1901

This page relates to the year 1901 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

  • the last communities independent Mayas are subjected by the Mexican government.

  • the Bolivia gives the Acre between the hands of an American group: Bolivian Syndicate .
  • Canada: Beginning of a vast program, one 15 years duration, plantation of 50 million young trees in the Canadian “meadows”, intended to help the pioneers to fix the grounds, to retain snow and to stabilize harvests.

Cuba

  • February 21st: Proclamation of the independence of Cuba, but the island remains occupied by the American troops.

  • March 2nd: The Amendement Platt recognizes a right of intervention from the United States to Cuba. Initially rejected by cuban constitutional Convention, it is finally adopted after three months of American pressures.
  • June 12th: Cuba becomes an American protectorate. The the United States have the right to intervene in the island. They receive bay of Guantánamo and control the economy of the island.
  • republican Constitution.

the United States

  • January 6th: Launching of the crusade “anti kiss” with the the United States supported by the leagues of Christian morality and the hygienists.

  • January 10th: Discovered first large oil-bearing field with the Texas with Beaumont.
  • September 6th: Attack against the president of the E. - U., William McKinley, which will succumb to its wounds one week later (the 14).
  • September 14th: Following the death of William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt becomes President of the United States of America. Roosevelt is anxious to restore the democracy to defend the free-company of the dangers to which its own excesses expose. It is surrounded advisers representing the capital and finance (Hanna, Robert Bacon, George W. Perkins, Elihu Root, Nelson W. Aldrich, James Stillman…).
  • November 18th: Treaty Hay-Pauncefote. The the United Kingdom gives freehand to the United States with the the Antilles. The United States receives the exclusive right build and exploit the Panama Canal.
  • December 12th: First radiotelegraphic message sent through the Atlantic (Marconi).

  • Vague of reforms progressists (1901 - 1910). The middle-classes revolt against “ the jungle ” and seek to remove excesses which are denounced to him: exploitation of the Work of the children and the women, arrogant domination of the great private interests, corruption of the political machines, wasting of the national resources and sale of goods of bad quality, even damaged.

  • Formation of the US Steel Company by John Pierpont Morgan, first trust with the capital of more than one billion dollar which produces the 3/5° steel of the country and 170  employment; 000 paid.

  • the fields of Coton S are devastated by a parasite, the anthonomist.
  • Law on housing (better ventilation and separate toilets).

Africa

  • April 26th, Algeria: the inhabitants of Margueritte are attacked by Moslems. Five Europeans are killed and repression will make sixteen dead among the insurrectionists.
  • September: Abd Al-Aziz of Morocco, which controls with the assistance of European advisers, applies a great administrative reform and tax: suppression of the Koranic taxes and transformation of the caïds into paid Makhzen. These brutally imposed revolutionary measurements cause a wave of dissatisfaction at the notable ones which enter in open fight against the central government. Morocco divides between several factions which the sultan does not have the means of controlling.

  • exploring the Isabella Bird meets the Berbères mounts Atlas.

  • the confederation Ashanti is dismantled and becomes a British colony placed under the authority of the Gold Coast, colony since 1874.
  • Beginning of the reign of Abou-Ghazali, sultan of the Ouadaï (fine in 1902).
  • Creation of the Bank of Western Africa for the emission of currency in the French colonies.
  • Completion of the railroad of the Uganda.

Oceania & peaceful

Asia

  • Beginning of the reforms in China: modernization of the state, assemblies elected, modern army, modern penal code, reform of teaching (abolition of the system of the examinations, person in charge of the preserving attitude of the administration).

The Middle East

  • a British company receives a concession of oil drilling for 60 years in Perse.
  • Resistance of the Armenians in Turkey: business of the monastery of Arakelotz, carried out by Andranik.

Europe

  • Dealt with of the wages of the schoolmasters by the state in Spain.

  • the congregation nuns devoting itself to educational and caritative activities are authorized with the Portugal.
  • the equality in front of the military service is voted by the Riksdag of Sweden on the proposal of the Billing bishop.
  • military Law in the Netherlands allowing a broad and fast mobilization.
  • mining Law in the Netherlands: beginning of the coal mining of the Limbourg.

Germany

  • March 6th: anarchistic attack against the emperor Guillaume II.
  • Creation with Berlin of the Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden by James Simon, industrialist of cottons and friend of Kaiser.

France

See also: 1901 in France

  • July 1st: Relative law with the contract of association.

the United Kingdom

Swiss

  • April 7th: The Suisse decides to extradite a person suspected of having taken share with the attack against the king Umberto Ier of Italy the July 29th 1900. This decision causes violent demonstrations denouncing an infringement of the right of asylum.
  • 5th Congress Zionist with Basle, and creation of the Funds Jewish national, in charge of the purchase of the grounds in Palestine. Creation of the Keren Kayemeth LeIsraël (K.K.L.), bases Israeli public land field.
  • Foundation of Caritas, catholic organization of mutual aid.

Italy

  • January 26th: The pope Leon XIII publishes his encyclical Graves communi concerning the Christian Democrat. He insists on the apostolic character which the Christian Democrat must take.
  • February 15th: Resignation of Giuseppe Saracco. Victor-Emmanuel III of Italy entrusts the government to an old liberal progressist, Giuseppe Zanardelli, which recalls to the businesses Giovanni Giolitti as Minister of Interior Department.
    • Beginning one period liberal, known as giolittienne (fine in 1914). Giovanni Giolitti belongs to the constitutional but practical left a policy of consensus with the opponents. This policy supports political stability, but involves the clientelism, corruption, the “ mala vita ”.
  • April: Parliamentary debate on the country trade-union organizations. Giolitti defends the right of association.
  • October 9th: The Italian minister of religion prohibited to the use of the churches for all activities not nun.
  • Failure of two laws on the divorce presented to the Room in December 1901 and February 1902.

  • Series of social laws: laws on the industrial accidents, work of the women and the children, on the weekly rest, the retirements, etc

  • 1042 strikes in 1901. 413  959 strikers (190  974 in industry, 222  985 in agriculture).
  • 16  451 km of railroad.

Russia

  • February: Assassination of the Minister for the State education Bogoliepov by the revolutionary Socialist Karpovitch.
  • Mars: Recrudescence of agitation coed; violently repressed street demonstrations.
  • March 23rd of the Calendar Julien : Prohibition of the direct relationships between Zemstvo S.

  • Foundation with Berlin of the revolutionary Socialist party (SR) by the meeting of the groups of Russia, of the Union of the revolutionary Socialists abroad and the agrarian socialist league which preserves its autonomy (Tchernov, Brechko-Brechkovskaïa, Guerchouni, Goetz). Agitation in country medium, federalistic program, recourse to terrorism (Guerchouni, Azev).

  • the public prosecutor of the holy synod Pobiedonostsev makes pronounce the excommunication of Leon Tolstoï.
  • Bad harvests.

Chronologies sets of themes

Arts & culture

See also: 1901 with the cinema, 1901 in music, 1901 in literature, 1901 with the theater, 1901 as a cartoon

Nobel Prize

The year 1901 marks the attribution of the first Nobel Prize, which was decreed with the following prizes winner:

Births in 1901

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Death in 1901

Beats-smg: 1901 Be-X-old: 1901 Cbk-zam: 1901 Map-bms: 1901 Simple: 1901 Zh-yue: 1901 年

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