1849 in France

This page relates to the year 1849 Gregorian Calendrier.

Chronology of France

1848 in France - 1849 - 1850 in France

January

January 1st: The first postal Timbre French is put in circulation.

Thursday January 4th: A Commission is formed by Falloux in order to study the school problem.
January 10th: Reorganization of the Public assistance.
January 11th: The duke of Noailles is elected with the French Academy. To the academic elections, Victor Hugo gave his voice to Balzac.
January 15th: Victor Hugo in front of the offices of the Parliament: “ on the Question of dissolution. ”
January 18th: Alexis de Saint-Priest is elected with the French Academy. Victor Hugo gave, once again, his voice with Balzac.
January 20th: Boulay of Meurthe is elected vice-president of the Republic.
January 29th:

Alexis de Tocqueville vote the Rake proposal for the abrogation of the mandate of the Constituent one; the proposal obtains only 5 votes of majority.
Victor Hugo with the Parliament: “ on the Separation of the Parliament. ”
Failure of the coup attempt of State of Changarnier.
Ball of the Wintergarden.

February

February 25th: Hugo: “In the night of February 25th, on precise indications, the police force made a descent with Neuilly. There one seized about thirty individuals occupied to make powder and balls. It was a true factory. A hundred have escaped and were run away by the windows on arrival of the agents. The others, taken in red-handed, were led to the prefecture. These men worked in a species of cellar at the bottom of which they had built a strange vault; it was an bracket painted in red surrounded by red flags grouped with red bonnets. B. told it to me the following day while saying to me: - The old republic had holy Guillotinette. Will the future republic have holy Potence? ”.

With the Parliament, Victor Hugo intervenes “ on the Completion of the Louvre ”.

March

Saturday March 3rd: Beginning of an epidemic of Cholera which lasts until September and makes more than sixteen thousand dead.
March 3rd: The “Burgrave S” of the street of Poitiers (conservatives and monarchists) constitute an electoral Committee which gather 36 deputies and 36 not-deputies.
March 3rd: Victor Hugo belongs to the electoral Committee of the street of Poitiers.
March 7th: With Bourges, opening of the lawsuits of risen of the May 15th 1848.
March 18th: Tiny room to misery, the sculptor Antonin Moine commits suicide.
March 20th: Died of Marie Dorval.

April

Tuesday April 3rd:

the High court, to Bourges, returns its verdict. Barbs and Albert is condemned to the deportation. Auguste Blanqui, at ten years. Sobrier, seven years. Raspail, six years. Float and Quentin, five.
With the Parliament, two interventions of Hugo. One, “ on the Freedom of the theater ”. The other, “ on the Helps with the Artists ”.

April 6th: Felix Dupanloup, bishop of Orleans.
April 7th: Decision to create, by elections, a legislative Parliament.
April 16th: Alexis de Tocqueville vote with the Parliament appropriations for the sending of an army corps to Rome threatened by the Austrian army after its victory with Novare.
April 21st: To support the “burgraves”, the press of the “Parti the Order” creates a “Committee of the moderate press”. One finds there the Event .
April 24th: Forwarding of Rome. Unloading of the French troops of the general Oudinot in the Papal States.
April 30th: The Oudinot general who orders the French troops in Italy approaches Rome. At this moment, it is charged to prevent a re-establishment of the pope under the exclusive authority of Austria. In front of Rome, Garibaldi pushes back Oudinot.

May

Wednesday May 2nd: Victor Hugo vote against the amnesty (“all is disturbed”).
May 6th: Victor Hugo gives his “report of mandate to the General association of the dramatic authors”.
May 7th:

the Constituent one disapproves the foreign politics of the government as a voter a blame; the following day, Edmond Drouyn de Lhuys, Foreign Minister, entrusts to Ferdinand de Lesseps a mission of conciliation between the Roman pope and republicans.
Put in minority, the ministry is not withdrawn.

7 - May 23rd: Alexis de Tocqueville and his wife remains in Germany. Frankfurt, it attends with the crisis which involves the dissolution of the Parliament. In its absence, he is elected with the legislative Parliament, first in his department, with 82.404 votes.
May 8th: Pose first stone of the working city of the street of Rochechouart, completed in 1851 and baptized quoted Napoleon, first example of the policy of social housing of Napoleon III.
May 11th: Died at 10 o'clock in the morning of Juliette Récamier. She dies of the epidemic of Choléra which prevails with Paris.
May 13rd: Election of the legislative assembly. The line (left the Order) obtains 450 seats. Thesocial ones (the “New Mountain”), 180 seats. Victor Hugo is elected tenth in Paris.
May 14th: Resignation of Leon To mow, Minister of Interior Department, shown abusive vote-catching maneuvers near the prefects.
May 26th: The constituent Assembly holds her ultimate meeting.
May 27th: Hercules de Serre is named writer with the commercial department with the Foreign affairs and Arthur de Gobineau account on him to find a situation.
May 28th: The legislative Parliament meets for the first time. With the legislative Parliament, André Dupin is elected president.
May 29th: Oudinot is authorized to take again the hostilities to Rome.

