1912

This page relates to the year 1912 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • April 14th: against 23:45, the RMS Titanic runs up against an iceberg against 150 km against broad of Newfoundland.
  • April 15th: with 2:20, RMS Titanic runs.
    • At the time of its first crossing, of Southampton to New York, Titanic, the largest steamer of the world (269 m) appears to have to gain the blue Ruban. But it runs up against a Iceberg off Newfoundland. The block of ice breaks the prow, with starboard, in lower part of the water line. The double hold is torn on 90 Mr. In spite of the work of the pumps, the building runs in two hours and half. 2224 people were on board, but the lifeboats could accommodate only 1178 passengers. Only the women and the children are authorized to embark. 1513 people perish in ice-cold water.

Europe

  • January 12th: Socialist success with the elections with the Reichstag in Germany. The conservatives obtain only 163 seats for 197 with the progressists. Victoire of the social democrats: with 34,8% of the votes, it secure 110 seats. It is the party more represented. The shortly after the poll, the liberals, frightened by the socialist push, reject the idea of an alliance gathering all the reformers. The chancellor cannot find a majority likely to vote the reform projects.
  • February: Negotiations between the Germany and the Great Britain for the limitation of the naval armaments. Germany is laid out to limit its naval armament in exchange of the neutrality of London, which refuses. The negotiations are broken.
  • March 13rd: Creation of the Royal Flying Body with the the United Kingdom.
  • the April 10th, the government of Reich announces the vote of the new naval law.
  • May: General strike and riots with Budapest organized by the social democrats. Repression by the police force makes six dead, 182 wounded and 300 arrests.
  • May 14th: Beginning of the reign of Christian X of Denmark (fine in 1947).
  • November:
    • Berlin supports Vienna in the Balkan questions.
    • Law giving the Home Rule to the Ireland, executory in 1914 in spite of the opposition of the Lords. Threaten of civil war. The loyal supporters gather in the paramilitary association of the Volunteers of Ulster ( Ulster Volunteer Force ).
  • December: The Germany manages to make renew, by anticipation, the Triple Alliance.
  • December 8th: The Council of war in Germany: for Moltke and Guillaume II of Germany, the war is inevitable. Tirpitz wishes to wait to finish the underwater base of Heligoland. The chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, who did not take part in the council, imposes his point of view: to obtain English neutrality, to prepare economically and psychologically the Germany with the war.

  • Minimum wage guaranteed for the minors with the the United Kingdom.

  • Considerable increase of the military expenditure in Germany. The government does not manage to find the 750 billion marks necessary for the army and the navy.
  • Strike of the minors in Germany.
  • the company Krupp Ag employs 73  000 workmen and minors.
  • Success of the congress eucharistic in Austria. Adoption of two years the military service in Austria-Hungary.
  • Law of working insurance in Romania.

Balkans

Russia

Dates of the Calendar Julien
  • 5 - January 17th: Life conference of POSDR to Prague. Rupture between Bolsheviks and Mencheviks.
  • Mars: Blamed by Goutchkov at the Duma of the part which Raspoutine in the imperial entourage plays.
  • April 4th: Massacre Léna. Repression of a manifestation of the workmen of the gold mines of Siberia (270 dead).
  • April: First number of the daily newspaper Bolshevik Pravda (“ the Truth ”) with Saint-Pétersbourg. 40  000 specimens in 1913.
  • June: Lénine leaves Paris to settle in Galicie Autrichienne.
  • June 15th: Restoration of the district court abolished in 1889. The Juifs are excluded from it.
  • August: Trotski form with Vienna the “block of August”, attempt at reunification of the social democracy which fails.
  • Meeting of the 4th Duma. Reinforcement of the right-hand side, erosion of the center Octobriste.

  • Fastening with the Russia of the country of Kholm, in Poland.

France

See also: 1912 in France

Swiss

  • the Swiss Civil code between into force.
  • the German Emperor Guillaume II attends the operations of the Swiss army.
  • the canton of Schwytz interdict with the motorists to circulate Sunday.
  • Creation of the Foundation Pro Juventute.

Portugal

  • January: First general strike with the Portugal.
  • February: Scission of the Republican party in three rival parties: the democratic party, directed by Afonso Costa (1912 - 1917), at the center left. On its line, the evolutionary party of António Jose de Almeida and the unionistic party of Brito Camacho.

  • the accounts of the state are balanced (1912 and 1913).

  • Creation of the free universities and the popular universities with Lisbon and Oporto.

