This page relates to the year 1955 Gregorian Calendrier.
Events
- 18 - July 23rd: Opening to Geneva of the first conference of the Four Large ones since 1945. Without concrete results, the conference is closed however in a spirit of relaxation (“the spirit of Geneva”). Negotiations on disarmament with the Soviet Union starts again. Eisenhower proposes to a plan of air inspection reciprocal (“open ski proposal ”) to which the Soviets oppose their traditional position (progressive reduction having to lead to the elimination of nuclear stocks of weapon, accompanied by a mutual reduction of the conventional forces).
- August 8th: Opening to Geneva of a conference on the peaceful use of atomic energy.
- November 4th: The Nobel Prize of peace 1954 is decreed with the Office of the High Commission of the United Nations for the refugees.
- December 14th: Entry with UNO of 16 novel members, of which the Spain (resolution 109 of the Safety advice). The entry of the Japan and the Mongolia is refused.
- December 15th: The Atlantic Council decides to equip the forces with the Alliance of atomic weapons and approves the development of a system of radars NADGE.
Africa
- May 29th: Free-Tunisian convention granting autonomy interns with the Tunisia (June 3rd). After three years of exile, Habib Bourguiba returns in his country (June 1st).
- August: War of the Anyanya. Civil war with the Sudan between black populations animists and Christian women in the south and those of north, Arabic and Moslem women (end in 1972).
- October 2nd: Celebration of the Jubilee of the Crowning of the Emperor of Ethiopia Hailé Sélassié. He proclaims a new extension of the constitution.
- December 19th: Following the agreement between the the United Kingdom and the Egypt of October 19th, 1954, the Parliament of Khartoum proclaims unanimously the independence of the Sudan.
- August 20th: Massacre Oued Zem. Attacks cause the resignation of the general resident whose plan of reform was not accepted. Edgar Faure negotiates with all the political tendencies.
- November 5th: Re-establishment of Mohammed V on the Throne of Morocco by Edgar Faure.
- November 6th: Agreements of fine That-Saint-Cloud putting at the Protectorate French with the Morocco. Following the resignation of Mohammed Ibn Arafa, Sidi Mohammed Ben Youssef is recognized like sultan of Morocco. The principle of “independence” in the interdependence is recognized.
- November 16th: Triumphal return to Reduction of the sultan Mohammed Ben Youssef, who is called from now on Mohammed V.
Americas
the United States
- : The American Senate ratifies the treaty which creates OTASE.
- February 9th: Regrouping of the two more important American trade unions, the American Federation off Ploughing (10,2 million members) and the Congress off Industrials Organizations (5,2 million members) to form the AFL-CIO, whose George Meany assumes the chairmanship. This new trade union accounts for 25% of the American workmen and constitutes most powerful of the trade unions of the Western countries.
- July 17th: Opening of Disneyland to Anaheim in California, it is the first park of the Walt Disney Company.
- 23 - September 24th: Mild heart attack of President Eisenhower. Richard Nixon exerts the power.
- February 1st: In a bus, in Montgomery, in Alabama, the Rosa Parks dressmaker refuses to yield her seat to a White.
- December 5th: Beginning of a boycott of the buses of Montgomery (Alabama) against the segregation, following the business Rosa Parks, under the direction of Pasteur Martin Luther King. The boycott will last 381 days and will be followed by 95% of the Blacks of Montgomery.
- December 31st: “General Motors” becomes the first american company to declare incomes exceeding a billion dollar for only one year.
Asia & Indian world
- February 23rd: Opening of the conference of the Organization of the treaty of the Southeast Asia (OTASE) to Bangkok.
- March 13rd: Beginning of the reign of Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah, king of the Nepal. It continues the policy of democratization. Nepal adheres to UNO.
- 17 - April 24th: Conference of Bandung. It gathers the representatives of 28 countries of Asia and Africa. ). Only the five African Sovereign states take part in it (Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, Libya, Sudan) with the delegations of Algerian FLN and the CP in the capacity in Gold Coast. Colonialism in all its forms is condemned there. The India becomes with Nehru and its political of non-alignment one of the leaders of the Tiers-monde.