June

Friday the 1st er June: The mission Lesseps is pointed out. The Italian policy of the government is lengthily discussed with the Parliament in the following days.
June 2nd: Alexis de Tocqueville is named Foreign Minister in the government of Odilon Barrot and takes Arthur de Gobineau as principal private secretary. In its official dispatch of the June 6th, he declares with the ambassadors of France to Rome and Naples: “I find France already committed in a way which I did not have to choose. I hope, when decisive facts are accomplished, to preserve the States of the Church of the dangers of an interior reaction and a hostile foreign intervention to freedoms of Italy. ”
June 3rd:

Provided with new instructions and in accordance with the reversal with the French policy from now on favorable to the pope, Oudinot begins the head office of Rome.
Karl Marx is in Paris.

June 7th: Tocqueville, challenged with the Parliament on a draft treaty brought back by Lesseps, refuses to answer.
June 10th: Died of Bugeaud, victim of the Cholera.
June 11th: The Roman intervention causes the request for committal for trial of the ministry by Ledru-Rollin, for violation of the Constitution; it is pushed back by the Parliament. Tocqueville only intervenes to contradict the noise which part of the French cavalry would have been destroyed.
June 12th: Demonstration announced by the Mountain dwellers. With the reason for the insurrection which prepares with Paris, Tocqueville refuses the request of the extreme left to communicate diplomatic parts relating to the head office of Rome and proclamation on this occasion its solidarity with the ministry.
June 13rd: Last revolutionary day with Paris, directed by Ledru-Rollin against the forwarding launched to Italy to support the pope Black and white IX against the republican Giuseppe Mazzini (Huber). Paris and Lyon are put in state of siege. Without true popular support, the Parisian demonstration is quickly circumscribed with the districts of the street Saint Martin's day, and is crushed by the army: eight dead. Ledru-Rollin, chiefs of the Mountain dwellers, and Felix Pyat are constrained with the exile.
June 15th:

has Paris, of punitive forwardings take place against printing works of the republican newspapers.
With Legislative, intervention of Victor Hugo “ on the plundering of printing works ”.
Par stopped of Tocqueville, Foreign Minister, Gobineau is named principal private secretary with treatment of seven thousand francs. If it is proud to be become “something”, it is not very sure of the future of its situation, and his wife, obliged to live Paris, fears the cholera and the émeutes.

June 17th: the Century gives a report on the dissatisfaction with the deputies towards Victor Hugo for his interpellation of the 15.
June 18th: The project of law on teaching is submitted to the assembly.
June 19th:

Suspension of the right of association. A law giving for one year to the government the right to prohibit any club or public meeting is voted.
Armand of Melun deposits a proposal intended to hasten the development of relative laws to the precaution and the public assistance. A parliamentary commission must pay on this proposal. Victor Hugo in fact part.
Declaration of Victor Hugo in front of the offices of the Legislative one: “ to support the Melun proposal of an investigation on misery . ”

June 25th: With the Parliament, Tocqueville defends a policy of European peace while answering two interpellations, that of François Mauguin on the dangers of the Russian expansion and that of Savoye on the German businesses and the repression of the revolution in the country of Bade by the Prussian troops.
June 26th:

Tocqueville briefly answers a question about the conflict between Germany and Denmark, arbitrated by Russia and the United Kingdom; attacked derechef by Mauguin on the intervention of the Russian troops in Hungary and Poland, he challenges his assumption of a coalition of the powers absolutists against the French Republic.
Declaration of Victor Hugo at the 4th office of Legislative “the against the law on teaching ” (law deposited by Falloux 18).

June 30th: Oudinot enters Rome.

July

Tuesday July 3rd: Taken of Rome by the general Oudinot who, the 14, proclaims the re-establishment of Magpie IX.
July 5th: Inauguration of the railway line of the East.
July 8th: Lamartine is elected in Loiret (and in addition in the Saône-et-Loire) during complementary elections.
July 9th: With Legislative, speech of Victor Hugo “on misery”. Victor Hugo denounces the operations of the right-hand side to bury the Melun project.
July 10th: Business of the Rio of Plata. Tocqueville files in on the desk of the Parliament an extraordinary bill of fund to support Montevideo (Uruguay), besieged since 1843 by Manuel Oribe, the former president, combined of the Argentinian dictator Rosas. Though favorable to the treaties negotiated by the admiral Prédour in spring and which recommend to get along with the latter, he wants to preserve at France a strong position in the future negotiations.
July 14th: History of the Revolution of 1848 , by Lamartine.
July 27th: Laws restricting the Freedom of the press.

the law on the press drawing up the prior approval of publication is adopted; it will cause the disappearance of many newspapers. The hawkers are directly aimed.

