1957 in science

Events

International Geographical Year with like principal subject the the Antarctic. The number of bases passes from 28 to 40.
May 15th: Explosion in the Christmas island (Peaceful), of the first British thermonuclear bomb
July 19th: Experimentation of an air-to-ground missile with nuclear warhead in the desert of the Nevada.
August 26th: The Soviet Union announces the first successful launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile.
September 19th: First underground nuclear explosion in the desert of the Nevada, with 100 kilometers of Las Vegas.
October 4th: The Soviet Union sends the first artificial satellite in space, the Sputnik 1 (83,6 kg), whose radio operator signals are described as bleep-bleep .
November 3rd: The bitch Laïka , on board Sputnik 2 is the first living being sent in space.
November 5th: The US government launches an invitation to tender with the aeronautical companies for the construction of a spaceship able to reach the the Moon.
December 5th: Launching with Leningrad of the Lénine, first ice-breaker with nuclear propulsion
December 17th: Successful launch of the first American intercontinental ballistic missile Atlas.
Invention of a system of location of the beacons of distress called “Machine-position indicator”. The first civil aircrafts are equipped with this device as of 1960.
First numerical synthesis of the its
With the Canada, beginning of the use of alternative techniques of fight against the ravageurs, including/understanding other methods of culture, the use of predatory natural and the creation of biological agents allowing to reduce the dependence on the chemical pesticides.

Price

December 10th: Physical Nobel Prize

: Chen Ning Yang (楊振寧), Tsung-CAD Lee (李政道) for their discovery of the principle of “violation of the parity”.
Chemistry: Lord Alexander R. Todd (British) (Nucleotide S)
Physiology or medicine: Daniel Bovet (Swiss, then Italian in 1947) (antihistaminiquede synthesis).

Medal Wollaston: Paul Fourmarier

Births

Jacques Neyton, French electrophysiologist.

Death

February 8th:

Johannes von Neumann, American mathematician of Hungarian origin, author of the mathematical Bases of the quantum Mechanical .
Walther Bothe, German physicist, Nobel Prize in 1954.

February 13rd: Oszkár Jászi, Hungarian sociologist in exile in the United States.
March 11th: Richard Byrd, explorer, the first to fly over the North pole in 1926.
August 16th: Irving Langmuir, chemist.

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