- April: The India gives up with the China the control of the phone network, telegraphic and postal of the Tibet.
- May 20th, Vietnam: The France evacuates the sector of Hải Phòng.
- October 26th: Proclamation with Saigon of the Republic of the Vietnam (Ngô Dinh Diem president). Deposition of the emperor Bảo Đại in Vietnam following the referendum of the October 23rd. Ngô Đình Diệm, elected Head of the State, institutes a true dictatorship and turns more and more to the United States.
- December, Indonesia: First elections which give a DPR (National Assembly) where no party in the majority and where only one, the Moslem Masyumi, has a significant audience apart from Java. They reinforce the position of the partisans of a neutral State on the religious pla. The progressionism of Soekarno which wishes to integrate the Communist party indonésien in the government runs up against the Moslem parties and the army.
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First federal elections in Malaysia: the Malayan unified National organization (UMNO), Association sino-malaysienne (MCA) and the Congress indo-malaysien (MIC) form an alliance, carried out by the leader of the UMNO, Tunku Abdul Rahman, which gains 51 of the 52 seats to be provided.
- In Burma, weakened, the Burmese White Drapeau accepts the democratic game and the seizure of power in legality. It constitutes a Front National Unifié Burmese of the movements on the left.
- Law on the divorce and the marriage in India ( Hindu Marriage Act ).
- Rebellion of the Tibetans of the Amdo and the Kham.
- the Afghanistan, dissatisfied in connection with a pact of military aid concluded between the the United States and the Pakistan, approaches the Soviet Union. Soviet the Prime Minister Nikolaï Boulganine, visits some in Afghanistan, known as favorable to the creation of a State of Pachtounistan.
- “Honda” is the first manufacturer of Japanese motor cycles.
- India: Industrial development in the sector of heavy equipment, more particularly in iron and steel industry and metallurgical. The Soviet Union intervenes in the oil products (refinery of Baurani), the industrial complexes (steel-works of Bhilai and Bokaro). Sectors of aluminum, cement, the electrical production, the coal and the consumer goods (automobile, bicycles, refrigerators…) also progress. The development of SME remains disappointing.
- March 2nd: The king Norodom Sihanouk, attacked by the democratic party of prince Youthevong, abdicates in favor of his father the prince Norodom Suramarit, while preserving the government. He gathers the factions in the Sangkum Reastr Niyum (popular socialist community).
- May 18th: Military treaty enters the Kampuchea and the the United States.
- Khieu Samphan, future theorist and one of the founders of the Khmer Rouge, publishes within the framework of the Université of Montpellier, a thesis on the farming community and the Kampuchean policy, who announces the fatal Utopia to come. This thesis was elaborate with the assistance of militants of the “colonial” sections of the French Communist party.
Europe
- March 31st: The EOKA (Cypriot National organization of fight), directed by the colonel Georges Grivas, starts the armed struggle for the fastening of the island of Cyprus to the Greece.
- May 7th: Denunciation by the USSR of the Franco-Soviet pact of 1944.
- September 9th: Re-establishment of the diplomatic relations between the USSR and FRG.
Eastern Europe
- February 8th: Gueorgui Malenkov must resign and the marshal Nikolaï Boulganine takes his succession with the presidency of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
- Mars: Foundation in Hungary of the Petöfi Circle within the Communist youths. It organizes many debates on the economy, historiography, Marxist philosophy, the fate of the volunteers of the Guerre of Spain who were decimated, on the press (June 27th 1956).
- March 18th: Imre Nagy is dislocated of its president's functions of the Council in Hungary and driven out party under anti-Soviet pretext of nationalism and incapacity to conform to the political model of the USSR.
- May 14th: Signature of the Warsaw Pact , “treated friendship, of co-operation and mutual assistance with the formation of a command unified” for one 20 years duration, between the the USSR, the Czechoslovakia, the Poland, the Bulgaria, the Hungary, the Romania, the Albania, and GDR, under the aegis of the USSR in counterpart to the Accords of Paris (1954), which allowed the rearmament of the FRG by its integration within NATO.