Gobineau is given to its functions at Tocqueville with passion. It takes share “with the diplomatic life in what it has of more complete” and regards its station as an excellent school for the career diplomatique.

August

Monday August 6th: The Parliament, Alexis de Tocqueville answers Frederic Arnaud of Ariège, which had challenged it on the business of Rome. He affirms the need for the restoration of the temporal power of the pope but defends the principle of liberal institutions. The same day, the Piedmont and the Austria sign the peace of Milan to which contributed the Franco-English mediation.
August 9th: An organic law on the state of siege is adopted.
August 12th: Inauguration of the railway line of Paris to Lyon.
August 17th: Resumption of Marie Tudor of Hugo.
August 21st: Opening, in Paris, of the international Congress of Peace. Elected official chair international Congress of Peace, Victor Hugo makes the opening speech.
August 24th: Karl Marx leaves Paris for London.
August 24th: Victor Hugo: “ Closing speech of the Congress of Peace ”.
August 24th November -10: the Abbey of Typhaines of Gobineau appears in the monarchical Union .
August 27th: In its absence, Tocqueville is elected president of the General advice of the Manche by 24 votes against 20 with Havin. Arrived the August 30th, it attends the meeting of the 31 but it is recalled to Paris by a telegram on September 1st.

the provincial Review cease to appear.

September

September 7th: The letter of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte with Edgar Ney, dated from the preceding August 18th , appears the 7 with the Moniteur . The disavowal of the Prince-President of the policy of reaction of Pie IX causes a governmental crisis (the minister legitimist Alfred de Falloux resigns) which serves the interests of the left the Order. Odilon Deck-beam dream a time to yield the place to Adolphe Thiers, presented by the satirical newspaper the Silhouette making run the noise that “Tap-tap withdraws businesses to be devoted exclusively to the education and the friendship of its greyhounds”.
Saturday September 8th:

Decree creating a provisional municipal Commission which will last until the fall of the Second Empire.
Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet undertakes a court travels. Compiegne, Montdidier, Moreuil, Amiens, Ailly-the-High-Bell-tower, Abbeville, Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Tréport, Dieppe, Beauvais, Clermont.

September 17th:

Retour of Hugo and Juliette with Paris.
Victor Hugo deposits with the Council of State “ on the freedom of the theater ”.

September 30th: Second deposition of Hugo to the Council of State on the freedom of the theater.

October

Monday the 1st er October: In the Event , Adèle Hugo publishes an article over the last year of the life of Mrs. Dorval.
October 12th: In order to give a support for the Sublimates Door, the French fleet is sent in the Dardanelles to join the English fleet.
October 15th: In front of the offices of Legislative, Victor Hugo intervenes on the forwarding of Rome.
October 16th: Outcome of the crisis in the East. The tsar grants the internment of the Polish and Hungarian refugees in the Turkish prisons, where they will remain during two years.
October 17th: Died of Frederic Chopin.
18 - October 20th: Alexis de Tocqueville must take stock with the Parliament on the Roman question after the Motu landlord and issued by Pie IX, the preceding September 12th amnesties it. Two days later, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte carries out a spectacular volte-face, approving the pontifical policy.
October 19th: With Legislative, speech of Victor Hugo “on the Forwarding of Rome ”.
October 20th: Victor Hugo, with the Legislative one: “ Answer to Montalembert ''. ”

October 21st: Victor Hugo writes his “ letter with the members of the Congress of Peace, in London ” (it will appear in the Event November 4th).

October 31st: Louis Napoleon Bonaparte dissolves the ministry Odilon Barrot and appoints a new made up government ministers who are from now on more responsible than in front of the only president (Rouher, Fould) and from where the catholics (ministry of release) are excluded. The new team, directed by the general of Hautpoul, includes/understands several ministers Bonapartists. Tocqueville is not any more minister and will not be it any more.

November

Friday November 9th: By decree of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, contresigned by the general of Hautpoul, Gobineau is named first secretary of the legation of France with Bern.
November 16th: In Russia, Dostoïevski is condemned to death.
November 27th: Law pointing out the prohibition of the strikes.
November 28th: Gobineau leaves Paris lice to return its functions to Bern. The voyage is made difficult by the cold. It arrives at Delémont the 30 at the evening and sets out again about it the following day for Bern. In Bern, it settles initially in Sommerleist close to the old door of Morat. At the beginning of January 1850, he moves street of the Gentlemen (Junkerngasse).

December

Saturday December 22nd: After a show of execution, the sorrow of Dostoïevski is commuted to forced labors.

Internal bonds

the year 1849 in the world
Chronology of France under the Second Republic (1848-1852)

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