1850

This page relates to the year 1850 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • the population of the Ground rises to some 1,170 billion human beings.

Africa

  • Eighth war kaffir directed by the prophet Xhosa Mlanjeni, that its defeat discredits (fine in 1853).
  • Affrontement enters the British of the State d' Orange, directed by the major Henry Douglas Warden, and the Sotho (fine in 1852). Sotho have the advantage, and their capital, Thaba Bosiu, remains inviolate.
  • Guerre enters the Imbagala of the Cassange and the Portuguese (1850 - 1851). The kingdom of Cassange bursts in microphone-States.
  • Beginning of the reign of Mwezi Gisabo, king of the Burundi (fine in 1908). It completes the reforms initiated by his father Ntare Rugamba: elimination of the chiefs of chalk-linings or clans separatists, nomination of its sons more deserving with the head of the conquered areas, multiplication of the royal fields. Thanks to its various capitals, it gives at its itinerant court a glare without precedent. It creates a political structure and administrative complex.

Western Africa

  • the sultan of the Ouadaï Mohammed Chérif is reached of an almost complete blindness. The vassal tribes benefit from it to be raised. His/her oldest son Mohammed Harir tries to reverse it, but Mohammed Chérif gives up the town of Ouara, and founds a new capital with Abéché. It is maintained with the capacity in spite of the plots, but the prosperity of Ouadaï disappears for several years.

  • the Yoruba king Atiba pushes back a violent one raid Peul: two of the three provinces which constitute its kingdom, Ibadan and Ijayé (he even control surface with Oyo) are in state of war. Atiba, anxious to maintain the cohesion of its country to resist Peuls, attempts to prevent the conflict.

  • Failure of the embassy with Abomey of the British consul to “bays of the Benign and the Biafra” John Beecroft and of the commander Frederik Forbes, the Royal Navy.

  • Voyage of the French Léopold Panet in the the Western Sahara.

  • German Scientific exhibition of the doctor Heinrich Barth (fine in 1855). He is the first European to describe the central delta of the Niger and cliffs of Hombori which the Dogon populate. Started from Tripoli, it arrives at Tombouctou in 1853 and remains there eight month under the protection of Sidi el Bekay, chief of the Arabs Kounta. It returns by Bourem, Gao, Ansongo and the septentrional Nigeria.

Americas

  • Beginning of the American System off Watch Manufacturing with Roxbury (Waltham Watch Company). The American System off Manufacturing is an original method of mass production of products standardized with the simple and interchangeable parts and systematic use of machine tools. The arrival in mass of Irish or German immigrants provides of the personnel, qualified or not.
  • In 1850, end of the traffic of slaves towards the Brazil. Since 1775, the draft of the black slaves, touched nearly three million and half of human beings, which were torn off African continent to be controlled and sold to the Brazilian growers. The traffic interprovincial (migration of slaves of north towards the coffee plantations) compensates treats it and smuggling is replaced by the lawful trade.

Oceania

  • Discovered important gold layers in Australia (News-Wales and Victoria). The surge of pioneers upsets the country, from the new cities are born along the railways. The population quadruples in 20 years (405  000 inhabitants in 1850,1  600  000 in 1870).

Asia

  • March 9th: Beginning of the reign of Xianfeng, emperor of China (fine in 1861).
  • December: Beginning of the Rebellion Taiping in China against the dynasty Manchu (fine in 1864).

The Middle East

  • May 27th: Resumption of the insurrection Persian babist in : the partisans of the Bàb, imprisoned with Tabriz, raise themselves starting from the city of the Nayriz.
  • July 9th: The authorities retort by the execution of Bâb on the public place. Its young person wire, Mirza Yahta Nuri, known as Subh-i Azal, succeeds to him the head of the movement.

  • Beginning of the “Quarrel of the holy Places” between the France and the Russia.

Europe

  • Re-establishment of the catholic episcopal hierarchy to the the United Kingdom.
  • Electoral law in the Netherlands. The electorate is restricted with less 100  000 people. Laws provincial and local elections (1851) developing the autonomy of the local government agencies.
  • Publication of a list of noble families géorgiennes in Russia.
  • progressive Downgrading, since 1831, of most of the Polish nobility of Ukraine.
  • the tariff barriers are abolished between the Austria and the Hungary.
  • In Austria, the religious authorities obtain from François-Joseph the control of primary school education and the right to teach catechism in the colleges.
  • the ecclesiastical Gazette Viennese is authorized with the proviso of abstaining from any political reflection.

France

See also: 1850 in France

Italy

  • Victor-Emmanuel II of Savoy maintains the constitution liberal granted by his/her father Piedmont-Sardinia (the Statuto ), making it possible the dynasty to seem the champion of the liberal and national aspirations of the country. Not very interested by the policy, it leaves the government with its ministers of Azeglio, Rattazzi or Cavour.
    • January 9th: The president of the Council Massimo d' Azeglio dissolves the Room and the elections give the victory to the moderate ones. Peace with Austria can finally be signed. The ministry of Azeglio begins on the way of the reforms. Cavour enters to the government or it cumulates the wallets of Industry, Agriculture, the Trade and the Navy, then Finances (1851).
    • In March is proposed bills limiting the influence of the Church (abolition of the special courts for the clergy, tender with governmental authorization of the legacies in favor of the convents, reduction in been unemployed religious holidays). The laws are voted in spite of agitation and the tensions with Rome.
  • April 6th: Foundation of the review Jesuit Civiltà Cattolica in Naples; very near to the Holy See, she is often regarded as conveying the opinion of the pope on the go concern.
  • April 12th: Return to Rome of the pope, under the protection of the French.
    • has Rome, the cardinal Giacomo Antonelli, Secretary of State of Pie IX, follows a policy reactionary. Being wary towards France, it does not take account of the opinions of Oudinot, incentive the pope not to destroy all the liberal institutions installation. France recommends the general amnesty, the secularization of the administration, the Code Napoleon and a liberal government. The pope refuses. The Roman question is put: France maintains a task force in Rome to protect independence from the pope, which involves an estrangement with the liberals. But the goal of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, ignored by the pope, is to make it possible the task force to make pressure on the pontifical government so that it joins again the dialog with the Italian liberals.

Chronologies sets of themes

Arts & culture

See also: 1850 in music, 1850 in literature, 1850 with the theater

Sciences and technology

See also: 1850 in science, 1850 in the railroads

Exploration and Sports

1850 in sport

Births in 1850

Death in 1850

Beats-smg: 1850 Be-X-old: 1850 Map-bms: 1850 Simple: 1850 Zh-yue: 1850 年

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