- May 15th: The USSR decreases its troops stationed in Romania after the signature of the treaty with the Austria.
- May 26th: Reconciliation enters the the USSR and the Yugoslavia of Maréchal Tito, at the time of a voyage of Nikita Khrouchtchev and Nikolaï Boulganine in this country.
- May 31st: The USSR undertakes the construction of a launching center of rockets with Baïkonour.
- September 20th: Abolition of the mode of occupation in East Germany. The USSR offers a certain economic independence to GDR, renonçant with the war damagees while preserving an important quota of troops on the German ground.
- December 14th: The Romania is allowed with UNO.
- December: Congress of the Rumanian Communist party. Gheorghiu-Dej is re-elected at the post of first secretary but gives up the load of head of government. Nicolae Ceauşescu enters to the Politburo.
- the Congress of the Rumanian Communist party greets the realization of the Five-year plan 1st which carried the production to three times its level of 1938 but with a certain delay of the consumer goods and adopts five-year plan IIe (1956 - 1960) which maintains the effort on basic industries but privileges among it petrochemistry and fixed objective less ambitious than the foreground.
Western Europe
- January 18th: Arrival on the Spanish territory of infant Juan Carlos, called by the general Francisco Franco to continue monarchy.
- March 5th: The president Eisenhower commits himself maintaining as a long time forces American in Europe as their presence will appear necessary.
- April 5th: Sir Winston Churchill (80 years), British Prime Minister , resigns due to disease - Sir Anthony Eden secretary in Foreign Office, succeeds to him (fine in 1957).
- May 5th: Re-establishment of German sovereignty under the name of “German Federal republic”. FRG becomes member of Atlantic Alliance (NATO) the May 9th.
- May 15th: Treaty of Austrian State to Vienna between the 4 combined and the Austria. The allies of the Second world war cease occupying the country which becomes free and sovereign.
- May, the United Kingdom: Victoire of the conservatives to the legislative ones. Hugh Gaitskell becomes the leader of the Labor and is opposed to the minority of left carried out by Aneurin Bevan in order to modernize the image of the party and to adapt its program.
- 1 {{er}} - June 3rd: the Metz-native Conference of revival European construction and opens the way with the EEC.
- October 6th: Government conservatives in Greece of Constantin Caramanlis (fine in 1963).
- September: The diplomatic relations are restored between the USSR and the West Germany.
- October 13rd: Jean Monnet creates the Committee for the United States of Europe.
- December 6th: The neutrality of the Austria is recognized by the United States, the USSR, France and Great Britain.
- December 10th: Assertion of the Doctrines Hallstein: FRG will break the diplomatic relations with any country which will recognize GDR.
- December 14th: The Spain, the Portugal and the Italy enter to UNO.
See also: 1955 in France
Italy
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the Minister for the Budget, Vanoni, Christian-Democrat of left makes vote a plan envisaging an harmonious development of the country by series of measure. The line of cd. and the Confindustria are arranged to neutralize its proposals completely.
- GNP increased on average by 5,6% per annum since 1950 (10% in industry).
- Last nine million Italians carries out an interior migration between 1955 and 1971.
Oceania & peaceful
- April 18th: International Conference of Bandung (18 April 24th) in Indonesia, on the decolonization. The meeting will have repercussions in Africa.
The Middle East & world arabo-Moslem
- February 18th: David Ben Gourion becomes Minister for defense in Israel. He recommends a policy of force vis-a-vis the Egypt. In front of the rearmament of Egypt by the USSR, it works out with Moshe Dayan, chief of staff, a plan of invasion of the the Sinai.
- February 24th: Signature of the Pact of Baghdad between the Iraq and the Turkey.
