1942

This page relates to the year 1942 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Second world war

In the first six months of the year, after the entry in war of the United States, ten German submarines, operative in the sector of the the Caribbean, run 114 combined ships, that is to say more than the tonnage run in Atlantic-North by totality of the navy of German war during the same period.

Other events

Europe

  • Optimum of the autumnal temperatures in Central Europe (1942 - 1951).

  • January 20th: Conference of Wannsee which brings together the senior officials under the presidency of Reinhard Heydrich. It is decided to set up the “Final solution of the Jewish question”, i.e. the systematic elimination of the Jewish population.

  • : The national-Socialist Vidkun Quisling is named Prime Minister in Norway by the police chief of Reich.
  • March 9th: The Prime Minister László Bárdossy is dismissed by the regent in Hungary under the influence of the preserving mediums. Its successor Miklós Kállay continues military collaboration with the Germany and gives his agreement to the recruitment of new German quotas of Hungary for the Waffen-SS. After the rout of Rommel to El-Alamein and the unloading Combined in Africa ( November), Kállay considers the formation of a neutral block in the Balkans under the Turkish aegis. It declines the German complaints concerning the “solution” with the Jewish problem by deportation and selects diplomats operations managers secret at neutral States to contact the Anglo-American ones.
  • May 16th: Beginning of the massive gazages in the death camp of Sobidor in Poland.
  • May 27th: Assassination of the Reichsprotektor of Bohemia - Moravie Reinhard Heydrich by the Czech Resistance.
  • June 10th: In reprisals with the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the village of Lidice is shaved, the killed men and the women off-set, the children killed or placed in “rehabilitation” in families of S.
  • July 1st: Fall of Sébastopol at the end of several offensives launched by the Germans since spring.
  • July 5th: The Germans reach the Don. Soviet beats a retreat.
  • July 15th, Netherlands: departure of the first convoy of Jewish towards the concentration camp of Auschwitz.
  • July 22nd: Deportation of 300  000 Jews of the Ghetto of Warsaw towards the camps of died of Belsec and Treblinka.
  • July: A new Italian task force of 200  000 men arrives on the Russian face. It subirat of heavy losses.
  • 30 - August 31st: Dismantling in Germany of the resistance network Rote Kapelle (red Orchestra). Animated by the Communists, it provided information to the Soviet Union. Its members are carried out.
  • August 20th: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad. The German offensive is stopped (end in January 1943).
  • September 6th: The German and Rumanian troops take the naval base of Novorossiisk on the Black Sea.
  • October 6th: Institution of the obligatory work in Belgium.
  • October 9th: The political function of police chief to the armies is removed in Soviet Union. The military command is allocated thus to the officers.

  • Hungary: 200  000 Hungarian soldiers are on the face in Ukraine and on the Don, with 50  000 Jewish “auxiliaries” without weapons and equipment of winter. More 20  000 will be killed.
  • Yugoslavia: The partisans of Tito, driven back by a German offensive in the area of Bihac, in Bosnia-Herzégovine, found the Council antifascist of national release (the AYNOS). The Serb royalists of Draza Mihailovic, (Tchetniks), threatened, end up collaborating with the government pro-German of the general Nedic.
  • Romania: During the Battle of Stalingrad (September 1942 - February 1943), thirty committed Rumanian divisions undergo heavy losses. 300  000 men (killed, wounded, captive) are out of engagements. The Rumanian army appears unable to hold the Transnistrie where it is raised by the Wehrmacht. Inside, the forces condemning the war crystallize (parties liberal and peasant, Communist party, tallies of the hostile army to the Nazis). In November, the Union of the Patriots gathers the noncommunist antifascists. It publishes a clandestine newspaper, free Romania.

  • Report/ratio Beveridge on the social security with the the United Kingdom.

  • food Restrictions in Italy: the ordinary ration of bread is fixed at 150 grams per day (250 for the workers) and the established semi-annual ration of potatoes with fifteen kilo by people. The Italian agricultural production crumbles and the caloric intake of the Italians reaches 50% of those of the Germans in 1942.
  • Strike movement with Lisbon, quickly repressed (1942 and 1943).
  • Died of the Portuguese Communist leader Bento António Gonçalves with the bagne of Tarrafal.

Spain

  • July 17th: Creation of the advisory Cortes.
  • September: Ramón Serrano Súñer, minister pro-German of the foreign affairs is replaced by the general Jordana, anglophile and hostile with the Phalange.

  • December 4th: Declaration of Anthony Eden, British Minister for the foreign affairs, who guarantees officially international non-intervention in the interior matters of the Spain.

  • Institution of a mode of tenant farming favorable to the peasants.

