1941

This page relates to the year 1941 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Second world war

Europe

* July: Beginning of the systematic deportation of the Jews with the Netherlands (end in September 1943). 100  000 Dutch Jews (on 140  000) will disappear in the camps from death.
  • September 1st: In Germany, all the Juifs of more than six years will have to carry a yellow star.
  • November 23rd: With Auschwitz, first use of the gas chambers to kill out of the Jewish .
  • December 8th: The Great Britain declares the war with the Japan.
  • December 11th: The Germany and the Italy declare the war with the the United States.
  • December: Duce tries to carry out a “changing” of the former leaders of the party facist by young people: Vidussoni, 26 years, is named with the head of PNF.

  • Construction with the the United States of the first Liberty ship , ship of transport intended to supply the continental England and allies.

  • the United Kingdom: Installation of the “ system Utility ”, which rations and standardizes all the commercial equipment, of clothing at furniture (1941 - 1942).
  • Italy: To make up the deficit growing of the budget of the State, the taxes multiply. Lack of raw materials led to the requisition and regulation of strategic materials (copper, iron, nickel, tin). The use of paper and the consumption of electricity are limited. After the opening of the Eastern face, Hitler sends neither material any more, neither fuel, nor men in Italy (at the end of 1941).
  • Portugal: Law of Salazar limiting the investments foreigner.

Central Europe & Balkans

  • January 21st, Romania: To protest against the Rumanian Minister of Interior Department, considered to be too weak, the legionaries occupy the barracks and the police stations of Bucharest. They torture and massacre more than 350 personalities, of which many Juifs. The January 22nd, Conducator Ion Antonescu gives the order to the army to enter in action with the assistance of the Wehrmacht. The legionaries are massacred. Horia Sima and some survivors takes refuge in Germany. The January 23rd, the national State legionary is removed and the Romania becomes an authoritarian regime nationalist and collaborating with Reich.
  • February 26th: The Hungary sign a treaty of eternal friendship with the Yugoslavia with Belgrade.
  • March 1st: The Bulgaria lines up at the sides of IIIe Reich. German troops will cross as of the following day the territory to move towards the Greece.
  • March 7th: 50  000 British, Australian and New Zealand soldiers land in Greece to support the country threatened by the Germans
  • March 25th: In Yugoslavia, the regent gives his agreement to adhesion with the tripartite pact with Germany, the Italy and the Japan. The reward must be Salonique, once the Greece dismembered.
  • the March 27th, with Belgrade, a military putsch anti-German, directed by the Simovic general, denounces the pact with the Axis, makes stop the ministers and exile the regent Paul. Pierre II seizes the power. Hitler decides the invasion of Yugoslavia and invites Horthy to join the attack.
  • March 28th: The naval victory of the British in the south of the Peloponnese definitively puts out of combat the Italian navy.
  • April 3rd: The Hungarian Prime Minister Pál Teleki, torn between the rupture with London or the Germany, commits suicide. Government of László Bárdossy in Hungary (end in 1942).
  • April 4th:
    • the German armies invade the Yugoslavia after having practically striped Belgrade of the chart by a massive bombardment.
    • the Germans make the conquest of the Greece.
  • April 15th - May 5th: Burden with the minors of the valley of the Jiu in Romania.
  • April 10th:
    • Slavko Kvaternik founds a independent Croatia and pro-fascist, increased Bosnia-Herzégovine, with for Poglavnik ( führer ) Ante Pavelić supported by the Oustachis.
    • Josip Broz known as Tito becomes the Croatian chief of the communist resistance in Yugoslavia.
  • April 11th, Yugoslavia: The Hungarian army occupies the Bácska, the triangle of Baranya and river Mura spaces it. A few months after, it is devoted to atrocities against Serbes and Jewish.
  • April 17th: The Yugoslav army capitulates and of tens of Yugoslav thousands of soldiers enter clandestinity. The kingdom is dismembered. The Italy obtains the Dalmatie, part of the Slovenia and the Montenegro. The Germany takes the remainder of the Slovenia, the Hungary the west of the Serb province of Voïvodine and the Bulgaria the major part of the Macedonia. The Germans install a government of collaborators in Serbia under the authority of the general Milan Nedić.
  • April 27th: Athens is occupied by German troops. The German flag floats on the Acropole. Georges II of Greece and its government leaves Athens for Cairo. Greek resistance fights against the German occupant (1941 - 1944).
  • June 22nd: The Romania enters in war against the Soviet Union.
  • June 27th: In spite of the message of Molotov ensuring it of the nonhostile intentions of the Soviet Union in its connection, and following the bombardment of Kassa (Košice) by not identified planes, Hungary declares the war in the Soviet Union.
  • July 7th: Resistance of the tchetniks (royalist Serb) under the direction of the general Draza Mihailovic. The partisans launch their first attack against the Germans.
  • July 8th: The Yugoslavia is dissolved by the Axis.
  • August: Extermination campaign of Serb by the Croatian nationalists.
  • July 18th: The Rumanian troops re-occupy the Bessarabia and the Bucovine.
  • the August 14th, 15 divisions Rumanian pass the Dniestr and take part in the catch of Odessa at the sides of Reich (October 16th). 70.000 Roumanians are killed or wounded.
  • December 7th: The the United Kingdom declares the war with the Romania.
  • December 27th, Greece: Creation of the EAM, Do it national release, controlled by the Communists and competitor of a resistance movement rested by soldiers, the EDES.
  • December 13rd: The Hungary declares the war with the the United States.

