1869

This page relates to the year 1869 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • January:
    • Departure of Khartoum of the German explorer Georg August Schweinfurth. He is the first European to meet Pygmy S.
    • Départ of Tripoli of the forwarding of Alexandrine Tinné in Libya. They is assassinated in the course of road it.
  • February 2nd: In Algeria, a rebellion of 4  000 men is beaten by the colonel Sounis.
  • February 21st: The queen of Madagascar Ranavalona II and her husband Rainilaiarivony are baptized by two Malagasy pastors. The queen orders at once the destruction by the fire of the sampy and the “idols”, and dispatches missionaries through the campaigns.
  • July 5th: The Bey de Tunis gives the management of its finances to an international commission. Mustapha Khaznadar, the Prime Minister, in vain seeks to borrow again and must accept an international financial commission charged to manage the debt. This commission is made up of two French, two British and two Italians, as of an executive committee where sit two Tunisians and a French. It appears quickly that the elimination of Khaznadar is the precondition to any financial rectification.
  • October 17th: Opening of the Suez Canal. The empress Eugenie takes the head of the first procession of ships which cross the channel. With the opening of the Suez Canal, the coasts of the Red Sea and its outlets acquire a considerable importance, and are delivered to the covetousness of the European nations of which Italy, the United Kingdom and France.
  • October: The Asante advances towards the coastal region, until Axim. Several Europeans are captured by the Ashanti and are taken along to Kumasi. They will be delivered only five years later by the forwarding organized by sir Garnet Wolseley which will burn the capital ashanti.
  • November 15th: The Italians of the Rubattino Company settle with Assab, in Ethiopia.

  • Kingdoms interlacustres: Died of the moukama Kamurasi, sovereign of the Bounyoro. In the middle of the century, he fought against the prevalence of the Bouganda by developing the commercial relations with Zanzibar and Khartoum. Its successor Chwa II Kabarega must impose himself upon rival applicants during more than one year. He institutionalizes the displacement of his court through the provinces for better controlling them and names at their head of the chiefs who are not his/her direct parents. He creates a standing army and main road made up of professionals ( will abarusura ) and attacks his neighbors. He reinforces the links with Khartoum, but the ambitions of the Khedive Ismaïl and of the Great Britain accelerate the decline of its kingdom (fine of reign in 1899).

  • Sudan: Muhammad Al-Bulalawi is given the responsability by the khedive with Egypt to subject the commercial princes of the high Nile and to make them recognize Egyptian sovereignty.

Americas

Canada

See also: 1869 in Canada

The United States

  • March 4th: Beginning of the republican presidency of Ulysses Grant with the the United States (fine in 1877).
  • May 10th: Completion of the first transcontinental rail link in the north of Salt Lake City with Promontory Not in the Utah. The herd of Bison is separate into two. The economic base of Indian civilization is destroyed.
  • September 24th: Black Friday with Wall Street. Handling of the financier Jay Gould on the rates of gold caused a stock exchange panic and many bankruptcies. Into the only day of 24, to suppress the bankruptcy, the government injects 4 million gold dollars on the market.

  • the Wyoming with the the United States is the first American state to grant the right to vote with the women.

  • Dissolution of the Ku Klux Klan, effective towards 1877.
  • Development of new grounds and industrial push in the South. The federal government bathes in an atmosphere of mixing business and politics and fortunes quickly acquired. The two presidencies of Grant are a series of resounding accounting scandals (Loan on personal property, Whiskey Boxing ring , scandal of the Indian reserves, etc) which blame of the senior officials, the Ministers and even the private secretary of the president.
  • the vote of the Blacks after 1869 carries two Blacks to the Senate and twenty to the Congress. Their number quickly decreases after 1876. The last Noir elected official leaves the Congress in 1901.
  • the National Labor Union , after having excluded the Blacks and the women, affirms that there “does not exist distinction of color or sex in the field of the laws the labor”. The majority of the trade unions continue to refuse the Blacks in their requiring to form their own local sections.
  • Établissement of Ranch be in the Grandes Plains close to the Railroad.
  • Foundation with Philadelphia of the Knight off Labor (Knights of work) by workmen cutters.
  • Law on the safety of the mines in Pennsylvania.
  • Ely Parker, of the tribe of Seneca is the first police chief of Amerindian origin named with the Bureau of the Indian businesses.

