1862

This page relates to the year 1862 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

February 19th: The king Mtesa of the Bouganda accommodates the explorer Speke and the Arab traffickers come by the south.
March 11th: Signature of the Treated of Obock, establishing a French protectorate on the north of the gulf of Tadjoura (Republic of Djibouti). France acquires the roads of Obock and buys the site of Djibouti for 10.000 thalers with the sultan of Raheito.
the March 16th, El Hadj Oumar Tall conquers the town of Hamdallaye, capital of the Empire peul of Macina. The king of Macina Amadou III makes alliance with the king of Ségou to resist El Hadj Omar.
15 - May 16th: The two sovereigns are overcome and the Peul kingdom of Macina is annexed to the empire of El Hadj Omar.

a chief Peul survivor, Ba Lobbo raises its people and besieges Hamdallaye, the capital. El Hadj Omar will die during her escape in the country Dogon (cliffs of Bandiagara) by the explosion in a cave of its powder reserve (February 12th 1864). The empire created by El Hadj Omar will perdurera however under the direction of its nephew Tidjani in North and of his son Ahmadou Tall (1864 - 1895) with Ségou, until the French occupation in 1893.

the May 19th, the French house is hoisted on the Territoire of Obock.
June 1st: The France acquires by treaty the Cape Lopez with the Gabon.
July 28th: Speke reaches the Lake Victoria.

Marius Daumas, agent of the Governed , is named French Consul to Ouidah ( Dahomey ).
Creation of the Methodist Mission in Gold Coast.
Wars of the Kongo and the Kasanje. The Portuguese forces in Angola count 7 000 with 8 000 men. The large one of the troops is made of black auxiliaries ( will guerra lent ) whose manpower are badly known.

Victoire of the Imbagala of the Kasanje on the Portuguese.
the Portuguese take the commercial crossroads of Malange, in Angola.

Forwarding of Baker to the Sudan.
the Egypt occupies Métemma.
the Négus of Ethiopia Théodoros II writes with the queen Victoria of the United Kingdom to propose to him a total alliance against the Othoman . The refusal of the Foreign office irritates the emperor, who retains, then imprisons the British consul Cameron and some other Europeans (1866). The Western diplomacy does not manage to obtain their release.

Théodoros succeeds in making manufacture guns by missionaries and craftsmen German and Swiss (1862 - 1863).

America

January, Mexico: Free-anglo-Spanish troops occupy Veracruz.
January 11th: The president of Honduras Guardiola is assassinated. The civil war begins again after six years.
February, Mexico: The president Benito Juarez succeeds in neutralizing the Great Britain and the Spain by the convention of Soledad. France, benefitting from the American Civil War, continues only the war (Expédition of Mexico, end in 1867). Napoleon III, encouraged by Morny, (which supports the credits of the Jecker banker on Mexico), wants to create a catholic empire, counterweight with the power of the the United States. To believe of them the Mexican refugees of France, victims of the liberals, the company appears easy.
April 12th: The statesman Bartolomé Miter makes the union of the Argentine and president is elected by it. He inaugurates two decades of liberal domination during which the national unification makes great progress. The local caudillos are reduced little by little and the overcome Indians.

April 28th: Battle of Mow Cumbres, with the Mexico
May 5th: First battle of Puebla, the French are put in failure by the Mexican general Zaragoza.
July 1st: The general Bazaine receives the command of the 1st division of infantry of the body of forwarding in Mexico.
In July, the general Forey replaces the general of Lorencez to the head of the French task force in Mexico, and at the same time, he exerts the functions of ambassador plenipotentiary of France in this country.
September: With Quebec, the Parliament examines the problem of the federation under triple railway, commercial and political aspect.
October 16th: Francisco Solano López is indicated with the capacity by his/her father, the president of the Paraguay (1862 - 1870).
In December, the French task force in Mexico counts 31 000 men and 50 pieces of artillery.