  • Third antijuive law in Hungary.

  • Of the hundreds of thousands of Czechs is sent in the German factories as from 1941.

Poland, Baltic States & Russia

  • February 12th: The general Joukov becomes chief of staff of the Red Army .
  • March 30th: Adolf Hitler declares with its generals that the war in the East will be a war of extermination.
  • April 13rd: Pact of five years neutrality signed between the USSR and Japan.
  • May 21st: Richard Sorge, German journalist with Tokyo and Soviet spy, prevents Stalin imminence of the attack of the USSR but Stalin refuses to believe in it.
  • June 22nd: Release of the Operation Barbarossa.
    • Germany invades the Soviet Union at dawn. The Roumanians, combined in Germany, invade the Moldavie (1941-1944). The Finland, the Hungary, the Albania and other satellites of the Axis declare the war in the Soviet Union.
    • Churchill and Stalin signs a treaty of alliance urging their two countries to fight together until the victory over the Nazism. The United Kingdom and the United States extend the material aid to the Soviet Union. The supplementary programme American, called law lease-lend, provided to the USSR 12 billion dollars out of equipment and food.
    • anti-Soviet Risings in Lithuania following the invasion of the USSR by Germany. The Soviets withdraw themselves from Lithuania. The Germans invade and plunder the country, and eliminate more 200  000 people when a resistance movement main road develops.
    • the Soviet Poland, the Latvia, the Estonia and the Lithuania are occupied by Germany of June 1941 to 1945. After the German attack against the Soviet Union, a military agreement between the Polish government in exile and Stalin leads to the formation of a new Polish army recruited among the prisoners of war of the Soviets.
  • July 1st: Catch of Rīga by the German troops.
  • July 10th: Beginning of the battles of Smolensk (fine the September 10th).
  • July: Mussolini sends 60  000 Italians on the Russian face under the command of the Messe general, who will be decimated by the Red Army and the cold.
  • August 7th: Stalin is named commander-in-chief of the Soviet forces. During the end of the summer and autumn 1941, the Germans are inserted deeply in Soviet Union, attacking Leningrad, Moscow and the Ukraine. Whereas the Red Army staggers under the attacks of the German armies, Stalin makes titanic efforts to withdraw the factories and the workmen with the progression of the invader and reinstalls them in the the Ural. What cannot be moved is mainly destroyed according to the scorched earth policy.
  • August 15th: The Germans make control on the Ukraine.
  • September 8th: Leningrad is encircled.
  • September 15th: The seat of Leningrad starts. The city is besieged until January 1944 and the losses will exceed 1  there; 250  000 people.
  • September 19th: Kiev is taken. The Germans seize the Ukraine until the the Volga in the hope to cut Moscow and Leningrad of the the Caucasus and Asia of South-west.
  • September 29th: Execution of 35  000 Jews with Babi Yar, in Ukraine, reprisals of an act of sabotage.
  • October 2nd: Battle of Moscow. The German troops advance on Moscow.
  • October 16th: Odessa is taken by the German and Rumanian troops.

