This page relates to the year 1845 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • Forwarding around the world of the Galathea , ordered by the Dane Sten Ball (1845 - 1847).

Africa

  • March 19th: Beginning of the reign of Tinder II, wire of Tinder Cheikhou, king of the Macina (fine in 1852). It reigns on a pacified country and thrives, alive in good intelligence with its neighbors.

  • June 13rd, Madagascar: United action without a future of the navy of war free - British against Tamatave (Romain-Desfossés, Kelly).
  • October 2nd: Treaty britannico - omani (Atkins Hamerton) prohibiting the draft outside the possessions of Zanzibar (come into effect in 1847). The price of the slaves crumbles, facilitating the acquisition of a cheap labor by the tradesmen of the coast.

  • Dryness in Western Africa (1845 - 1848).
  • Mission of John Duncan with Abomey in the name of the Royal Geographical Society British.
  • Died of the Zulu chief Zwangendaba. It had led its warriors in country Swazi, Thonga and Chona where they had mixed with the population, then crosses the Zambezi until the Tanganyika. With its death, its warriors disperse and found provisional kingdoms.
  • Creation with Luanda of a court portugo - British intended to judge the businesses of slaveries.
  • Between 1845 and 1860, three merchants of Zanzibar succeed in making the double crossing of Africa, Bagamoyo to Benguela and of Benguela with Bagamoyo.
  • the foreigners are subjected to the Malagasy law. The French industrialists Napoleon de Lastelle and Jean Laborde are integrated in the aristocracy Mérina.

The Maghreb

  • the duke of Aumale occupies Biskra and receives the tender of the Ouled-Soltan. The general Marey advances until Laghouat.
  • March 18th: Convention of Lalla-Marnia, which delimits the border algéro-Morrocan woman.
  • June 18th: The general Pélissier, covered by Bugeaud, smokes out a thousand of Arabs in the caves of Dahra.
    • the sherif idrisside Mohammed ibn Abd Allah (called Drunk Ma' za) joins together an army with Dahra, sermon the revolt against the occupant and gathers increasingly many partisans. Sidi-Beautiful-Abbots and Tlemcen is threatened.
  • 23 - September 26th: Battle of Sidi-Brahim.
    • On its side Abd el-Kader, taken refuge with the Eastern Morocco, endeavors without much success to reunify the divided tribes. It receives supports it Kabyles Djurjura and in south-west, of the Awla Sidi Shaykh and takes again the combat. The September 26th, 5000 of its men destroy close to Sidi-Brahim the 430 men of the lieutenant-colonel Montagnac. A few days later, a French detachment capitulates without fighting close to Ain Témouchent.
    • These two events are at the origin of a great insurrection which lasts of November 1845 with July 1846. Bugeaud returns precipitately of metropolis and sets out again in shift (1845 - 1847).

Americas

  • January 19th, Quebec: Blessing of a vault on bank is river of the Mill To call Saint-Name-of-Jesus. First intended for the “white” Chicoutimi has.
  • February 28th: Peace of Ponche Verde to the Brazil. The Révolution of Farroupilha is crushed after ten years of fights by the armies of Pierre II of Brazil, led by the duke of Caxias. The République Juliana joined the Empire of Brazil.
  • March 1st: the president John Tyler sign the law authorizing the the United States to annex the republic of the Texas.
  • March 3rd: The Florida becomes the twenty-seventh state of the American Union.
  • March 4th: Beginning of the democratic presidency of James K. Polk with the the United States (fine in 1849).
  • April 20th: Ramón Castilla (1797-1867) becomes president of Peru (1845 - 1851 and 1855 - 1862). It bases the economic power of the Peru on the exploitation of the layers of Guano and Nitrate of soda.
  • June 24th: The Canada obtains a Parlement.
  • November 20th: The French navy and the English navy crush the fleet of Rosas, the Argentinian dictator, in Obligado. Blockade of Buenos Aires.
  • November: The US president James Knox Polk sends to Mexico the diplomat John Slidell to negotiate the adjustments of border making it possible to regulate the requests for allowance deposited by the American citizens (injured during the Mexican revolutions) against the Mexico, like making an purchase offer of the California. The Mexican authorities refuse to treat with Slidell.
  • December 29th: The Texas becomes the twenty-eighth state of the American Union. Beginning of the américano-Mexican War (fine in 1848).

  • Demonstrations of Irish workers against the annexation of the Texas to New York, Boston and Lowell.
  • Formation with Lowell of Association for the reform of the work of the women, which claims by thousands of petitions the introduction of the ten hours day. The Parliament of the Massachusetts orders a public survey on the work conditions in the textile factories, which concluded with their conformity.
  • Agreement britannico - Brazil IEN authorizing the Cruiser S British to capture the Brazilian ships slave trader S.

Asia

  • the Khmer, exasperated by the policy of vietnamisation, are raised against the occupation Vietnam ienne. Vietnameses are massacred in all the country. Vietnameses and Siamese decide to proclaim Ang Duong king of Kampuchea under their double suzerainty (end in 1859).
  • December: Ang Duong, brother of Ang Chan, is given on the throne of Kampuchea. He endeavors to rebuild the country and tries without success to bind friendship with France (1853 and 1856).

The Middle East

  • Taken again confrontations between Druzes and Maronites with the Lebanon. The administrative experiment of the Porte in Lebanon is a failure. Europeans reproach the Door slowness institutional reforms. Chekib Effendi, which directs a mission of Othoman investigation, called upon the army to restore the order.