Declaration of war of the Colombia to the Ecuador. More than the different frontier ones, it is the nature of the capacity incarnated by the mystic Moreno who is at the origin of the conflict. According to the Colombian president, “it is necessary to deliver the Ecuador of the theocratic program of Moreno”. Beaten, Moreno remains however with the capacity.
the Spain intervenes with the Peru.

the United States

January 6th: Battle of Jenny' S Creek, gained by the troops of the Union ordered by James Abram Garfield
February-June: The forces of the Union (Grant, pope and Buell), helped of river drain-holes, seize strategic points on the the Mississippi, the Tennessee and the Cumberland.
8 - March 9th: Combat of Hampton Roads. The first combat between two battleships opposes the Merrimack , armed by the Southerners, and the Monitor , pertaining to the Northerners. There is no winner.
April 6th: Battle of Shiloh, with the the United States. The general confederated Johnston attacks the armies of Grant but is beaten and pushed back towards Corinth after a bloody battle.
April - May: The admiral of the Union Farragut and the troops of Butler capture the forts of the mouth of the the Mississippi, force the Orleans News to go (April 24th) then control the river until Port Hudson.
May 20th: In the United States, law Homestead Act which concedes 160 acres (647 free; 000 m ²) with any farmer having cultivated them at least five years.
June 6th: Destruction of the fleet confederated with the first battle of Memphis
June 25th July 1st: Battle Seven Days, with the the United States. Failure of George McClellan in front of Richmond. The Union moves back after a bloody battle.
July 1st: Decision to build the first transcontinental one. The government grants to the companies Union Pacific and Central Pacific of the advantageous loans and ten on both sides alternate federal ground sections of the embankment (surfaces doubled as of 1864). Immense strips of land escape the Homestead Act (181 million acres of 1851 with 1871).
15 - July 16th: Battle of Apache Not. Cochise, chief apache of the Chiricahuas becomes hostile with the White following the execution of several members of its tribe by the American troops.
July: The Congress of the United States vote a decree of confiscation which authorizes the stamping from the slaves belonging to the Masters who fight against the Union. The decree is not applied by the northerner generals and Lincoln does not impose it.
August 17th: Revolt Sioux. More than 700 colonists perish. The overcome Indians have nothing any more but the Dakota and the Montana.
28 - August 30th: Victoire Southerner with the Second battle of Bull Run, in Virginia, also called Second battle of Manassas.

the general Robert E. Lee pushes back two invasions of the Virginia then penetrates in North.

September 14th: Battle of South Mountain
September 17th: The Bataille of Antietam (Maryland) saves Washington of an attack of the Sudistes of Lee.
September 22nd: Lincoln makes public its “preliminary proclamation of emancipation”: it offers to the South a four months deadlines to cease the rebellion, by threatening of émanciper the slaves if the Southerners continued to fight, while promising not to touch with slavery in the States which would adopt the Union.
October 8th: Confederated the Bragg and Smith fails Perryville in their attempt at control of the Kentucky.
December 13rd: Victoire de Lee on the northerner Burnside with Fredericksburg in Virginia.
December 31st: Beginning of the Battle Stones To rivet it.

Asia & Indian world

June 5th, Indo-China: Treaty of Hooted, by which the emperor of the Vietnam You Duke is constrained to yield the Cochinchine (Saigon, Mytho and Bien-Hoa, as well as the island of Poulo Condor) to the France. The emperor grants to the Christians the free exercise of the worship.

September 14th, Japan: Samurai S of the stronghold of the Satsuma saber official British. This assassination is added to multiple incidents between xenophobe foreigners and samurais.

December 17th: Release of an insurrection against the French in Indo-China.

In China, the revolt Taiping threat Shanghai. The forces free British put in rout Taiping and invest Hangzhou.
Moslem Insurrection with the Gansu in spring (1862 - 1877). Ten million people would have succumbed because of this revolt and of its repression.
a Japanese ship goes to Shanghai.
Assassination by Japanese samurais of the interpreter of the American consul, the Dutch Henry Heusken.
Japanese commercial Missions in Europe. Takeaki Enomoto (1826-1908) goes officially to the Netherlands to initiate itself with Western naval constructions.

