1853

This page relates to the year 1853 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • May 1st: The' Argentinian abolished the Slavery.
  • May 25th: The Confederation of the Plain Provinces of Río of Plata adopts a federal constitution that Buenos Aires refuses to initial, because it stipulates that its port activities are nationalized. The Argentine becomes a Federal state and Urquiza takes the title of “provisional director of the Argentinian Confederation”.
  • Riots with New York during the summer.
  • September 6th, Brazil: Beginning of the “apolitical” government of Conciliation of Carneiro Leão, marquis de Parana (fine in 1857).
  • September 10th: Treaty of Table Rock'n'roll. The Indians who populate the Oregon agree to yield their grounds to the colonists in exchange of 60  000 dollars, which will be never versed for them.
  • October 15th: the flibustier William Walker unloads in Low-California where he proclaims transitory a République of Low-California and Sonora after the catch of the capital, La Paz, the November 3rd.
  • December 30th: Gadsden Purchase : the United States buys 120  000 km ² with the Mexico for the construction of a railway in the south-west of the United States.

  • Intervention of the the United States to the Nicaragua to protect from the citizens and the American interests during the political disturbances.
  • the New Brunswick obtains a responsible ministry in front of the Parliament.
  • Oscar Levi Strauss invents the Blue-jeans.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • September 24th: In reprisals with the massacre of the French sailors of the Alcmène by natives, in November 1850, the rear-admiral Febvrier-Despointes takes possession of the New Caledonia as a colony. It from now on is attached to the French Établissements of Oceania (Tahiti). New Caledonia will be used as penal settlement.
    • the France, allied against the the United Kingdom against the Russia, does not run up against the British opposition. The island represents many strategic advantages: it can threaten News-Wales of the South and offers a base of folds in the event of war. Its position facilitates the traffic towards the Japan and the China. It is a distribution center of goods towards the Polynésie.

Africa

  • the Ashanti take again the offensive against the British. They invade the Assim.
  • the the United Kingdom equips the Coast-with-the Or with a Legislative council.

  • the Toucouleur El Hadj Omar Tall launches out in an holy war. It attacks its neighbors animists, seizes the gold-field of the Bambouk and Nioro (1854). Mû by the ideology universalist of Islam and a levelling renovation project of the company, it encourages the liberalism of the brotherhood Tidjaniya, of which he is the representative, and is promised to impose a “transcendent fraternity” to the people of Western Sudan.

  • the Portuguese explorers Silva Oporto and João da Silva go from the Atlantique coast of the Angola to the coast of the Mozambique by the interior (fine in 1856).

  • Libya: the Othoman governor Ahmad Yzzet Pasha into force undertakes a series of reforms inspired by the Tanzimat with Istanbul: he makes open the first governmental schools, creates a postal service and a sea link with the first vapors at the beginning of Libya.

Asia and Indian world

  • February 18th: The king of Burma Pagan Min is constrained to abdicate in favor of his half-brother Mindon Min.
  • March 19th: The Chinese rebels take the town of Nankin and make of it the capital of the kingdom Taiping (empire of the great purity), a religious movement anti-foreigner directed by Hong Xiuquan (1812 - 1864). Nankin is renamed Tianjing, the “celestial capital”.
  • May 31st: Intervention of the French Army in front of Tourane, to protect the catholic missions all while making sure of the outlets in Indo-China.
  • July 8th: An American squadron led by the commodore Matthew Perry enters the port of Uraga with a letter of the president of the the United States asking for the opening of the archipelago Japan board. Perry states that it will return in one year to seek the answer.
  • July 27th: Iesada Tokugawa becomes Shogun Japan (fine in 1858). Beginning of the period Bakumatsu, last period of the era Edo.
  • October 30th: The Chinese rebels walk on Beijing and reach Tianjin, but must withdraw themselves in the south of the Yangzi Jiang, incompetent to create an administration.

  • Rebellion of the Nian in China (fine in 1868).
  • Believed of the Huang He in China.
  • temporary Occupation of Sakhaline by the Russia.
  • Conquest of the fortress of Ak Metchet, in territory of Kokand by the Russians.
  • the British explorer Richard Burton enters Mecque.