France

See also: 1942 in France

Africa

  • January 13rd: Death in prison of Andre-Grenard Matsoua, founder in France in 1926 of the Friendly Association of Originating in AEF. The Lari, formation ethnic in which it was originating, continue to venerate its memory and continue its action in Means-Congo.
  • British Blockade of Madagascar.
    • May 5th: British unloading with Diégo-Suarez.
    • September 10th: Attacks British against the island after the failure of the negotiations with the authorities Frenchwoman faithful to Vichy.
    • September 14th: Unloading anglo-south-African with Majunga.
    • September 17th: The Vichy government rejects the conditions of cease-fire proposed by the British.
    • September 23rd: The British occupy the capital and install a military government.
    • November 5th: Madagascar capitulates. The Allies find Madagascar at the edge of economic asphyxiation.

  • December 7th: Total rallying of AOF to the “free France”.

    • After its rallying, Pierre Boisson follows in AOF a policy of intensification of the agricultural production, intended to supply the Alliés troops.

  • Beginning of the worship of Deima in West Africa.

  • Revolt of the followers of the Kitawala in Uganda.
  • Growth of the mining production to the Belgian Congo (Copper and Uranium) and in Angola.

The Maghreb

  • October 23rd: Second battle of El Alamein. British VIIIe armed, ordered by the general Montgomery, lance a great offensive which starts with an intense artillery bombardment and is based on a strong superiority armament manpower. It will be one of the decisive engagement of the conflict. In the night of the 3 to the November 4th, the troops of Rommel must be folded up.
  • October 24th: A gigantic convoy leaves the the United States to go in the Mediterranean and to take part in the unloading combined in North Africa.
  • November 8th: Operation Torch: Anglo-American unloadings with the Morocco and in Algeria, under the high command of the general Eisenhower. The marshal Pétain orders with the French troops to resist. France breaks the diplomatic relations with the United States. * The November 9th, the admiral Darlan orders a suspension of fighting to Algiers. The November 10th, it orders with the French forces Algérie to cease fire. He states to take authority on North Africa in the name of the marshal, who it against at once. He is deposed of “any public office and any military command” the November 16th.
  • November 12th: The Allies unload in Tunisia.
  • November 22nd: Agreements Clark - Darlan, which organizes the distribution of the political powers and soldiers in North Africa.
  • the December 4th, Darlan constitutes the Council of Empire. He is assassinated the December 24th by a young royalist, Fernand Bonnier of the Vault. The general Giraud succeeds to him the head of the Council of Empire.

The Middle East & Arab world

  • January - February, Egypt: The Great Britain request that the Egypt breaks its diplomatic relations with the Régime of Vichy. The king refuses but the government yields. In February, he resigns after a conflict with the Palate. The British make pressure for the formation of a government wafdist around Nahha Pasha, but the king opposes it. The February 4th, the British army encircles the royal palace and obliges Farouk Ier to yield. The Egyptian army is revolted against the backing of the capacity. From this bitterness is born the movement from the “free Officers” which preaches the fight against the British and the reinforcement of monarchy.
  • February 12th: The radical Zionist Abraham Stern, chief of a group of armed struggle against the British (Stern Group or Lehi), and killed by the English police force. Menahem Begin takes the head of the movement and revival the armed struggle in 1944.
  • April 28th: The Prime Minister for the Iraq Rashid Ali obtains a secret agreement with the powers of the Axis in favor of independence of the Arab countries and against the national hearth Juif.
Then with the capacity with the British support, Nuri Its' id tries to advance the projects of Arab unit. It support the idea of a union enters Syria and Iraq (project of the fertile Crescent), while benefitting from the decline of France in its Mandates. These calls receive a certain echo in the towns of Syria of North.
  • May 11th: Meeting with the Biltmore hotel of New York of the American organizations Zionists which adopt a program in particular envisaging the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine.
  • In October, the king Farouk Ier returns the government Wafd ist and calls with the capacity of the members of the liberal minority parties, directed by Ahmad Maher.
  • In November, after the unloading combined in North Africa, Berlin publicly states to engage in favor of Arab independence.
  • November 28th: The Mufti of Jerusalem meets Hitler in Germany. He proposes with the Germany a military cooperation and policy (creation of an Arab legion). Hitler is said opposite to the national Hearth Juif in Palestine and evokes with words covered the extension of the final solution out of Europe. He promises a material aid with the Arab but excluded any military intervention with the the Middle East, his priority being the face of the East. He does not want to engage on the Syria and the Lebanon of fear to reinforce the resistance movements in France.
    • In spite of the repeated calls of the mufti, the Arabs of Palestine refuse to revolt against the British presence and from 1942 the nationalists remained on the spot turn to the United States.