The Middle East

November 18th: Boring of the Isthmus of Suez.

Convention for the construction of a station of relay of the telegraph network installed between the India and the Great Britain. The possibility of transmission rapids through the Perse will transform the exercise of the capacity inside the country. The telegraph will make it possible to the shah more narrowly to control the activity of the provincial authorities.

Inauguration of a maritime vapor line between Bombay and Basra. The British make sure the monopoly of the means of communication between the Persian Gulf and the India.

Foundation of the Othoman Company of sciences and the Medjmu' a-i-fûnun. True intellectual fish pond, it will play a part comparable with that of the Encyclopédie in France at the 18th century. A review of debate appears with Istanbul, Tavsir i-Efkar , directed by the free thinker Ibrahim Chinasi who does not hesitate in his leading articles to criticize the conservatism of the government of the sultan.

Europe

January 22nd - February 3rd: Conservative government of Bearded Catargiu in Romania.
February 16th: Foundation of the physical exercise of the Sokol in Bohemia, inspired of the founded Turnverein German in 1811. Its anti-habsbourgeoise ideology will be taken again by the national minorities of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
February: The liberal nobility of Tver claims the meeting of a Zemski sobor in Russia.
March 29th: Treaty of free trade with the France signed by the Prussia in the name of the Zollverein. This treaty is felt with Vienna like a humiliation. The Austria, which does not cease since 1859 this reconciling Prussia with the detriment of its relations with the other German states, and which was seen refused in August 1860 an application to join in Zollverein, sees a nonGermanic state obtaining commercial advantages higher than his.
May: Fires with Saint-Pétersbourg. The Russian capacity benefits from it to denounce the nihilist intrigues . Many arrests (Pisarev, Tchernychevski). The company Zemlia I Volia is dismantled (dissolved in 1864).
Of July to October, Napoleon III authorizes a working delegation (Henri Louis Tolain) to go to London during the World Fair, in order to discover the British trade unionism.
September 19th: Otto von Bismarck becomes minister-president of the king de Prusse Guillaume Ier (fine in 1890).

constitutional Conflict in Prussia: Guillaume Ier wants to increase manpower of the army and must obtain from Landtag the lifting of the sums necessary. Landtag refuses. It east dissolves by Guillaume Ier in March, but the progressists triumph with the elections, and the new room pushes back the budget again. The majority of the Diet thus hopes to obtain democratic reforms and an active unit policy. Guillaume, who hesitates between the abdication and the coup d'etat, ends up calling Bismarck with the capacity, which its minister von Roon only presents to him like able to face the crisis. Bismarck uses the theory of the constitutional gap (no text obliges the king to yield in front of the deputies) to make vote of 1862 with 1865 a budget only approved by the room of the lords, without causing any agitation.

September 24th: In Poland, the conscription is not done any more by drawing lot but according to lists which the administration draws up.
October 26th: Abdication of Othon Ier of Greece. Benefitting from a visit of the king in province, garrisons are raised and force it with the escape. Since the introduction of the minority government of Miaoulis in 1860, various makes testifying to an increasing hostility to the royal family followed one another: insurrection of Nauplie in February and multiplication of the plots, of which the last at summer supported by London.
December 8th: Treated of Dappes between the France and the Swiss .

Suppression of the export duties with the Netherlands.
Foundation of the Bulgarian Legion, clandestine organization created with Belgrade by the patriot Georgi Rakovski, it intends to seize the power by a coup d'etat.
revolutionary Activities in Poland.