  • October 27th: The Rumanian army massacres the Jews of Odessa

  • December - January: Soviet counter-offensive during the winter.
  • December 5th: The German advance on Moscow is stopped by the Red Army .

France

See also: 1941 in France

Spain

  • 230 000 people are held (normally 10  000).

  • the Spanish Phalange is dispossession of the ministry for Information.
  • the the Vatican restores the right of patronage together with a “oath of fidelity at the Spanish State” lent by the new bishops.
  • Prohibition of the Divorce, obligatory church wedding.
  • Creation of the industrial National institute (INI) to start again the economy in autarky.

Africa

  • January: Entry of the troops Combined in Ethiopia.

  • January 12th: Catch of Tobrouk by the British troops and Australia
  • February 7th: The Cyrénaïque passes under British control.
  • February 12th: The Afrikakorps of Rommel advances towards Tripoli.
  • February 25th: Mogadiscio, in Italian Somalia is taken by British forces
  • March 2nd: The Free French Army of the colonel Leclerc seizes the oasis of Koufra. They lend oath to continue the fight until the total release of the French territory, Alsace-Lorraine included/understood.
  • March 7th: The conquest of the Italian Somalia by the British is completed. As of the March 23rd, they take again the control of British Somalia.
  • March 31st: Against German offensive carried out by Rommel in Libya. The British dismantle their face in spring to carry help to the Greeks and the Yugoslavians.
  • April 4th: The troops of Rommel take again Benghazi.
  • April 5th: Catch of Addis-Abeba by the Allies.
  • April 11th: Beginning of the seat of Tobrouk by the Afrika Korps.
  • April 29th: The Afrikakorps reaches the Egyptian border where its offensive is contained by the British. German aviation manages to make unusable the Suez Canal.
  • April:
    • Hailé Sélassié leaves London for Khartoum. It sends emissary in Ethiopia to diffuse its proclamations.
    • the Italian troops in Eastern Africa, under the command of the duke of Aoste, go to the British.
  • May 5th: The British return to Hailé Sélassié its capital, Addis-Abeba, which it invests with the head of the “ Gideon Force ”, made up of Ethiopian refugees to the Sudan.
  • May 19th: The Italian army of Amba Alagi capitulates in Ethiopia vis-a-vis the British. The Italian empire of Eastern Africa is definitively lost. Occupation of the Érythrée by the British after the defeat of the Italian fascists (end in 1952).
  • October 18th: Important British offensive in Cyrénaïque directed by the general Cunningham.
  • November 26th: End of the seat of Tobrouk by the Afrika Korps.
  • December 10th: The British break the seat of Tobrouk and oblige Afrikakorps to withdraw themselves towards Egypt.

  • Brazzaville, capital of the “free France”.

  • Attacks anglo-gaullists of Dakar.
  • Reorganization of the the Council of the African businesses (CAA) with New York. The group undertakes various actions: gathering and meeting starting from 1942, meets with Roosevelt, publication of the monthly magazine New Africa , petitions presented to the Republican parties and Démocrates. The CAA condemns colonization as well economic as political and requires of the the United States to fill its duties towards the oppressed people.
  • Creation in New York of the ASA (Association of the African students) under the impulse of Kingsley Ozuomba Mbadiwe by students come from Gold Coast, Uganda and Nigeria. The ASA denounces colonialism and claims the application of the Charter of the Atlantic within the British empire.
  • Birth of the Convention People' S Party (CP) of a dissidence of the UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention), directed by Kwame Nkrumah. It support on a more radical basis primarily made up of the various youth movements of the territory gathered within the CYO ( Commitee off Youth Organization ).
  • Creation of the Cameroons Youth League .
  • Strikes in Gold Coast (1941-1942).
  • Rising with Luluabourg with the Belgian Congo.
  • Famine with the Tanganyika (1941 - 1944).

