1951

This page relates to the year 1951 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • January 9th: The buildings of the central administration of the United Nations are inaugurated with New York.

Europe

Eastern Europe

  • First Five-year plan in Romania (1951 - 1955), which provides the foundations of a systematic industrialization. 42% of the investments go to the goods of production (heavy industries, machines), 10% with agriculture. A Plan of electrification envisages to connect all the villages in ten years and a construction project of a channel the Danube - Black Sea is launched.

  • Poland: Arrest of Wladislaw Gomulka excluded from the Polish working party unified in 1948.

Western Europe

  • Spain: Joaquín Ruiz Jiménez, Minister for education tries a cultural and intellectual liberalization. End of rationing.

Italy
  • April 5th: Following the resignation of some social democrat ministers , Alcide De Gasperi alters its government.
  • July: Resignation of the Minister for the Budget and the Treasury. De Gasperi forms its seventh government with the participation of the republicans.
  • September: Official trip of Gasperi in the United States.
  • 46  737  700 inhabitants in Italy.

Belgium
  • July 11th: Abdication of the king of the Belgians Léopold III in favor of his/her son Baudouin.
  • July 17th: Baudouin becomes king of the Belgian , after the abdication of Léopold III.

France

See also: 1951 in France

Africa

  • New constitutions with the Nigeria and in Sierra Leone.

  • electoral Reform widening the right to vote in the French Colonies.
  • Memorandum of the Kenya African Union.
  • First Panafrican Congress of students.
  • Foundation of the University Lovanium, first Congolese university, with Léopoldville with the Belgian Congo (DRC).
  • Creation with the Portugal of the Central back Estudos Africanos .
  • the doctor Verwoerd, Minister for the tribal businesses of South Africa, imagines the formation of Bantoustan S on the South-African territory where the Blacks of the various ethnos groups are gathered. Intended to become “independent”, they must grant their citizenship to the members of their ethnicity and to those, which established in white area, theirs are attached.
  • 367  000 Indians in South Africa.

Morocco

Americas

North America

the United States
  • January: The restoration of governmental controls makes it possible to stop inflation.
  • January 26th: The senator Joseph McCarthy is named president of the senatorial commission of enquiry into the anti-American activities of which it is useful like platform for his propaganda. He makes reign on the bureaucracy an intolerable climate of terror and denouncement. The Administration accepts extraordinarily severe criteria for the definition of the “risks of safety” ( April). It throws the doubt about itself while being seen obliged to return employees bleached before.
  • February 27th: 22e amendment, limiting the number of presidential mandates to two.
  • April 5th: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg is condemned to the capital punishment for espionage. They were shown to have delivered atomic secrecies to the USSR. They will be carried out in June 1953. International protest campaign in favor of Rosenberg (1951-1953).
  • April 11th: Douglas MacArthur, which launched out in a public campaign against the White House, is dismissed. It is accommodated triumphantly by the American opinion.

  • Agreements between the Mexico and the the United States envisaging the legal entry of a definite annual number Mexican seasonal workers in the United States. A million Mexicans cross illegally the border during this period post-war period.

Latin America

  • March 15th: Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán becomes president of Guatemala (fine in 1954). Arbenz proposes to transform the Guatemala into a modern country and capitalism, but independently and with the support of the popular masses. It carries out land reforms which redistribute grounds, injuring the interests of the great groups, in particular the United Fruit Company.
  • May 16th: The soldiers refuse to recognize the electoral victory of the revolutionary Nationalist movement of Víctor Paz Estenssoro in Bolivia.
  • May: The five countries of Central America form, with the invitation of CEPAL, a Committee of economic cooperation (the CEC)
  • October 14th: The five countries of Central America sign the Charter of San Salvador giving rise to the Organization of States centraméricains (ODECA).
  • November 11th: Argentinian re-election of Juan Perón in . Its policy is done less populist and nationalist, the economic situation not allowing its Re-distributive generosities more.

Asia & Indian world

  • In February, the Burmese governmental army hustles the popular Army whose divisions scatter.
  • From May to July, complete failures of the attempts of the Kuomintang, supported by the United States, to invade the China starting from the Burma.
  • May 23rd: Final annexation of the Tibet by the popular China.
    • the government Tibetan signs a treaty in 17 points which joins together Tibet in China in exchange of the maintenance of the rights of the Dalai Lama and of the respect of the monasteries. The Chinese military units reach Lhassa in October. The two parts respect a time this peace of compromise, the Dalai Lama abolishes the agrarian drudgery and debts, the Chinese redouble efforts to improve the communications of the country, building military airports and roads in various parts of Tibet.
  • September 8th: Signature of the Treated of San Francisco (peace treaty of 48 Western countries with the Japan; the USSR, China and India do not sign it). The annexation of the Kouriles by the Soviet Union is confirmed. Pact of safety: Japan remains an element of North-American defense. End of the North-American occupation. Coming into effect the April 28th 1952.
  • October 21st, India: Svami Karpatri creates the right party Jana Sangh, opposed to the policy of occidentalization (future Bharatiya Janata Party). It takes the changing of the Hindu Mahasabha.
  • November 16th, Nepal: the Rânâ are évincés and a constitutional monarchy is founded.
  • November 29th: Coup d'etat in Thailand. A group of officers of the army seizes the capacity without bloodshed and restores the Constitution of 1932, while making some modifications to him. Phibun Songkram is named Prime Minister. In parallel, is formed in China, a free movement inhabitant of Thailand ( Free Thai Movement ), supported by the Chinese Communists and officially carried out by Pridi Phanomyong.
  • December 23rd: Land reform with the Japan. Dismemberment of the land and buildings, acquisition of grounds by the farmers (end in 1953).