Italy

January 28th: Resignation of the president of the council Bettino Ricasoli.
March 3rd: Urbano Rattazzi, chief of the moderate left of the Parliament of the Piedmont succeeds to him (end in November). In spite of a considerable deficit of the budget of the State (480 million liras) and although engaged very hard in the fight against the “southernmost armed robbery”, Rattazzi encourages Garibaldi tacitly to undertake the conquest of Rome.
Leaving its place of retreat of Caprera in Sardinia, Garibaldi decides to conquer Rome in order to apply the wish expressed by the Italian Parliament in March 1861 to see Rome joined together with the Italy. In spite of the opposition clearly formulated by the king the August 3rd, it raises 4 000 red Shirts, crosses the strait of Messine, but is beaten close to Reggio of Calabria.
August 29th: The offensive on Rome of Garibaldi is completed in Calabria by the defeat of Aspromonte against the French. Garibaldi is wounded. Several soldiers of the national army who had joined it passed by the weapons.
November: Urbano Rattazzi resigns.
December 8th: Rattazzi is replaced for one short period by Luigi Carlo Farini, dictator of the Emilie before 1860.

5 793 students at the university.

France

Chronologies sets of themes

Art & culture

August 31st: With the Puerto de Santa María (Spain, Province of Cadiz), alternate of Handbook Fuentes there Rodríguez known as “Bocanegra”, Spanish Matador.
November 15th: The French dancer Emma Livry burns on scene at the time of an accident which has occurred during the repetitions of a ballet. She was the romantic last ballerina .

In its course with the Collège de France, Ernest Renan makes an apocalyptic description of the Semitic dull-wittedness which is opposed to the Aryan genius and its heiress the European culture enriched with the Greek sources.
the French architect Charles Garnier builds the Opéra of Paris (fine in 1875).
potato Growers, fabric of Millet.
the French painter Ingres painted the Turkish bath .
the dead Man, fabric of Edouard Manet.
Discovered first carved head Olmèque with the Mexico.

Births in 1862

January 8th: Joseph Déchelette French archeologist († October 4th, 1914).
January 15th: Loïe Fuller American dancer died in Paris on January 1st, 1928.
January 23rd: David Hilbert, German Mathematician
February 5th: Felipe de Jesús Villanueva Gutiérrez, Mexican type-setter. († May 28th 1893).
February 8th: Ferdinand Ferber, French pioneer of aviation
March 6th: Guerrita (Rafael Guerra Bejarano), Spanish Matador († February 21st, 1941).
March 28th: Aristide Briand, President of the Council French († March 7th, 1932).
April 14th: Felix Robert, Matador French († January 19th 1916).
July 14th: Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter
August 5th: Joseph Merrick, known as “elephant man” († April 11th 1890)
August 7th: Albert de Povourville, adventurous taoist
August 22nd: Claude Debussy, French type-setter
October 14th: Alexandre Goutchkov, Russian politician.
October 20th: Auguste Lumière, French pioneer of the Cinema
November 23rd: Desired Maroille, Belgian politician
November 30th: Hubert Krains, Belgian writer and Walloon militant († May 10th 1934).

Death in 1862

January 17th: John Tyler, old President of the United States.
February 3rd: Carl Ludwig Blume, Dutch botanist (° 1789).
February 3rd: Jean-Baptiste Biot, physicist, astronomer and mathematician (° 1774), who used the first the polarized light for the study of the solutions.
March 1st: Peter Barlow, mathematician and British physicist .
March 17th: Wheat-bearing Jacques Halévy, French type-setter, author of Jewish the.
April 15th: Frederick William Hope, British zoologist (° January 3rd 1797).
April 20th: Pepete (Jose Dámaso Rodríguez there Rodríguez), Spanish Matador (° December 11th 1824)
May 6th: Henry David Thoreau, essay writer, memorialist and American poet.
September 16th: Boniface de Castellane (74 years), Marshal of France and count d' Empire.
July 5th: Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist .
July 24th: Martin Van Buren, old President of the United States.
September 8th: Ignacio Zaragoza, Mexican soldier , general who illustrated themselves in the war against the French task force. (° March 24th 1829).
September 24th: Anton Martin Slomšek bishop and Slovenien pedagog (° 1800).
October 21st: Benjamin Collins Brodie, Physiologist and British Surgery N ,

Beats-smg: 1862 Be-X-old: 1862 Map-bms: 1862 Simple: 1862 Zh-yue: 1862 年

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