “the Paix of the Brave men”. The FLN refuses.

Americas

North America

the United States
  • April 8th: The United States refuses the Soviet application of stop of the nuclear tests.
  • May 12th: Signature of NORAD between the United States and Canada.
  • May 13rd: Incident of Caracas, where the vice-president Richard Nixon lack to be made lapidate.
  • May 24th: Formation in Washington of news agency UPI (United Close International).
  • June: Abolition of the law Mac-Mahon by the American Congress. Resumption of the nuclear cooperation between the United States and Great Britain.
  • July 29th: Creation of NASA.
  • August:
    • the United States and the Great Britain intervene in Jordan and in Lebanon following the military coup d'etat of Qasim in Iraq.
    • Temporary suspension of the nuclear tests.
  • September:
    • National Defense Education Act , which releases important appropriations to develop scientific teaching.
    • the governor of the Arkansas Orval Faubus decides the closing of all the public schools of its State. The federal government does not react.
  • November: Democratic tidal wave with the Congress.

  • Balance of payments deficit.

  • the republican government spends for the agricultural price maintenance ten times more than in 1952.
  • The Flows Society , of the economist John Kenneth Galbraith, who expresses his skepticism as for the improvement which could result from the only growth of GNP for the 20 to 30% poor families as long as the State will not be solved with the redistribution.

Latin America

  • January 3rd: Creation of the Federation of the British Antilles (Barbados, Jamaica, Trinity-and-Tobago, Windward Islands and Under-the-Wind).
  • January 21st, Venezuela: The patriotic junta organizes an immense demonstration with Caracas. The trade unions and employers' associations unite with the movement.
  • January 23rd, Venezuela: The soldiers refuse to repress the demonstrations and the dictator Pérez Jimenez must leave the capacity.
  • January 27th, Venezuela: After a few days of confusion and debates about the new junta of government, the soldiers officially commit themselves facilitating democratization. The political parties (COPEI, URD) like the forces preserving (oil company, the United States, military golpistas) fear that the AD does not become an hegemonic party because of its popular supports. Negotiations open between August and September, leading to the pact of Punto Fijo.
  • February 23rd:
    • Argentinian: Arturo Frondizi, radical, is elected on a nationalist and populist program in order to allure the peronists whereas the radical civic Union (UCR) is divided (fine mandate in 1962).
    • Cuba: The Argentinian racing driver Fangio is as an hostage by rebels castrists. He is released without clash the shortly after the race.
  • March 17th: Fidel Castro lance a call to the all-out war against the mode of Fulgencio Batista with Cuba. The government of the United States issues the embargo on the supplies of weapons with Cuba (Mars), which amounts placing on an equal footing the legitimacy of the combat of the Batista government and that of the guerilla.
  • April: A general strike fails Cuba. Castro intensifies the guerilla. The repression of the army falls down on the average layers and the student mediums, which contributes to move away from the mode of many social categories.
  • May 13rd: During a round in Latin America, the vice-president Richard Nixon is particularly chahuté with Caracas for supports of the United States to the deposed dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez.
  • June 10th: Signature of a multilateral treaty of free trade and economic integration enters the five countries of Central America.
  • August 7th: Elections in Colombia. Beginning of the Mode of the National front (fine in 1974). The democratic institutions are restored but the democracy is limited to the only parties liberal and conservative, which involves a political demobilization. The state of siege remains in force until in 1982.
  • October 31st: Pact of Punto Fijo between the political parties with the Venezuela. It provides that the parties would respect the results of the elections to come and that overcome would see themselves offering a participation in the capacity.
  • November, Cuba: Batista tries a political exit and organizes a presidential election anticipated which shows a massive abstention.
  • February 1st: Adolfo López Mateos succeeds Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, with the presidency of the Mexico.
  • December 31st: Fidel Castro and her guerillas completes to take the control of Cuba by making the seat of Santiago of Cuba. After an ultimate operation to rejoin the support of the administration Eisenhower, the dictator Batista flees of the country.