Italy

  • March 14th: An anarchistic mason, Antonio D' Alba, car on the king Victor-Emmanuel III without reaching it whereas it goes to the the Pantheon of Rome. Three socialist deputies - Bissolati, Cabrini, Bonomi - congratulate the king.
  • June 30th: Electoral law instituting the male vote for all. 52 Socialists and 33 catholics enter to the Parliament in 1913.
  • 7 - October 10th: XIIIe socialist congress with Reggio Emilia. Benito Mussolini highly attacks the deputies reformists who congratulated the king. The Congress decides their expulsion.
  • February 1st: Costantino Lazzari becomes the chief of the Italian Socialist party and the Avanti! is entrusted to Mussolini.

  • Appearance of nationalist movements inspired by Oriani and Enrico Corradini. Creation of Italian nationalist Association and its body the Idea Nazionale (1911). With Florence, Giovanni Papini and Giuseppe Prezzolini create a nationalist newspaper, Voce .

Africa

  • Railway lines Lagos - Kano and Abidjan - Bouaké.

  • Hanging of Rudolf Duala Manga with the Cameroun, followed several executions.
  • Creation of the Left the Young Senegaleses .
  • Decree imposing the conscription in the French colonies.
  • Creation of a Service of Teaching in AOF, directed by the general governor, assisted of an inspector of teaching.
  • Native Creation of the Nyassa Association .
  • Creation of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society (Nigeria).
  • Creation of the Civil Nigerian Being useful Union .
  • Creation of the Western African Currency Board for the emission of currency in the British colonies of West Africa.
  • Native Autority Ordinance with the Kenya: right to require 24 workdays forced per annum for the needs for the community (carried at 60 days in 1920 except for the people having worked three months in the past year).

Morocco

  • March 30th: Convention of Fès. Signature with Fès of the treaty which imposes French protectorate on the Morocco.
  • November 27th: Treaty of Madrid between the Spain and the France for the division of the Morocco. Tangier obtains a specific scheme.
  • Of the Saharan nomads, carried out by El Hiba (the blue sultan), wire of the marabout My El Aïnin seize Marrakech from where they are rejected by the French Army.

The Middle East & Arab world

italo-Turkish War

Ottoman Empire

  • the elections are faked by the capacity, which imposes its candidates in all the districts. In July, CUP loses the capacity with the profit of the liberal Agreement.
  • Foundation of the Committee of the reforms of Beirut which asserts the creation of an assembly made up of Christians and Moslems with equality which would have all the administrative capacities.
  • a Franco-British naval agreement makes it possible to put an end to any dispute between the two countries on the Syrian question. The Great Britain agrees to entrust the defense of its possessions of the Eastern Mediterranean to the French fleet in exchange of a protection of the French coasts by its ships. In December, the British government declares with the France that it does not have political aimings in Syria.

Asia

  • January 1st: Constitution of the government of the Republic of China by Sun Yat-SEN.
  • February 12th: The emperor of China Puyi abdicates in favor of the republic and gives the capacity to Yuan Shikai.
  • February 15th: Sun Yat-SEN resigns and the assembly of Nankin names Yuan Shikai president of the republic. This one equitably distributes the ministries between the partisans of the Guomindang and them his.
  • March 7th: The République of China is proclaimed with Lhassa. But the population Tibetan rises against the Chinese presence.
  • April 12th (?) : Expulsion of Ambans and soldiers Chinese out of the Tibet by the forces Tibetans.
  • June 22nd (?) : The 13th Dalaï LAMA returns to Lhassa after its exile in India.
  • July 30th, Japan: Died of the emperor Meiji. Commit suicide of the Nogi general and his wife. Beginning of the era Taishō (fine in 1926) and of the reign of the emperor Yoshihito.
  • August 12th: Signature of an agreement in three points between the Tibet and the Republic of China in the presence of representative of the Nepal.
    • After one half-century of modernization and following the wars against the China and the Russia, the Japan is terribly involved in debt.
  • the Gouvernement of Tibet orders the expulsion of all Chinese.
  • Indonesia: The nationalist organization Sarekat Islam (Islamic Union), resulting from an association of the merchants of batik , is founded in Indonesia. Its starting goal is to protect the trade java are born from Chinese and European competition. It quickly takes a political character with national targets. It will have more than two million members in all the archipelago as of 1918.
  • Constitution of trade-union organizations in Indonesia.

