1893

This page relates to the year 1893 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Europe

  • Creation of the social democrat Left Rumanian. The Marxist current is represented there by Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, in relation to Engels. The party bursts in 1899 to reappear in February 1910 in the IIe Internationale.

  • Compromised between the Sweden and the Norway concerning the “consular question”, open crisis about the common diplomatic representation, generally entrusted to Swedish civils servant.

Austria-Hungary

  • Bill electoral in Austria. The text causes the indignation of the conservatives and the fall of the cabinet Eduard Taaffe.
  • preserving Cabinet Windischgraetz in Austria.
  • Karl Lueger founds the Christian-social party ( Christlichsoziale Partei ) in Austria.

Germany

  • February 18th: Foundation of the Alliance of the farmers in Germany, formed by the preserving land great landowners, who intend to defend their interests before the Parliament. Second organization of mass behind social democracy, plain with the conservative party, Alliance will prevent a reform of the electoral system and will give its support for the pangermanists.

  • May 6th: Caprivi dissolves the Reichstag on the military question. Increase in manpower fixed at 80  000 men divides the various parties. The compromise suggested by Zentrum (60  000 men) is accepted by the government, but is rejected by the deputies. At the time of the elections, only the right parties and the liberals will progress. In July, the service is fixed at three years.

France

See also: 1893 in France

Italy

  • August 18th: Serious incidents burst in the Acute-Dead saltworks of in France between Italian and French workmen. Out of 20 to 50 Italians are killed, from 50 to 150 wounded. The incident starts violent demonstrations antifrançaises with Rome and Naples.

  • December 9th: Revolt with Partinico in Sicily. The movement of the Fasci, appeared in spring, encourages the masses to fight to claim more social justice (1893 - 1895). During the last months of its government, Giolitti, persuaded of the need for a more flexible industrial relations policy, abstained from any repressive measurement.

  • December 15th: Resignation of the president of the Council, Giovanni Giolitti, implied in the scandal of Banca Romana and partly person in charge of the economic serious attack which touches the country, after twenty month of being able. Francesco Crispi returns to the capacity.

The United Kingdom

  • January 13rd: Foundation of the party independent of work (Independent Ploughing Party) by the Scottish minor Keir Bold.
  • October 28th: The Havoc fleet on the the Thames: it is the first destroyer builds by Yarrow.

  • Erection of the fountain Shaftesbury Memorial of Piccadilly Circus with the memory of Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) which had devoted its life to improve that of the children low in creating the Shaftesbury homes.

Russia

  • June 20th: Prohibition of the redistributions partial of ground in the Mir and obligation to respect a 12 years interval between two general redistributions.
  • December 26th: Prohibition of the Community transfers of grounds to noncountry owners. Obligation for all left mir of a vote of the communal assembly in the majority of the 2/3.
  • October: Visit Russian fleet with Toulon.

  • Vladimir Oulianov (Lénine) settles with Saint-Pétersbourg and militates in the circles of Marxist intellectuals.

  • National league ( Liga Narodowa ) and left social democrat the kingdom of Poland (SDKP).

Swiss

  • August: IIIe congress of the International Socialist with Zurich, during which the IIe Internationale decides to expel the anarchists. Opposition as for the tactics to adopt to seize the power: the priority of the political action will be adopted only during IVe congress, in 1896.

  • the town of Zurich exceeds the course of the 100  000 inhabitants.

  • the Confederation prohibits the Jewish ritual slaughter.
  • " War douanière" against the France.

Asia

  • February 10th, Japan: A reprimand of the emperor requests the civils servant to contribute to the construction of a fleet of war. They must give up a tenth of their resources in order to save during six years 300  000 yens per annum on the expenditure of the crown.
  • October 3rd: Conference of Bangkok. The France adds the Laos to its Indochinese Union.
    • the Siam is implied in a quarrel of border with France in Indo-China. The French (Auguste Pavia) send warships to Bangkok and oblige the Siamese ones to yield to them the Kampuchea and all the part of Laos located at the east of the Mekong. Laos becomes French protectorate and the Right Bank of Mekong is demilitarized.

  • the explorer Sven Hedin traverses the central Asia (end in 1897).

  • Fine tragedy of French forwarding Dutreuil of the Rhines to the Tibet.
  • Line Durand (Indo-Afghan border).
  • With the Bengal, the bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine, member of the Institute Pasteur, after having tested it on itself, vaccinates 45  000 people with the attenuated shape of the bacillus of the Cholera. He will thus manage to reduce the death rate by 75% among the people who will have been inoculated.

The Middle East

  • In Georgia, foundation of the social democrat organization Mesane Dasi.
  • the khedive of Egypt `Abbas Hilmi II drives out her minister Fahmy Pasha whom he considers too related to the British and replaces it by Fakhry Pasha.

Ottoman Empire

  • September 22nd: Massacre Arménie NS revolted with Sasun by the Kurdish soldiers of the Hamidiye. The Othoman minister of the War continues an important recruitment of the Kurdish in his cavalry of Anatolia, attached to the fourth Othoman army under the orders of Mushir Zeki Pasha.

  • Appearance of a working proletariat in the main cities of the Ottoman Empire. Major social changes take place in the big cities like Istanbul, Salonique and Izmir where manufactures of textile, tobacco or food products develop. Lately created, the Association of the Othoman workers obtains a mutual aid fund.

  • First census of the whole of the Othoman population, intended to estimate the tax resources and soldiers of the Empire (in particular the number of Moslems paying the tax of exemption from the military service). The total population of the empire is estimated at 17,5 million inhabitants.

Africa

  • May 29th: The Bouganda passes under British protectorate.
  • July: Revolt Lobengula, king of the Matabélé (Zimbabwe) of 1893 - 1896 against the South African. After a raid of Matabélé on Mashona ( July), the British occupy in repression the capital of Matabélé, Bulawayo the November 4th.