The Middle East and Arab world

  • , Iraq: The British obtain returns it Rashid Ali Al-Kaylani by the regent, replaced by Taha Al-Hashimi. This last tries to reduce the influence of the Arab nationalists in the army but is reversed.
  • April 1st, Coup d'etat panarabic in Iraq: The regent and Nuri have-Said flees and Rashid Ali, supported by L “Germany and the officers, is recalled to the capacity (fine the May 29th). The British and the Americans refuse to recognize the new capacity. London unloads troops with Al Basra.
  • the April 30th, the Iraqi army puts the seat in front of the air base of Habbaniyya, close to Baghdad. British aviation bombards the Iraqi lines while a force of help is setting-up in Palestine. It crosses the Iraq and manages to release Habbaniyya.
  • April: Roosevelt accepts that part of the American assistance granted to Great Britain is sent to the the Middle East.
  • May 29th: In Iraq, the British forces reverse Rachid Ali and occupy Baghdad
  • the May 31st, Rashid Ali flees in Iran and the Iraqi army signs an armistice. The British make their entry in Baghdad. Riots burst and are caught some primarily at the Jewish community of the city. The Germans tried to use the French aerodromes of Raising to carry help to the Iraqi insurrectionists, but too late. Iraq remains under the military mode of occupation until in 1945.
  • May: Germany sends planes and military advisers to Alep with the agreement of François Darlan which signs the protocols of Paris.
  • June 2nd: Jamil Al-Midfai form a new government in Iraq and limit political purification (end the October 10th).
  • June 8th: Operation To export. The British, supported by the Free French Army (Legentilhomme), enter in Syria and progress quickly in spite of the unforeseen resistance of the army of Raising. The government supported by Vichy is reversed
  • In June, an American mission of 20  000 men directed by Averell Harriman goes in the Gulf to set up a “Persan corridor” to supply the Soviet Union oil of the Middle East.
  • July 14th: An armistice is signed with Saint-Jean-in Acre between the British and the Vichy government. It envisages the occupation of the Syria by the British and the free French Forces, the repatriation of the French prisoners and the delivery of French air fleet to the British. De Gaulle is isolated negotiations.
  • July 25th: Agreements De Gaulle - Lyttelton which recognizes French preeminence with Raising and grants to free France certain military capacities in this area.
  • August 25th: The Soviet and British troops invade the Iran which had refused to line up behind the Allies.
  • September 16th: The shah Reza Pahlavi abdicates in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
  • September 16th: The Alliées troops reach Teheran.
  • September 27th: The general Georges Catroux proclaims the independence of the Syria. Calling upon the needs for the war, it maintains a policy autoritarist in Syria and with the Lebanon. It calls Aldine Tajj to form a Syrian government and a Lebanese government is maintained with a president Maronite Alfred Naccache, but the Constitution is suspended.
  • October 10th: Nuri have-Said succeeds Jamil Al-Midfai like Prime Minister of Iraq and carries out a severe repression. The nationalist military chiefs captive of the British are given to him and condemned to died and are carried out.

  • Kim Philby, adventurous British having served the emir Abdallah in the Années 1920 suggests that Great Britain supports a confederation of the the Middle East directed by Abdelaziz Ibn Sa' ud and integrated into the the Commonwealth. Against 20 million pounds sterling, Ibn Its' ud would accept the transfer of the Palestinian Arabs on the grounds of its kingdom. The State Juif created would be integrated into the Arab federation. The chief of the British, Anthony Eden, hostile diplomacy in this plan, pronounces the May 29th a speech in which he declares himself favorable to the Arab unit. Churchill is constrained to give up its supports in the Philby plan.