Asia

  • January 2nd: The Japan board enter Manila, abandoned as of December 1941 by the American troops of the general MacArthur.
  • January 11th - March 7th: The Japanese invade and occupy the Indonesia.
  • January 19th: The Japanese invade the Burma and install a nationalist government there.
  • January 25th: The Thailand declares the war with the the United States and the the United Kingdom.
  • February 15th: The troops of the Japanese general Yamashita Tomuyoki take Singapore and constraining 30  000 British with rendering. Palembang falls and the Dutch fleet is put out of combat.
  • February 26th: Catastrophe in the coal mine of Honkeika in China; 1  549 dead.
  • February 28th: The general Mitoshi Imamura unloads troops with Java.
  • March 9th: The allied forces capitulate without condition with Bandung (the Dutchmen refused the offer of the nationalists to constitute militia to take part in the defense of the archipelago indonésien).
  • March 17th: The nationalist leader indonésien Ahmed Soekarno, imprisoned for two years, has been released by the Japanese.
  • 24 - March 30th: Battle of Taungû between Chinese and Japanese in Burma.
  • At the end of March, the Japanese occupy Ambon (Indonesia).
  • April 7th: The last allied forces give up the combat with Sumatra. The administrator Van Mook only succeeds in being maintained in New Guinea.
  • As of April, the Japanese try to form an organization of mass, the Mouvement of the three has (Japan leader of Asia, guard of Asia, light of Asia). It is a fast and total failure.
  • May 5th: The Japanese unload in the island of Corregidor, with the Filipino . The following day, the American and Filipino troops capitulate.
  • July 21st: The Japanese invade the New Guinea and arrive at 56 km of Port Moresby. They occupy part of the country until a counter-attack of the the United States and Australia do not drive out them with the end of the year.
  • October: Commission made up to equip the language indonésienne with a grammar and to associate with the usual vocabulary a technical and scientific terminology with the language indonésienne. The prohibition of Dutch supports progress of the use of this language.
  • December 6th: The queen Wilhelmine of the Netherlands declares that it is necessary to be directed “towards the idea of a community between the Netherlands, the Indonesia, Surinam and Curaçao (…) with freedom for each one in the interior matters”.
  • 17 - September 27th: The Australian ones block a Japanese terrestrial threat towards Port Moresby in New Guinea.

  • Indonesia:

    • Initially accommodated as liberators, the Japanese alienate the population by requisitioning hundreds of thousands of workmen, the romushas , of which much perishes of malnutrition and exhaustion. They accumulate stocks of goods and foodstuffs which they pay in currency occupation. The Dutch government with London announces that after the evacuation of the country a Roundtable would be organized to develop the reforms necessary overseas.
    • the Japanese support the plantations of tree with Quinquina, introduce the Soja to export it towards Japan and maintain the production of Tabac. The plantations of Canne to sugar are abandoned (the production fall from 1  400  000 tons in 1938 with 84  000 in 1945), the plantations of Hévéa are reduced of 600  000 ha with 250  000, plantations of the of the third.
  • First university indonésienne created with Jogjakarta.
  • the Japan, which occupies 1% of the world ground, counts approximately 5% of the world population.

India

  • April: Churchill sends Sir Stafford Cripps to propose with the Parti of the Congress and the Moslem Ligue a statute of Dominion at the end of the war if India coopérait. The Congress refuses, adopts a resolution of not-co-operation and proclaims civil disobedience (August 8th).
  • July 14th: The Quit India Resolution request with the British to immediately give to the Indians the government of their country.
  • August 9th: The British government declares the illegal Congrès, imprisons all its chiefs (whose Gandhi and Nehru) and adopts severe control measures. The popular rising which results from it is repressed in a very firm way.
  • October 16th: Typhoon in India; 40  000 dead.

  • Legalization of the Indian Communist party. It takes the control of the trade unions ( kisan sabha ) student and working while the chiefs of the Congress are in prison.

  • the British set up a true saving in war which will have disastrous effects.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • 1 {{er}} - May 8th: air and sea Battle of the Coral Sea. In spite of losses heavier than those of the enemy, the Americans succeeded in moving away the threat from a Japanese unloading in Australia.
  • May 29th: Development in Australia of the first model of the CA-12 Boomerang, comparable with the Japanese apparatuses for its tactical possibilities. It at summer built in the urgency (5 months), whereas Australia feared a Japanese invasion.
  • 3 - June 7th: The Japanese fleet is beaten by the American forces at the time of the battles decisive of Midway in the North-West of Hawaii.
  • August 7th: The American navy unloads with Guadalcanal for the first of the unloadings against the Japanese in the Pacifique. Hard combat continued during several months in the jungle of Guadalcanal, until the evacuation of the Japanese in February 1943.