Europe

  • February 6th: Riots of Milan: a handle of insurrectionists, bought with the money sent of Swiss by Mazzini, fail in a few hours and are massacred.

  • February 18th: Assassination attempt of Libényi against François-Joseph Ier of Austria.

  • March 3rd:
    • the pope Pie IX creates five évêchés with the Netherlands. The calvinist majority is drawn up against the establishment of a Catholic church. The king of the Netherlands repudiates the ministry Thorbecke at the time of the re-establishment of the catholic hierarchy, forcing it with the resignation in April.
    • imperial License abolishing the Serfdom in Austria - Hungary.
  • April 11th: The Belgium and the Russia tie diplomatic relations: Belgium having striped executives of the active service the Polish officers taken refuge after the revolt of 1830, Russia accepts to recognize it.
  • March 24th: Catholic peasants vainly try to reverse the radical government of Freiburg, in Suisse, which had taken measures against the Jésuites in 1842.
  • April 19th: Floris van Hall becomes the chief of the conservative government to the Netherlands (fine in 1856).
  • November 15th: Beginning of the reign of Pierre V, king of the Portugal (fine in 1861).

  • the count Grünne, chief of the military cabinet of the emperor François-Joseph Ier of Austria obtains the suppression of the ministry for the War, created at the time of the revolution of 1848.
  • Mgr Rauscher, former tutor of François-Joseph is named archbishop of Vienna.

Crimean War

  • January: Nicolas Ier of Russia lets foresee with the English ambassador John Seymour the possibility of a dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire. Reserve of the British.
  • March 21st: The Russia requires of the Othoman sultan , which reduced the freedom of access of the Christians to the Holy Lieux in March 1852, the recognition of the rights of its orthodoxe subjects.
  • May 24th: Napoleon III offers to the the United Kingdom to conclude an agreement intended to support the Ottoman Empire against the Russia.
  • July 3rd: In front of the refusal of the sultan Abdül-Medjid Ier to recognize the protectorate of the tsar on the orthodoxe ones of the Ottoman Empire, the Russians occupy the principalities moldo - Wallachian. Princes Ghica and Stirbei withdraw themselves in Vienna where a conference of the powers (Austria, France, the United Kingdom and Prussia) requires the evacuation of the Danubian principalities by the Russians and institute an international commission to regulate their statute. A Franco-English fleet presents to the entry Dardanelles.
  • September 26th: Meet Olmütz between François Joseph Ier of Austria and Nicolas Ier of Russia. Failure of the attempt at conciliation of Russia with England and France.
  • September 29th: The Porte, ensured of supports of Great Britain and of France, the war with the Russia declares.
  • October 30th: The count Achille Baraguey d' Hilliers is named ambassador and ambassador plenipotentiary attached to the Othoman government.
  • November 9th: Combat of Pitsounda.
  • November 30th: Battle of Sinop. The Russian fleet demolishes the Turkish fleet in the port of Sinope and takes the control of the Black Sea with the Othoman detriment of the . European balance is threatened by the expansionism of Russia. The British and French buildings block the the Bosphorus to protect Istanbul.
  • the Franco-English squadron passes the the Bosphorus the January 4th 1854.

France

See also: 1853 in France

Chronologies sets of themes

See also: 1853 in science, 1853 in sport

Art & Culture

See also: 1853 in music, 1853 in literature, 1853 with the theater

Economy & Company

  • May 16th: New code of the Work the children in Prussia. In industry, the children will have to be 10 years old completed and not to work more than six hours per day. Three hours are reserved for the school.
  • Abolition of the import duties in Great Britain, which allows a spectacular development of the production of tin in Malaysia.
  • the Austria sign a commercial treaty with the Zollverein.
  • the Netherlands have only 364 steam engines.

India

  • Famine in India (1853 - 1855).
  • First railway lines and of telegraph.
  • cotton Boom in the north of the Dekkan caused by the American Civil War to the the United States.
  • Creation of the first plantations of Quinquina. The south of India will become the first producer of the sub-continent.

Births in 1853

Death in 1853

Beats-smg: 1853 Be-X-old: 1853 Map-bms: 1853 Simple: 1853 Zh-yue: 1853 年

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