  • Egypt: In spring, whereas the Great Britain is in a political situation and critical soldier, part of the Egyptian political community contacts Rome (Ali Maher) and Germany. The chief of dismissed staff vainly tries to contact the German troops. He is stopped, but had time to constitute a clandestine network officers, of which the young person Sadate, and members of the Muslim brothers which comes into contact with German spies. The network will be dismantled in of 1942. Farouk Ier also maintains the discussions with Germany via Ankara and Teheran.

  • Roosevelt decides to bring an financial aid to the Saudi Arabia to maintain the country in the allied camp. The military presence and American logistics reinforce the relations with Abdelaziz Ibn Sa' ud. The American experts become aware of the strategic role of Saudi Arabia in the worldwide economy.

Asia & India

  • January: War free-inhabitant of Thailand. The troops inhabitants of Thailand enter to the Kampuchea.
  • January 17th: The French division of the Far East runs a good portion of the fleet inhabitant of Thailand off the island of Koh Chang.
  • January 31st: The disagreement between the France of Vichy and the Thailand is solved with the mediation of the Japan.
  • April 24th: The admiral Decoux, general governor of French Indo-China, imposes on the throne of Kampuchea Norodom Sihanouk (fine in 1955), while the Japan encourages the nationalist minority.
  • May 9th: Under free-inhabitant of Thailand agreement signed with Tokyo, the Thailand obtains 54  000 km ² of territory, including part of the Western Kampuchea (provinces of Battambang and Siem Reap, 1941-1946) and the totality of the area of the Laos located at the west of the Mekong.
  • May: In French Indo-China, creation of the Việt Minh (revolutionary League for the independence of Vietnam) by the Nguyen Communist militant Have Quoc, future Ho Chi Minh.
  • June: Parking of the Japanese troops in the south of the Indo-China.
  • July 26th: American embargo against Japan.
  • July 28th: Saigon is occupied by Japan.
  • September: Congress of the people Indonesia N with Jogjakarta. It organizes a permanent direction including/understanding of the members of GAPI, MIAI (Federation of Muslim organizations nonpolitical) and of PVNN (Federation of Civil servants' unions).
  • October 18th: The general Hideki Tōjō, in favor of the expansion and the confrontation with the the United States, becomes Prime Minister of Japan after having countered with the resignation the prince Fumimaro Konoe, attached to a civil government (fine in 1945).
  • November 26th: The the United States and the Japan project a Joint Declaration ensuring that “the two countries do not have any territorial aiming” in the Pacific.
  • December 7th: Japanese attacks of the American base of Pearl Harbor, on HongKong and the Filipino .
  • December 8th:
    • the United States and Great Britain declare the war in Japan. The USSR declares itself neutral.
    • the Indies Dutchwomen declare the war in Japan. The day before, the Japanese troops unloaded in the British part of Borneo and in the north of the peninsula of Malacca which is entirely occupied at the end of January 1942.
    • A few hours after the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, the government inhabitant of Thailand makes it possible the Japanese troops to cross the country to reach the Malayan border.
    • Japanese Unloading on the Malayan coast.
  • December:
    • the Burmese nationalist Aung San tries to conquer the independence of the Burma: the movement Thakin (“main”) form a Armed with independence of Burma (BIA) with the assistance of the Japanese, but this supports shows an occupation of the country (January 16th 1942 - 1945).
    • Singapore, the Malaysia, the Sarawak, and North Borneo are invaded by the Japanese. Advances Japanese until in Burma in the west, New Guinea in the south (1941 - 1942).

  • France attaches to the kingdom of Luang Prabang the area of Vientiane.

  • American Mission of Brooke Dolan and Ilya Tolstoy with the Tibet (1942 - 1943). Officially charged to negotiate with the government Tibetan the permission to make fly of the planes of weaponry above Tibet, she studies the possibility of building a road through Tibet.