Oceania

  • March 11th, Flagstaff War : Rising maori against the British in reaction to the policy of colonization. The Maoris set fire to the town of Kororareka.
  • November 18th: George Grey becomes governor of New Zealand. He knows the habits and the language maori and succeeds in bringing back the calm one in 1846.

Europe

  • February 3rd: Karl Marx is summoned to leave Paris by Guizot because of its revolutionary activities. It takes refuge with Brussels where it organizes and directs a network of revolutionary groups dispersed through Europe and known under the name of communist Comités of correspondence .
  • May 29th: Treaty enters the France and the the United Kingdom relating to the right of access of the ships.
  • May 18th, Spain: Abdication of Gift Carlos in favor of his son Charles-Louis.
  • May 23rd: Constitution copied on that of the Monarchy of July in Spain.
  • June 19th: The First Belgian minister Jean-Baptiste Nothomb resigns following the result of the legislative ones, which he interprets like a disavowal of the unionism. Beginning of the government of union of the liberal Sylvain Van de Weyer in Belgium.
  • July 23rd: In Prussia, the capacity puts an end to twenty years of conflict by recognizing the right to the old man-Lutherans not to adhere to the evangelic Union.
  • August: Prohibition of the night-work of the older children of less than twelve years in Russia.
  • September 23rd: Rising of Rimini against the pope.
    • After the failure of rising Mazzini in of Romagna, Massimo d' Azeglio stresses the character retrogresses and fixed of the pontifical government which causes innumerable revolts. He considers reforms, even a Piedmontese intervention in central Italy, and succeeds in convincing Charles-Albert of the founded good of an Italian confederation removed from the Austrian influence.
  • December 11th: Swiss crisis of the Sonderbund (1845 - 1847). The catholic cantons (Schwyz, Uri, Unterwald, Lucerne, Zoug, Freiburg, Were worth) form a separatist league to be opposed to anticlericals measurements radicals.
  • December: Creation of a Company of the students of Paris , which gathers the future organizers of the Rumanian national movement.

  • Metternich refuses to reinforce the military organization of the Germanic Confédération.
  • the king Oscar I {{er}} of Sweden gives up under viceroy of Norway. He recognizes the Norwegian national flag and commits himself respecting the decisions of the Storting .
  • Criminal Code in Russia.

France

See also: 1845 in France

  • July 18th (and 19): A law envisages the abolition of the Esclavage but specifies neither the expiry nor the methods.

  • September 8th: Second visit of the Queen Victoria in France, with the castle of Have, in the estival residence of the king Louis-Philippe.
  • November 10th:
    • Soult gives up the ministry for the War to keep only the presidency of the Council, which becomes gradually a simple honorary function, the role of President of the Council being assumed in fact by Guizot.
    • Marriage of Miss, single sister of the count de Chambord, with the prince Ferdinand of Bourbon-Parma.
  • December 27th: Opening of the parliamentary session of 1846.

  • Economic crisis, due to bad grain crops worsened by an epidemic concerning the potato (1845-1846).
  • Confronted with criticisms combined of the royalists extremists and the republicans, the government of Guizot became increasingly authoritative.

Chronologies sets of themes

Religion

  • October 9th: Ready the Anglican John Henry Newman converts with the Catholicisme. In its Test on the development of the Christian doctrines , it shows the bonds of the dogmas with their historical context.

Art & culture

See also: 1845 in music, 1845 in literature, 1845 with the theater

  • Ľudovít Štúr publishes the Journal of the Slovak nation , weekly policy with democratic tendency.
  • the Sultan of Morocco fabric of Delacroix.

Sports

  • the Sussex is crowned champion of Cricket in England.
  • Tournament of Water tournaments with Toulon. The winner receives a gold watch.

Science and technology

See also: 1845 in science

Economy & Company

  • Beginning of the Great famine in Ireland. Massive emigration towards America (end in 1848).
    • the population of the Ireland culminates to 8,3 million inhabitants. Following the Famine and the emigration, it falls to 6,9 million in 1850 and 6 million in 1855.
  • Economic crisis in Germany: unemployment, reduction of the wages.
  • Economic depression with the Portugal.
  • Disease of potato to the Netherlands, in Ireland and France.
  • Second boom of the Railroad to the the United Kingdom (1845 - 1847), which employs until 300  000 people.
  • Seulement 30 of the 634 Portuguese “factories” uses the vapor.
  • the Italian economist the count Petiti writes a work showing that a coherent railway network could be built only if the Italy were unified, at least economically. On his side, the pope Gregoire XVI refuses the railroad likely to hawk the novel ideas.
  • Appearance of the tree with Quinquina in Indonesia. Forty years afterwards, the the Indies Dutchwomen will have the monopoly of the Quinine.
  • Angola: The kingdoms of Luanda and Benguela count 400  000 people of which 1  832 White (156 women), 5  789 mulattos, 300  000 free Blacks and 86  000 slaves. The town of Benguela counts 600 male houses, but only 38 White and a woman. In the back country live six White. Apart from the political officials and rich person traders, the majority of the Portuguese are degradados , common law criminal come from the metropolis. The colony suffers from a permanent financial crisis. The army, mainly made up of Blacks framed by some White, is of a legendary mediocrity.

Births in 1845

Death in 1845

Beats-smg: 1845 Be-X-old: 1845 Map-bms: 1845 Simple: 1845 Zh-yue: 1845 年

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