  • imperial Ordinances envisaging the creation of reserves and the confiscation of the grounds to the South-western African to give them to the German colonists (1893 - 1903).

  • State independent of Congo: The Belgian chief of district Dhanis and the African chief Ngogo Lutété push back the Arabs of Zanzibar beyond the Lac Tanganyika. Many a wangwana, black mercenaries of Tippou Tib, adopt the State independent of Congo.
  • Movement Majanga against the forced labor in low Congo (1893 - 1894).
    • the forced labor in Congo, the benefit of the African chiefs and their silent partners, leads to the depopulation of whole areas: in the 13 villages of the district of the Lake Mantounba, the population passes from 9.450 hearts in 1893 to 1.750 in 1913.
  • popular Risings with the Cameroun. Mutiny of the soldiers “dahoméens” of the German army.
  • Mary Kingsley explores most of old the French Congo.

Western Africa

  • Beginning of a war ashanti - British in Africa of the West (fine in 1894).

  • Taken Djenné, of Mopti and Bandiagara to the king Toucouleur Ahmadou by the colonel Louis Archinard, civil and military governor of French Sudan. Ahmadou escapes Archinard and continues resistance to the east until its death in 1895 in the area of Sokoto.
  • After the catch of Bandiagara, Aguibou, brother of Ahmadou, which joined in France, is proclaimed king of the Macina, but it will be deposited in 1902.
  • Rabah attacks the Bornou and ruins Kouka, the capital. It kills the Hachem sultan, then launches out to the continuation of its successor, who took refuge with the Gober. But the troops of the sovereign of the Sokoto bar the passage to him and it returns in Bornou.

Ethiopia

  • the Négus of Ethiopia Ménélik II denounces the Traité of Ucciali of 1889. Eager to free itself from the Italian supervision, the emperor refunds a loan of four million, but preserves an important stock of weapons received as recognition.

  • Ménélik installs its capital with Addis-Abeba (the Fleur Nouvelle).

  • Beginning of the construction of a railway line between Addis-Abeba and Djibouti by a French company. It leads the foundation To say-Daoua.
  • Introduction of the Eucalyptus to Addis-Abeba by the French Mondon-Vidailhet. It is spread in Ethiopia.
  • Theodore Bent publishes a description of the historic sites of the Tigré.

The Maghreb

  • May 30th: Jules Ferry presents to the French Senate his report/ratio on the reform of the statute of Algeria. It makes adopt the decrees of fastening as well as series of measure which are primarily intended to reinforce to a significant degree the capacities of the general government.

  • Morocco: Spanish troops unload with Melilla. The Spain, which has already 25  000 men in the enclave, requires an allowance for the destruction of a fort by the tribes. It obtains only one weak repair of the sultan. The incident illustrates the pressures which are exerted on Morocco whereas the tension persists on the border with the Algérie.

Americas

  • September 6th: Revolted da Armada with the Brésil. It starts with a competition of political leader in the Rio Grande C Sul and continuous in the form of a secession of the military navy ( Armada ). The government constitutes a fleet loyal supporter with Recife. The insurgent officers give up the part and take refuge on the Portuguese ships anchored in the port. The rebellion had failed.

  • the caudillo Jose Santos Zelaya, liberal, becomes president of the Nicaragua (fine in 1909).

The United States

  • January: Completion of the transcontinental line Great Northern Pacific. Started in 1878, it connects Saint Paul to Seattle.
  • February: Beginning of financial panic. The expensive policy of Benjamin Harrison, the withdrawal of the British investments, the consequences of the tariff McKinley created a crisis situation. In a few months, 642 banks, 16  000 companies are in bankruptcy while the industrial production and the farm prices crumble brutally. From a million in August, the number of unemployed passes to three million in December (on fifteen million workers).

  • March 25th: The antitrust law is called upon against trade union leaders. A prosecutor of the New-Orleans estimated that the trade union can be comparable with an agreement which aims at restricting the freedom of trade, falling under the blow from the law Sherman.

  • May 5th: Panic of 1893. The Bourse of New York crumbles, causing an economic depression (1893 - 1897) followed by a fantastic movement of industrial merger of undertakings.

  • Grover Cleveland obtains the abrogation of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act to slow down the escape of the gold reserves. It alienates in its own party the representatives of the South and the agrarian West which see in the unlimited striking of the money the means of causing a salutary inflation. Measurement proves inoperative

  • quickly the brothers Duryea present the first American Automobile to gasoline.

Oceania and the Pacific

  • January 17th: End of monarchy with Hawaii. A coup d'etat organized by a group of American growers against the queen Liliuokalani proclaims the Republic.
  • February 14th: Intervention of the troops of the the United States to protect the American residents with Hawaii. Standford B. Pares form a provisional government. Grover Cleveland refuses the application of annexation of Hawaii.

  • British Protectorate on the Solomon of the center and the south.

Chronologies sets of themes

Religion and Philosophy

  • Philosohie : the Action of Maurice Blondel.

Arts & culture

See also: 1893 in music, 1893 in literature, 1893 with the theater

Science & technology

See also: 1893 in the railroads

  • Fundamental laws of arithmetic, of Gottlob Frege, which illustrates temptation to make derive the arithmetic one from logic.
  • Rudolf Diesel develops the engine which bears its name.

Sports and Forwardings

See also: 1893 in sport

Births in 1893

January

February

April

May

August

September

November

  • November 9th: Jeanne Denis (the Denis mother), star Frenchwoman of publicity

December

Death in 1893

Beats-smg: 1893 Be-X-old: 1893 Map-bms: 1893 Simple: 1893 Zh-yue: 1893 年

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