Asia

  • January 1st, Thailand: A coalition government is formed and placed under the crook of the Prime Minister, the lieutenant-general of army Thanom Kittikachorn (fine the October 20th).
  • February:
    • Promulgation of the first democratic constitution of the Nepal.
    • Indonesia: Soldiers and the islamist ones proclaim with the semi-official support of the United States, a rival government with Sumatra. The forces of Djakarta beat them quickly, but the guerilla continues until in 1961.
  • September, Burma: U Naked entrusts the capacity to the army to restore the order. The general Win does not become Prime Minister and establishes a dictatorship anticommunist.
  • October 20th, Thailand: A new coup d'etat carried out once again by Sarit Dhanarajata, shift the Thanom government. The Constitution is suspended, the proclaimed martial law and all the political parties are prohibited (end in 1963).
  • October 28th:
    • Military regime with the Pakistan.
    • Burma: A scission of AFPFL requires the constitutional intervention of a military temporary government for eighteen months, under the direction of the general Win (fine the April 4th 1960). Its government tightens the administrative discipline and contains the separatist claims of the States shans.

China

  • January 28th: The government of Mao Zedong sets up the simplified C-W communication of the characters of the Chinese writing.
  • 5 - May 23rd: VIIIe congress of the Chinese Communist party.
    • Mao Zedong lance the “Large Step ahead” whose objective is to make it possible popular China to catch up with the the United Kingdom in fifteen years. This “Large Step ahead” will be completed in 1959 without success (perhaps thirty million deaths due to the famine and malnutrition). Mao will be isolated before returning to the capacity in 1966.
    • the Chinese Communist party condemns the Yugoslav revisionism.
  • May 9th: China breaks its diplomatic relations with the Japan.
  • July 31st: Travel of Nikita Khrouchtchev to China.
  • 22 - August 25th: Chinese bombardments on Jinmen and Matsu.
  • August 30th: Completion of the collectivization of the campaigns. The Chinese Communist party decides to generalize the system of the “popular communes”, with elimination of any private property.

  • Beginning of the conflict sino-Soviet.

  • Of big operations of Guérilla is announced in the east of the Tibet. This rebellion is caused by attempts to found popular communes similar to those which exist in other areas of China. The Chinese authorities announce that the establishment of the communes is deferred to Tibet, but it is already too late to avoid the extension of the armed conflict.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • Australia: Foundation of the Federal council for the defense of the rights of the Indigenous and the Islanders of the Strait of Torres (FCAATSI), which works with the suppression of the discriminatory laws, of the restrictions on individual freedoms of the Aboriginals, obtaining the right to vote to the national level and the accession with a true identity citizen.