Indonesia

  • Creation of a national legislative council in Papua.
  • a company of aerial navigation, the Garuda Indonesian Airways , replaces the KLM but depends on the foreigner for the material and the personnel.
  • Application of plan a ten years on teaching. Schools and universities are arranged. Their manpower are multiplied. Actions are carried out to fight against the illiteracy of the adults (Service of Education of the masses). Progress is quickly made.

War of Korea

  • January 17th: the Communists seize Seoul.
  • January 21st: Beginning of the counter-offensive of UNO against the Chinese in Korea (VIIIe armed American).
  • January 25th: Maximum projection of the Chinese troops in South Korea.
  • February 21st: Operation Killer (UNO)
  • March 7th: Operation Ripper.
  • March 14th: Resumption of Seoul by the troops of UNO.
  • April 11th: Dismissal of MacArthur, in favor to carry out the war against China, replaced by Ridgway in Korea.
  • April 22nd: The forces of UNO pass the 38 {{E}} parallel. The frontline is stabilized.
  • July 10th: Beginning of the negotiations for an armistice with Kaesong.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • September 1st: Creation of ANZUS, treated military security concluded between Australia, the United States and New Zealand

The Middle East & Arab World

See also: 1951 in Iran

  • March 15th: Nationalization of oils Iran iens: serious attack with the the United Kingdom.
  • April 27th: Resignation of Iranian the Prime Minister Hossein Ala', in favor of a compromise with the British on the statute of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company . Mohammad Mossadegh, in favor of the nationalizations, succeeds the April 29th to him.
  • April 30th: The Iranian Parliament unanimously approves the immediate nationalization of Iranian oil industry. In reaction, the AIOC ( Anglo-Iranian Oil Company ) obtains an embargo of the oil companies on the purchases of Iranian oil. To compensate for this reduction of the offer, the companies decide to increase their production in the Golfe.
  • July 16th, Lebanon: The nationalist Parti social Syrian assassinates the ex- Prime Minister of Lebanon Riyadh are-Solh.
  • July 20th: The king Abdallah Ier of Jordan is assassinated in the Mosquée Al-Aqsa by a partisan of the Mufti S, banished city. His/her son Talal succeeds to him (fine in 1952). The emir Naïf, his second wire, becomes regent. The last contacts of Israel with the Arabs are broken. The commission of conciliation is removed and replaced by a mission of good officess.
  • August 21st: In a letter with Iranian the Prime Minister Mossadegh, the American mediator W. Averell Harriman supports the British proposal to solve the oil conflict: participation of the Iran in the direction of the British companies and division of the benefit. He threatens Iran of a removal of the American assistance if the government does not manage any agreement with Great Britain.
  • October 8th: Egyptian the Prime Minister Nahhas Pasha decides to denounce the treaty of 1936 between the the United Kingdom and the Egypt. Farouk is proclaimed king of the Sudan.
  • October 9th: Great Britain informs Egypt which it will not accept the unilateral revocation of the treaty and which it will maintain its troops in the zone of the Suez Canal. A guerilla against the British presence develops, mainly carried out by the Communists and the Muslim brothers. 80  000 British soldiers station then in Egypt whereas the treaty of 1936 did not expect that 10  of it; 000.
  • October 29th: In Syria, after one period of political instability, Adib Chichakli decides to seize the power directly, dissolves the Parliament and forms a military government. The mode, supported by the army, becomes authoritative with the dissolution of the parties and the foundation of a sole party, the Arab Liberation movement (August 25th 1952).

  • an agreement of mutual defense is signed between the United States and the Saudi Arabia, authorizing American to arm, equip and involve the Saoudi defense forces.

Arts & culture

See also: 1951 with the cinema, 1951 in music, 1951 in literature, 1951 with the theater, 1951 as a cartoon, 1951 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1951 in science

See also: 1951 in aeronautics

See also: 1951 in the railroads

  • April 1st: First Canadian air link between Montreal and Paris.
  • November 24th: Ship of research and discovered commander Cousteau, “Calypso” leaves for its first voyage.

Sports

Births in 1951

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

    • Foamed Konaté, writer Mali in.

Death in 1951

Beats-smg: 1951 Be-X-old: 1951 Map-bms: 1951 Simple: 1951 Zh-yue: 1951 年

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