Americas

Canada

  • February: Richard Hanson, chief of the conservative party, claims the immediate conscription.
  • April 27th: Bound by its engagements, Mackenzie King announces the behavior of a plebiscite: 63,7% of the Canadians approve the conscription, but 71,2% of the Inhabitants of Quebec are opposed to it. The debate allows the blossoming the Quebec of extreme nationalist movements and anti-British (Leagues for the defense of Canada, Bloc Popular), shown treason and complicities fascist by the Canada English.
  • August 18th: Unloading of Dieppe. 6  100 soldiers (of which 4  963 Canadians) embark for Dieppe. The operation fails. 2  753 Canadians are killed, 2  210 return in England (of which 617 are wounded).
  • September 8th: Maxime Raymond (appointed Beauharnois) founds the Canadian popular Bloc, the party of the Québécois opponents to the conscription with Ottawa, and André Laurendeau becomes the secretary about it.
  • November 9th: A German submarine is intercepted close to New Carlisle.

The United States

  • January 1st: Declaration of the 26 “the United Nations” against the Nazis. It mentions the equal access to the raw materials at the end of the conflict.
  • January 6th: Roosevelt request with the Congress the vote of the appropriations allowing the launching of the “Victory Program” which envisages a very important increase in the production of armament.
  • January 13rd: Henry Ford obtains the patent of the automobile first built with certain plastic parts. The weight of the car is of 30% lower than that of the other of the same vehicles category.
  • January: Installation of the War Production Board in charge of the harmonization of the production. Introduction of a partnership “State-employers-trade unions” by the creation of a National War Ploughing Board .
  • February 9th: Set fire to steamer Normandy in the port of New York.
  • February 24th: First day of emission for the American radio station international Voice off America.
  • February: Executive decree 9066 giving to the army the capacity to stop without mandate the Americans of Japanese origin. Internment of 110  000 Japanese on the west coast of the the United States.
  • April: The Office off Price Administration freezes the prices and the rents and founds the rationing of certain products (04).
  • October 3rd: First successful launch of a ballistic rocket: the stratospheric rocket V2 of Wernher von Braun.
  • November 28th: Set fire to with Boston of a night club; 491 dead.

Latin America

  • May 22nd: The Mexican Congress declares the war with the Japan, the Italy and the Germany.
  • In June, the Mexico sign the declaration of UNO, and a complete military cooperation with the United States takes effect in 1943. A squadron of fighter is sent in the Pacific.
  • July 8th, Costa Rica: Jose Figueres Ferrer addresses to the president Calderón at the time of a speech broadcast of violent critics on his policies social and its tender with the the United States. The speech is stopped by the censure and Figueres must be exiled with the Mexico, which makes a martyr of it. During its exile, it meets many refugees of Central America and the Caribbean and founds a project of releases of the dictatorial countries under mode.
  • August 7th: Alfonso López Pumarejo is elected President de Colombie at the time of elections sullied with violences and frauds (end in 1945). It must face a wild opposition as well conservatives as of its liberal friends, of which populist the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán.
  • August 22nd: The Brésil declares the war with the Germany and the Italy. It is the only country of Latin America to send troops in Europe ( December).

  • Pact signed between the Mexican government and CTM, urging the Confederation not to be organized of strike during the war.

  • With the meeting of consultation of Rio de Janeiro, the United States requires of Latin-American to break their diplomatic relations and commercial with the forces of the Axis and an inter-American junta of defense is created.

Chronologies sets of themes

Arts & culture

See also: 1942 with the cinema, 1942 in music, 1942 in literature, 1942 with the theater, 1942 as a cartoon, 1942 on television

Science and Technology

1942 in science

Aeronautics

1942 in aeronautics

Railroads

1942 in the railroads

Sport

1942 in sport

Painting

  • January 1st: First exposure Mondrian to New York.
  • March 3rd: Exposure Artists in exile to New York, with Breton, Chagall, Ernst, Leger, Lipchitz, Masson, Matta, Mondrian, Tanguy and Zadkine.
  • July: The German authorities make close in Paris an exposure Kandinsky, which after having left the Nazi Germany, must take refuge in the the Pyrenees.
  • October 20th: Opening to New York of the gallery Art off this Century .
  • Salvador Dali, exiled in the the United States, publishes its autobiography the secret life of Salvador Dali .
  • Edward Hopper paints her Night-birds .

Births in 1942

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

to also see: : Category: Birth in 1942

Death in 1942

Beats-smg: 1942 Be-X-old: 1942 Map-bms: 1942 Simple: 1942 Zh-yue: 1942 年

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