The Middle East & Arab world

  • : The Egyptian Gamal Abdel Nasser, champion of the panarabism in the Middle East, announces the creation of the United Arab Republic which gathers the Egypt and the Syria.
  • February 14th: In reaction to the creation of the United Arab Republic, Iraq and Jordan link themselves in “  Arab Union of Jordan and Iraq   ”, or hachémite Federation, directed by the king Fayçal II of Iraq. Nuri Sa' id becomes the Prime Minister about it.
  • February 21st: Nasser is selected as chief of the news United Arab Republic approved by referendum with 99,98% of the voices in the two countries.
  • February 22nd: Pact of union enters Syria and Egypt.
  • February 23rd: The Gaza Strip is equipped with a charter creating of the mixed organizations palestino-Egyptians. Nasser proposes to form a Palestinian entity with elected representatives, directed against the High committee Arab, likely to vote fastening to the RAU. At the summer 1959, the Mufti and his partisans protest and leave Egypt for the Lebanon.
  • March 6th: President Nasser forms the first government of the RAU. It requires a total fusion with dissolution of the parties and creation of a sole party, the National union, which will become the Arab socialist Union in the Années 1960.
  • March 8th: The Yemen joined the RAU to form the Plain Arab States. The armed forces and the foreign politics of the two States are unified.
  • May: Crisis of 1958 in Lebanon. Insurrection against the capacity with the Lebanon. The Moslem districts sunnites are put in strike. All the north of the country, Christians like Moslem, is raised against Chamoun. In front of the threat, the Lebanese government calls upon the Western assistance.
  • July 14th: A nationalist rising reverses the dynasty hachémite in Iraq. Takeover by the general Abdul Karim Qasim and Abdel Salam Aref and introduction of the republic. Very violent popular riots accompany the military insurrection. The king Fayçal II, the members of his family and the Prime Minister Nuri Sa' id are carried out. The Republic is proclaimed. Iraq withdraws “  Arab Union of Jordan and Iraq   ”. Two tendencies clash for the capacity: that of Aref, favorable to a union with RAU, and that of Qasim, favorable to maintains identity Iraqi. Aref is stopped the November 5th. Qasim support on the nationalist forces Iraqi (Shiite, Kurdish) and the left organizations, especially the Iraqi Communist party.
  • July 15th: Several thousands of American soldiers unload with Beirut.
  • July 17th: At the request of the king Hussein of Jordan and in front of the threat of a coup d'etat pro-nassérien, British forces are sent in Jordan.
  • July 31st: To the Lebanon, new elections bring to the capacity the chief of the army, the general Fouad Chéhab (fine in 1964).
  • : The Great Britain, then the the United States recognize the new Iraqi mode.
  • August 8th: At the request of the Soviet Union, the General meeting of the United Nations meets in extraordinary session in order to examine the crisis in the Middle East. A resolution invites the foreign forces to withdraw Lebanon and of Jordan.
  • September 22nd: the president of Lebanon Fouad Chéhab form a government of national union and follows a policy of economic and social rebalancing in favor of the most stripped communities, the such Chiites. It supports regional development vis-a-vis Beirut. Outside, it returns to a line plus arabist and intends to respect the “national pact”.
  • September 30th: Land reform in Iraq limiting the size of the properties considerably. The rural population is not prepared with these changes. The suppression of the great property involves the disappearance of the Jachère, the increase in the Irrigation and the impoverishment of the soil. The agricultural production decrease and Iraq ceases being self-sufficing out of food matter.

  • After the Iraqi revolution, the communist forces of Iraq are violently opposed to the bringing together country with the RAU. Nasser shows Communism to be against the interests of the Arab unit. The USSR reacts by supporting the communist forces of Syria and Iraq. The United States benefits from it to restore their relations with Egypt. Food aid functions again.

  • Return in Iraq of the Kurdish leader Moustafa Barzani, hitherto exiled in Soviet Union. It approaches an left organization rested by young intellectuals, the Democratic party of Kurdistan (DPK). Initially favorable to the mode of Qasim; the Kurds are diverted some is necessary to obtain sufficient rights.
  • Tensions in the Saudi Arabia and the Egypt. The Saoudis organize an assassination attempt against Nasser and try to prevent the formation of the RAU. Faysal becomes chief of the government and tries to restore the image of its country on the international scene, but Its' ud returns his/her brother.

Religion

  • October 29th: Election of the new pope Jean XXIII (cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) (fine in 1963). It succeeds Pie XII.
  • Good Friday: last time that the mention “ pro perfidis judaeis ” is mentioned in the liturgy of the Good Friday. This mention will be removed by Jean XXIII the following year.
  • Theology of the Judeo-Christianity of the Jesuit Jean Daniélou, makes later cardinal.

Arts & culture

See also: 1958 with the cinema, 1958 in music, 1958 in literature, 1958 with the theater, 1958 as a cartoon, 1958 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1958 in science

See also: 1958 in aeronautics

See also: 1958 in the railroads

Sports & discovered

See also: 1958 in sport

See also: 1958 in football

Births in 1958

  • unknown Dates:

  • Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, political woman, Prime Minister for the Mongolia
  • Maria das Firns, political woman, president of Sao Tome

Death in 1958

Beats-smg: 1958 Be-X-old: 1958 Map-bms: 1958 Nds-nl: 1958 Simple: 1958 Zh-yue: 1958 年

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