Mongolia

  • March 24th: Opening of the first public school with Ourga in spite of the protest of the ecclesiastical lords. It receives 47 pupils the first year.
  • May: Sit of Kobdo whose governor Mandchou, who counts on a help of the province of the Xinjiang, resists.
  • August 7th: Capitulation of Kobdo to the approach of the Chinese troops. A Russian intevention avoids the resumption of the hostilities. Kobdo joined the new Mongolian state in winter 1913.
  • November 3rd: Russo-Mongolian agreement concluded with Ourga. The Russia recognizes prudently the autonomy of the Mongolia and obtains commercial concessions.

  • Failure of an attempt at negotiations between the Mongolia and the Japan.

  • a military academy is founded in Houdjirboulane.
  • the First printing works and first newspapers with Ourga: new of the Capital ( Niyslel houreniy sonine ) and the New Mirror ( Clouded toli ).

Oceania & the Pacific

Americas

Canada

  • April 1st: The federal government gives to the Quebec the Ungava (the New Quebec).
  • May 15th: Lomer Gouin (liberal) is re-elected with the Quebec.
  • June 24th: Large fire of Chicoutimi to the Quebec: a fire begins in the Château Saguenay and is propagated in all the downtown area of Chicoutimi. 104 buildings, houses or trade are destroyed but no loss of life is recorded.

The United States

  • January 6th: The New Mexico becomes the 47e State of the the United States.
  • Strike in January in the factories textile of the American Wollen Company with Lawrence (Massachusetts). IWW organizes processions and gatherings which join together 50  000 people. After confrontations with the police force which make a death, the martial law is issued.
    • February 10th: The children of the strikers are sent in families of reception for allows their parents to continue the movement.
    • the American Wollen Company ends up granting 5 to 11% pay rise, 25 hundreds for overtime, and is committed not taking any measurement against the strikers.
    • March 4th: The end of the strike is voted by 10  000 strikers chaired by Bill Haywood.
  • February 14th: The Arizona becomes the State forty-eighth of the American Union.
  • April 20th: Inauguration of the Fenway Park of Boston (residence of Red Sox of Boston, MLB).
  • 6 - June 8th: The eruption of the Novarupta in Alaska, most important of the 20th century.
  • July 13rd: Radio operator Act . The operators must obtain an authorization of the ministry for the Trade before emitting.
  • August 5th: The republicans reformists vote by plebiscite Roosevelt against Taft, indicated by national convention like candidate with the elections presidential.
  • August 24th: The Alaska becomes a territory of the the United States.
  • September: Lawsuit Ettor - Giovanitti, militants of IWW shown to be responsible for dead for a striker, Anna LoPizzo, at the time of the strikes of the textile with Lawrence. A campaign is supported is organized in all the country. They are cleared.
  • November 5th: Election of Woodrow Wilson (D) like chair the United States, against Taft (R), on a program of reform, the “New Freedom”, which proposes to restore the free-company. The Socialist Eugene Debs obtains 900  000 votes.
  • December: The Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to American Elihu Root.

  • Integration of the territories reserved to the Indians with the Union.

  • Organization of the “Chamber of commerce” of the United States. She decides soon in favor of a “self-discipline” as regards restriction on competition.

Latin America

  • July: Plot of the general Luis Led against the government to the Nicaragua. Rising of the liberal cities (León, Masaya). The National Assembly chooses to name Mena president of the Republic, but in August, 400 navy unloads to support the preserving president Adolfo Díaz.
  • August 14th: The the United States occupy the Nicaragua which is the theater of riots (1912 - 1925, 1926 - 1933).
  • October: War of Contestado to the Brazil (end in August 1916).

  • the the United States occupy the Honduras (1912-1919, 1924-1925).

  • electoral Reform in Argentinian, founding the vote for all.

Chronologies sets of themes

Aeronautics

1912 in aeronautics

Railroads

1912 in the railroads

Sport

1912 in sport

Sciences & technology

Arts & culture

See also: 1912 with the cinema, 1912 in music, 1912 in literature, 1912 with the theater, 1912 as a cartoon

  • September 28th: Alternative of the Matador Jose Gómez Ortega known as “Joselito” or “Gallito”.

Painting

Nobel Prize

Births in 1912

January

February

March

April

May

June

  • June 23rd: Alan Mathison Turing, mathematician and British data processing specialist

July

August

September

October

November

December

Death in 1912

Random links:Courchapoix | Schinznach-Dorf | Beaugas | Louis François Armand de Vignerot of Plessis, duke of Richelieu | Saoudi Rial