1944 in France

---- This page relates to the year 1944 of the Gregorian Calendrier.

Chronology of France

1943 in France - 1944 - 1945 in France

Events

January

February

  • February 8th: The plan for the invasion of the France, the Operation Overlord, is confirmed.
  • February 18th: At the time of the operation “Jericho”, 19 English planes attack the prison of Amiens to make it possible to the French prisoners to escape.
  • February 21st: The Germans carry out resisting it Missak Manouchian and 22 members of its group pertaining to ftp ME (Franc-tireur partisan-Hand-D' works immigrant).

March

April

  • April 1st: Massacre of Ascq.
  • April 21st: Schedule provisional government (de Gaulle) on the organization of the public authorities to the release.
    • the Provisional government of the French Republic, chaired by the general de Gaulle, grants the right of vote to the women: " Schedule right to vote and of éligibilité". It is only the April 29th 1945 which the women will be able to exert for the first time this right (with the municipal elections). The October 21st according to, they vote to elect, like the men, the members of the Constituent Assembly. One month later, the 23 and November 30th, they turn over to the ballot boxes (for the cantonal ones).
(let us Rappelons that Suédoises could vote as of 1886 with the local elections and that their eligibility was acquired in 1907. The 3 other Scandinavian countries followed the example shortly after. Allemandes and Dutchwomen profited from the right to vote in 1919.)
    • Air raids combined of Paris.
  • Of the 23 to the April 25th: The Militia tackles the positions of French resistance in the Vercors.
  • April 26th: Pétain receives an enthusiastic reception in Paris.

May

  • May 8th: The day-J for the Operation Overlord fixed at the June 5th.
  • Of the 26 to the May 31st: Air raids combined on many French cities.

June

  • June 2nd, Algiers: The French Comité of the national Release proclaims Provisional government of the French Republic, directed by Charles de Gaulle.

  • June 3rd: Beginning of the Fourth Republic.
  • June 4th:
    • the Opération Overlord is given 12 midnight because of a formed sea.
    • Taken Rome by the Allies (French).
  • June 5th: Conference in London between Churchill, Eisenhower and De Gaulle concerning the administration of the future territories released. “large anger” of De Gaulle who refuses any idea “of American occupation”…
  • June 6th: D Day. Unloading of the British, American and Canadian forces in Normandy, baptized Operation Overlord (850  000 Anglo-Canadian, 1,2 million Americans). Prepared by parachutings then of intense air and sea bombardments, the unloading starts with 6:30. The evening of June 6th, the Allies did not achieve all the laid down goals, but could establish solids heads of bridge.
  • June 7th: Bayeux is released by British troops.
  • June 8th: Mobilization of the Militia.
  • June 9th: Massacre of Tulle.
  • June 10th:
    • Massacre of Oradour-on-Glane by measurement of reprisals after an attack conducted by men of the maquis. The Division S Das Reich carries out or makes burn sharp the 642 inhabitants of the village.
    • the Interior French Forces (FFI) are integrated into the French Army.
  • June 14th:
    • De Gaulle arrives in Normandy and goes to Bayeux where it settles in its functions of first police chief of the Republic.
    • the unloading in Provence is fixed at August.
    • Destruction of Vimoutiers in Normandy by 36 allied bombers.
  • June 17th: The French of the armed with the release unload in Elba in Toscane.
  • June 18th: Combat of the Maquis of Saint-Marcel in the Morbihan.
  • June 20th: The Allies release Valognes in Normandy.
  • June 26th:
    • Cherbourg is released by American troops.
    • Beginning of the Operation Epsom by the British in the west of Caen. The English Canadians continue with difficulty the offensive in the area of Caen which is released the July 9th.
  • June 27th: Catch of Cherbourg by the Americans.
  • June 30th: Interview enters the pope Pie XII and De Gaulle.

July

  • July 3rd: Catch of His (Italy) by the French.

  • Of the 6 to the July 13rd: Talks in Washington between Roosevelt and De Gaulle. The two men hate…
  • July 9th: Caen is released by the British (Dempsey).
  • July 11th: The British projection is stopped on the Orne by the Germans.
  • July 12th: The last Council of Ministers in Vichy.
  • July 18th: The Allies release Saint-Lo.
  • Of the 21 to the July 23rd: The Germans, helped by the militiamans, attack the Vercors where thousands of men of the maquis took refuge which do not receive Allies the awaited helps. The Germans exert fatal reprisals against the civil population.
  • July 23rd: Saint-Gingolph is set fire to and 8 hostages are shot following an attack of the bridge-border by the men of the maquis.
  • July 25th: The Americans start the offensive Cobra towards the south-west of the Normandy which leads the July 31st to the opening of Avranches (Patton).
  • July 31st:

August

(La first city French released by the French, is Ajaccio on September 8th, 1943. )
  • August 16th:
    • Release of Orleans.
    • Release of Draguignan following the unloading in Provence.
    • Paris: 35 resistant shot
  • August 17th:
    • Patton with Dreux.
    • Departure of the last train of deportees of Drancy.
  • August 18th: Pierre Laval settles with Belfort, with more close to Germany. Pétain refuses to operate such a fold.
  • August 19th:
    • Patton with Mantes.
    • Beginning of the insurrection of Paris. With the approach of the tanks of George Patton, engagements burst in Paris. The general De Gaulle, which one recognizes right now like the chief of the French, sends the the 2nd division armor-plated of the general Leclerc to support the Parisian insurrection for the Libération of Paris (19 August 25th).
  • August 20th: Pétain, stopped by the Germans, is taken along to Belfort. It is transferred in Germany, with Sigmaringen, with Pierre Laval the September 7th.
  • August 21st: Surrounding of Toulon by the French troops.
  • August 22nd: Release of Toulon.
  • August 23rd: Release of Marseilles.
  • 24 - August 25th: Release of Paris. With the consent of the Americans, the 2nd dB of Leclerc takes the control of the capital where the insurrection began again after a truce. German rendering is signed the afternoon of August 25th. A few hours later, De Gaulle enters the city.

September

  • De Gaulle accomplishes as of September voyages in province to affirm the authority of the Provisional government.

October

  • October 1st: Pétain and Laval are transferred by the Germans to Sigmaringen.
  • October 5th: An ordinance of GPRF gives the right to vote with the women.
  • October 16th: The Flotilla Normandy-Normandy sign 29 victories approved during this only day and does not record in same time any loss.
  • October 20th: Death sentence of Pierre Laval.
  • October 28th:
    • Dissolution of the patriotic Militia.
    • One institutes near the “courses special of justice” of the “civic rooms” charged to pronounce sorrows of national unworthiness (deprivation of civil rights).
  • October 23rd: The Great Britain, the the United States and the Soviet Union recognize the provisional government.
  • October 28th: Dissolution of the patriotic militia. The Communists protest and reconstitute the militia under another name.

November

  • François Mitterrand founds UDSR (democratic and socialist Union of Resistance), a party of center-left which will take part in the capacity under the IVe République.

  • Reconstitution of the SFIO, which excludes two from its members who voted the full powerss with Pétain in July 1940 ( November) and from the Parti radical socialist ( December).

December

Internal bonds

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