Oceania & the Pacific

Americas

Canada

  • January: Manpower of the Canadian army count 125  000 men, of which 50  000 Inhabitants of Quebec.
  • January 29th: Inauguration of the factory “Bomber” with Valcourt with the Canada.
  • June 30th: Law 80 (“bill 80”) sanctions the promise of Mackenzie King not to have recourse to the conscription.
  • 1 {{er}} July: Coming into effect of the Canadian law of the Unemployment insurance.

The United States

  • January: Roosevelt proposes a legislation authorizing it to help “the government of any country” of which he will consider defense “vital for that of the United States”.
  • March 11th: The United States starts to practice the lease-lend with the Great Britain. The project requires of the British to release to the maximum their exchanges and those of the the Commonwealth after the war.
  • April 11th: Creation of the Office off Price Administration .
  • June 25th: Executive Order 8802: introduction of a “ Fair Employment Practice Committee ” charged to prohibit discrimination in the companies working for national defense.
  • July 26th:
    • the general Douglas MacArthur is named ordering American forces in the Far East.
    • Roosevelt freezes the Japanese capital deposited in the United States after the attack by Japan of the South of the Indo-China and extends the embargo to the product tankers.
  • August 14th: Conference of the Atlantic. At the end of a five days meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt with broad of Newfoundland is published a declaration known as Charte of the Atlantic (14/08). The principles will be included by it in the charter of UNO (self-determination and national independence).
  • November 7th: The Americans grant to the Soviets a credit of a million dollars.
  • November 11th: The United States grants to the free France the benefit of the law lease-lend.
  • December 7th: The Japanese attack surprised against the air and sea base of Pearl Harbor with Hawaii, which mainly destroys the American fleet of the Pacifique, causes the entry of the United States in the second world war (December 8th).
  • December 11th: The Germany and the Italy declare the war in the United States.
  • December 22nd: Conference of Arcadie. Meet Churchill and of Roosevelt to Washington where a combined staff will be installed and will have the supreme military authority. They agree on the priority to give to the war in Europe but are opposed on the strategy to adopt. Churchill is decided to refuse any offensive of scale before to have sufficiently weakened the enemy by attacks on the periphery, while the Americans recommend to directly open a second face in France (fine the January 14th 1942).
  • December: Dr. Win-tea-War replaces the Dr. New Deal . Strong increase in taxation. 4 million unemployed.

  • Via the secretary inside American, Harold Ickes, the tanker ARAMCO convinces Roosevelt to grant a lease-lend to the Saudi Arabia, thus establishing the American interests in this country.

  • the Supreme court attacks the political segregation by declaring unconstitutional the “white Primary educations” of the South (1941 - 1953).
  • under the lease-lend, the United States will provide more than 9 billion dollars weapons, ammunition and other goods with the Russia and more than 30 with the Great Britain.

Latin America

  • Armed conflict enters the Ecuador and the Peru until in 1942.

  • the repression of the strikes in the tin mines in Bolivia gives place to true massacres.
  • Roosevelt obtains a satisfactory allowance for the American oil companies nationalized with the Mexico in 1938.

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1941 with the cinema, 1941 in music, 1941 in literature, 1941 with the theater, 1941 as a cartoon, 1941 on television

Sciences & technology

1941 in science

Aeronautics

1941 in aeronautics

Railroads

1941 in the railroads

Sport

1941 in sport

Painting

In November, several French painters and sculptors (whose Kees Van Dongen, Maurice de Vlaminck, Andre Derain, Andre Dunoyer de Segonzac and Paul Belmondo) go in Germany for a voyage organized by the services of propaganda to Paris.

Bullfighting

July 27th: With alternative Valence (Spain), of Aurelio Puchol Aldas known as “Morenito of Valencia”, Spanish Matador.

Births in 1941

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Death in 1941

Beats-smg: 1941 Be-X-old: 1941 Map-bms: 1941 Roa-rup: 1941 Simple: 1941 Zh-yue: 1941 年

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