- February - Mars: Albert Hourani animates in Syria the hostile coalition with the Pacte of Baghdad. It arrives at the capacity (government Sabri Al-Assali, February 10th) and approaches the Egypt with which it signs an agreement of military cooperation the March 2nd. The Saudi Arabia joint with the alliance, clearly directed against the Iraq. An agreement of sale of Czech weapons is concluded with Syria.
- March 30th: The the United Kingdom joined the pact of Baghdad. Nasser receives the guarantee of London which Iraq will be the only Arab member of the pact.
- April 2nd: A cooperation agreement is signed between the Turkey and the Pakistan.
- April 18th: To the Afro-Asian conference of Bandung, Nasser is presented in the form of a true leader of the Arab world. It adheres to neutralism and affirms to want to take what there is the best in capitalism and socialism without depending on one of the two systems. To counterbalance the Pact of Baghdad, it approaches the Soviet Union, which proposes deliveries of weapons to him. Nasser refuses initially and turns to the Westerners. The Great Britain accepts only if Egypt adheres to the pact of Baghdad. The United States gives the priority to the armament of Iraq. France refuses because of supports of Nasser to the freedom fighters of North Africa. Finally, Egypt signs a secret agreement of armament with the USSR by the Czechoslovakia ( September), publicly announced the September 27th.
- April, Syria: Colonel Adnan Al-Malki is assassinated by a militant of the PS. A violent repression falls down on this party, whose chiefs are condemned to death in absentia. It disappears from the political life.
- July 1st: The Pakistan joined the pact of Baghdad.
- September 6th: Shukri Al-Kuwatli becomes again Head of the State in Syria (fine in 1958).
- September 13rd: Said Al-Ghazzi, Prime Minister of Syria.
- October 11th: The Iran joined the Pact of Baghdad.
- - November 2nd: The Israeli army tackles the Egyptian positions in the area of el-Auja, making sure control of one of the principal access roads towards the the Sinai.
- November 2nd: In Israel, David Ben Gourion becomes again Prime Minister.
- November 21st: Opening to Baghdad of the first conference of the adherent countries of the Pact of Baghdad.
- December 10th: An Israeli raid against Syrian villages makes 56 dead and 30 missings.
Arts & cultures
See also: 1955 with the cinema, 1955 in music, 1955 in literature, 1955 with the theater, 1955 as a cartoon, 1955 on television
Sciences & technology
See also: 1955 in science
See also: 1955 in aeronautics
See also: 1955 in the railroads
Car
- Creation of a mythical engine, the V8 Small-Block Chevrolet, which will equip in particular the Corvette. More than 90 million Chevy Small-Blocks were built, for a total of 27 billion horses.
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Presentation of the Citroen DS with the motor-show: able to roll on 3 wheels, it is equipped with a hydropneumatic suspension, of a hydraulic assistance of the direction, clutch and gear box. It is a revolution!
Transport
Sports
- the American boxer Rocky Marciano preserves its championship of the world of the heavy trucks while beating:
- June 11th: at the 24 hours of Mans, in France, racing car Mercedes a racing leaves the track and kills 82 spectators.
- July 31st: The Tour de France cyclist is gained for the third consecutive time by the French Louison Bobet, in front of the Belgian Jean Brankart and the Luxembourger Charly Gaul better climbing; the best sprinter is Stan Ockers.
- Manual Juan Fangio world champion of Formula 1.
Births in 1955
January
February
- February 11th: Anneli Jäätteenmäki Finnish, old political woman Prime Minister of Finland
- February 16th: Margaux Hemingway, American actress
- February 24th :
- Alain Prost, French pilot, Automobile Runner F1.
- Steve Jobs, Co American Founder of Apple
March
- March 6th: Cyprien Ntaryamira, Political Man Burundian († April 6th 1994).
- March 9th: Ornella Muti, Actress Italian
- March 11th: Nina Hagen, German Singer
- March 17th: Gary Sinicizes, American actor
- March 19th: Bruce Willis, American Actor
- March 24th: Candy Reynolds, American player tennis
- March 31st :
- Muriel Siki, Swiss journalist
- Akemi Takada, Mangaka Japan ease
- Angus Young, Guitarist of the group AC/DC
April
- April 4th: Armin Rohde, German actor .