Latin America

  • January 5th: Catch of Asunción to the Paraguay by the Brazil.
  • April 10th: End of the “War the Ten Year old” to Cuba. The suppression of the representation of Cuba to the Cortes of Madrid and the monopolies supporting metropolitan industry had started in 1868 a general insurrection. The insurrectionists are beaten, but Spain grants a certain autonomy to the island.
  • July 29th, Ecuador: Gabriel García Moreno takes again the capacity. Actually, there remained the strong man of the country while making named with the report heading, during the previous years, Don Jerónimo Carrión there Palacio and Juan Javier Espinosa. Moreno makes vote a new Constitution which makes Catholic religion the religion of State. Only the catholics practitioners can become voters and occupy of the public office. Moreno was the only Latin-American statesman to approve the French Expédition in Mexico.

Oceania

  • March 14th, New Zealand: Battle of Te Porere between Europeans and Maoris. The troops of the governor George Grey inflict a major defeat with the rebels maoris of the island of the South.

Asia

  • April 4th: The imperial government of the Japan settles with Tokyo.
  • 4 - May 10th: The last partisans of the Shogun, cut off with Hakodate and supported by France, capitulate.
  • June 30th: End of the War of Boshin to the Japan.
  • July 25th, Japan: The 272 lords Daimyô restore their strongholds in the State (han) which creates prefectures (1871).
  • August 16th: In China, the imperial army puts a term at the revolt of the Nian which had regularly plundered for 15 years China of North.

  • British Presence with the islands Nicobar, the Strait of Malacca and in Malaysia (1869 - 1874).

  • Creation with Sumatra of the Deli Maatschappij , specialized company in the plantations of tobacco.
  • the Russians unload on the Eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and create the port of Krasnovodsk (today Saparmourat-Turkmenbachi) to the Turkménistan. The troops of the tsar intend to cross the desert of Khiva. In spite of the agreement of 1866, the Russian pressure in Central Asia is felt by the shah like a threat for the independence of the Perse.

  • a telegraphic connection is ensured between Tokyo and Yokohama.

  • Emigration of many poor Japanese towards Hawaii and the California.

the Middle East

  • the Alliance universal Jew creates the agricultural school of Mikveh Israîl close to Jaffa at the instigation of Charles Netter, one of its founders. The Othoman authorities grant grounds Alliance. From this school will leave the generations of Jewish farmers who will be able to make “ flower the desert ”.

  • Iraq: the nomination of Midhat Passed, large administrator and Othoman reformer as governor of Baghdad, announces the return to the centralism in a province which knows a resurgence of corruption and tribalism. The governor of Baghdad works to reorganize the administration, to found a state education and with sédentariser the tribes.

Europe

  • January 1st: The tax on the flour between in force in Italy. Riots follow, especially in Emilie, which are repressed hard.

  • June 1st, Spain: The the Cortes adopt a Constitution monarchist. Since the elections of January, the democrats monarchists are majority in the Cortes vis-a-vis the republicans and with holding of the absolutism. However, this Constitution immediately causes the federalistic opposition, which reinforces the nomination of Francisco Serrano as regent and of Prim there Prats as head of government the June 18th.
  • July: In Ireland, separation of the State and Church Anglican. The law grants the State the possessions of the Church Anglican, principal landowner of the island.
  • August 9th: Foundation with Eisenach of the left working social democrat by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht, champion of proletarian internationalism.
  • November 21st: assassination with Moscow of the Ivanov student.
    • Meeting with Geneva of Bakounine and Serge Netchaïev (writer of the revolutionary Catechism ). Netchaïev returns to Moscow in August when it founds a secret society “the Vindication of the people”, which carry out for treason one of his members, the student Ivanov (cf Dostoïevski, the Demons ).
  • December 14th: Giovanni Lanza succeeds the general Menabrea like president of the Council of Italy with a program of financial austerity.

  • 134 865 Italians leave the country.

France

See also: 1869 in France

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1869 in science, 1869 in the railroads, 1869 in sport

Art & culture

See also: 1869 in music, 1869 in literature, 1869 with the theater

  • the king Louis II of Bavaria begins the construction of its castles of imagination.

  • Creation of the “'' Samaritaine ''” with Paris, first department store.

Births in 1869

Death in 1869

Beats-smg: 1869 Be-X-old: 1869 Map-bms: 1869 Simple: 1869 Zh-yue: 1869 年

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