1871 in France

This page relates to the year 1871 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Beginning of IIIe Republic in France: repression of the Common of Paris.

January 3rd: Success of the army of North (General Faidherbe) with Bapaume.
January 8th: French Victoire with the Battle of Villersexel.
January 10th: Defeat of the heroic second Armed with the Loire to the Mans.
January 15th: Failure with Héricourt of the army of the East (Général Bourbaki) which must take refuge in Switzerland.
January 19th:

Demolished army of North (Faidherbe) with Saint-Quentin.
Failure strapping of an attempt at exit of the army of Paris to the Battle of Buzenval.

21 - January 23rd: Resistance of Garibaldi to the Battle of Dijon.
January 28th: Fall of Paris, after a long seat (September 18th 1870 -28 January 1871), beginning of the peace talks for a capitulation of France.
Occupation symbolic system of Paris by the Prussian troops.

February 6th: Leon Gambetta resigns of his post of minister of the Interior.
February 8th: Elections of an National Assembly. Success of the conservatives with monarchist majority, resulting from the province, who wish peace and are opposed to the Parisian elected officials with Republican majority.
February 12th: National Assembly meets in Bordeaux, Paris being besieged by the Germans.
February 13rd: The colonel Denfert-Rochereau, ordering place of Belfort, receives the order to evacuate the place. The French troops evacuate the city with weapons and luggage.
February 17th: Adolphe Thiers reaches the post of head of the executive power of the French Republic (station different from that of President of the Republic) (fine in 1873).
February 15th: the National guard of Paris is opposed to peace.
February 26th: signature of the preliminaries of peace with Prussia.
March 1st: symbolically, the Prussian troops enter Paris and ravel on the Fields-Elysées. Second protest of Bordeaux and death of the mayor of Strasbourg Emile Kuss in Bordeaux.

March 3rd: constitution of the Central committee of the National guard.
March 8th: suppression by the National Assembly of the pay of the national guards
March 10th: pact of Bordeaux, between the various parts of the government, suspending any decision on the nature of the mode. Moratorium on the rents and the commercial drafts. The capacity is transferred to Versailles.
March 17th: arrest of the revolutionary Socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui.
March 18th: Common of Paris (March-May 1871): insurrection of the Parisian population.

Failure of the attempt of the troop governmental to seize the guns of Montmartre. In the night from March 17th to 18th, Thiers decides to disarm Paris (227 guns of the national guard with Montmartre and Belleville). The 88e of line, charged to take the guns of Montmartre, is encircled by the national guard and the crowd, with whom the troop starts to fraternize. The officers are disarmed. The generals Lecomte and Clément Thomas are stopped and shot with the town hall of the XVIIIe district, in spite of the intervention of the mayor Georges Clémenceau and officers communards. Thiers leaves with the government to Versailles in order not to be captive of the insurrectionists. He refuses to negotiate, posing like precondition the disarmament of the national guard. A popular government, the Central committee of the national guard is made up.

March 20th: the government and the National Assembly settle in Versailles.
March 26th: elections of the Common of Paris. The Parisian ones elect a town council of 90 members which takes the name of Commune of Paris (jacobine majority and blanquist, minority of revolutionists independent favorable to a federation of the Communes of France): Rochefort, Delescluze, Pyat, Gambon, Blanqui, Shoed, Rigault, Clement, Billhook, Vallès, etc
March 28th: proclamation of the Common of Paris to the town hall. At the time of his entry at the Hotel-of-City, the municipal council receives his powers of the Central committee. The movement is followed in certain big cities of province (Lyon, Marseilles, Narbonne, Toulouse, Saint-Etienne) without gaining the campaigns.

Engagements of insurgent (20 000 with 30 000 men) against the regular troops of Versailles (130 000 soldiers under the orders of Mac-Mahon) starting from the April 2nd. Bombardment of the capital during six weeks.

May 1st, Paris: establishment of a Committee of public hello by the Jacobins and the blanquists, who meets the opposition of the proudhoniens. Measurements of the blanquist Raoul Rigault, deputy inside, against the opponents with the Commune.
May 10th: by the Treated of Frankfurt (1871) which puts an end to the Franco-German Guerre of 1870: France loses the Alsace and part of the Lorraine, this loss will be lived by France like a deep traumatism. Moreover, France must pour five billion allowances (4,9 are collected by an open national subscription the June 27th).

Following this treaty, approximately 160 000 Alsatian and Lorraine, refusing to become German leave the lost provinces and are installed on the French territory.

May 14th: creation of the Territory of Belfort starting from the old district of the Haut-Rhin not annexed by the German Empire.
May 16th: the Communards put at bottom the statue of Napoleon places Vendôme.

the Common one votes the deferred payment of the debts and the rents, the right of association, the separation of the Church and the State, the collectivization of the companies given up by their owners, the adoption of the red flag and the revolutionary calendar, the destruction of the Vendôme column (May 16th) and of the house of Thiers.

May 18th: the National Assembly, at this meeting in Versailles, ratifies the Traité of Frankfurt.
Of the 21 to the May 28th: “ bloody Week ”, which will see Paris, with the hands of the Communards , taken again by the troops of Versailles .

May 21st: entry of the troops of Versailles in Paris. The Of Versailles ones undertake to take the capital street by street, where draw up themselves more than 500 barricades. Shooting of 424 federate with the park Heap and Montmartre. The insurrectionists retort by the execution of 52 hostages, street Haxo.
May 27th: last combat with the Father-Lachaise. Fall of the last bastion communard. The communards burn several public edifices (Tuileries, Town hall, Court of Auditors, Council of State, ministry for Finances).
May 28th: execution of the defenders of the Common of Paris in front of the Wall of Federate the.
Of 20 000 with 30 000 partisans of the commune are carried out, including 3500 without judgment. 38 000 insurgent is stopped and judged in council of war. A hundred are condemned to died (including 23 carried out), 410 with the forced labors, 4 600 with custodial sentences, 322 with the banishment, and 7 500 are off-set in Algérie and New Caledonia. Fifty six children are placed in reformatory.

July 2nd: victory of the republicans in 39 departments out of 47 concerned at the time of bys-election.
July 5th: the Count de Chambord, candidate of the legitimists to the throne of France, publishes a proclamation in which he announces his fidelity with the white flag.

the National Assembly, divided between legitimists, orleanists and republicans, proclaims Constituent Assembly .
the law “ Rivet ” gives to Adolphe Thiers the title of President of the Republic. Thiers makes extend and increase his capacities.

November 28th: Execution of Louis-Nathaniel Rossel, the only officer rejoined with the Commune of Paris, former minister delegated to the War.

December 30th: Foundation of the company Grandsons of François Wendel and Co directed by Henri and Robert of Wendel.

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