- April 11th:
- Michel de Lamotte, Belgian politician of French language
- Piers Sellers, American astronaut
- April 12th: Jean-Louis Aubert, French singer.
- April 15th: Jean-Philippe Templier, creative data processing specialist of the method of comparison of price in store using portable terminals.
- April 16th: Henri Large-Duke of Luxembourg.
- April 17th: Chantal Bertouille, Belgian politque woman of French language.
- April 20th: Donald Pettit, American astronaut
- April 30th: Nicolas Hulot, politician (and man of television) French
May
- May 6th: Donald A. Thomas, American astronaut
- May 7th: Sylvain Augier, radio presenter and of French television
- May 16th: Debra Winger, actress and producing American
- May 19th: Pierre J. Thuot, American astronaut
- May 30th: Zbigniew Preisner, type-setter Polish
June
- June 8th: Valerie Mairesse, actress, Co-stimulating tele French
- June 21st: Michel Platini, Footballer French.
- June 23rd: Jean Tigana, French footballer.
- June 25th: Christine Albanel, French political Woman, Minister of the Culture and the Communication.
- June 26th: Maxime Bossis, French footballer.
- June 27th
- Isabelle Adjani, French Actress .
- Patrick Pinchart, Editor association of the magazine French of Cartoons Spirou.
- June 29th
- Alain Labelle, Advertiser radio-TV French Canada.
July
- July 11th: Titouan Lamazou, artist and navigator French.
- July 22nd: Willem Dafoe, actor, scenario writer and American coproducer
August
- August 2nd: Muriel Robin, French actress.
- August 4th
- Andrew Mr. Allen, American astronaut
- Charles D. Gemar, American astronaut
September
- September 6th: Carl E. Walz, American astronaut
- September 14th: Olivier Roellinger, French cook.
- September 21st: Richard J. Hieb, American astronaut
- September 29th: Ass Bancroft, teaching and exploring polar American
October
- October 3rd: David Silveti, Mexican Bullfighter .
- October 12th: Brigitte Lahaie, French actress
- October 17th: Sam Bottoms, actor and American producer
- October 26th: Stephen K. Robinson, American astronaut
- October 28th: Bill Gates, cofounder of Microsoft.
November
- November 3rd: Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, political woman Zulu, vice-president of South Africa
- November 13rd: Whoopi Goldberg, American actress.
December
- December 3rd: Steven Culp, American Actor (series: Desperate housewives )
- December 4th: Maurizio Bianchi, Italian musician
- December 7th: Herve Loy, French graphic designer.
Death in 1955
- January 15th: Yves Tanguy, American painter of French origin
- February 23rd: Paul Claudel, playwright and poet French
- March 11th: Sir Alexander Fleming, biologist and doctor, inventor of the Penicillin.
- March 12th: Charlie Parker, American saxophonist of jazz - it revolutionized the jazz music by creating a new style, the bebop.
- March 16th: Nicolas de Staël, French painter of Russian origin
- April 5th: Louis Charles Breguet (° 1880), French airframe manufacturer.
- April 18th: Albert Einstein, German physicist, then stateless person, Switzerland, Switzerland-German and finally American.
- May 30th: Zbigniew Preisner, type-setter of film music Polish
- July 9th: Adolfo of Huerta, president of the Mexico in 1920
- August 12th: Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Prize of literature.
- August 17th: Fernand Leger, French painter
- September 30th: James Dean, American actor, in an car accident at the 24 years age. September 22nd, it turned the last scene of its life in “Giant” film.
- November 1st: Rafael González Madrid known as “Machaquito” Spanish Matador. (° January 2nd 1880)
- November 5th: Maurice Utrillo, French painter
- November 27th: Arthur Honegger, Swiss type-setter
Beats-smg: 1955
Be-X-old: 1955
Map-bms: 1955
Simple: 1955
Zh-yue: 1955 年