1844

This page relates to the year 1844 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

  • Independence of the Texas with respect to the Mexico.
  • At the time when the Congress of the United States debate of the annexation of Texas, the president Santa Anna makes close all the ports of the New Mexico to the commercial traffic.
  • the Brésil recognizes the independence of the Paraguay.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • Night of the 2 to the March 3rd: A French sailor is made take the baillonnette of his rifle by Tahitien. Beginning of the Business Pritchard.
  • July 8th: The chief maori Hone Heke cuts down the chechmate of the Union Jack. Beginning of an unfruitful rising of the Maoris against the the United Kingdom in New Zealand ( Flagstaff War , end in 1848).

Africa

  • March 6th: Agreement ( Jump ) between the British and the coastal people of the Gold Coast. The chiefs Fanti recognize the positive contributions of the British administration as regards right, commit themselves to give up the “human sacrifices and another cruel habits” and taking care that “the habits of the country are ground on the general principles of the British Law”.

  • the asantehene Kwaku DUA prohibits the access of Kumasi to the foreign Moslems (1844 - 1896).

  • Forwarding of Raffenel to the Boundou (fine in 1847).
  • French Penetration in the area of the Oubangui-Chari. The country is crossed by many ethnos groups which flee either the traffickers of slaves, or despotism of the Moslem chiefs. The French meet there companies organized around the clans or of the families and the military sultanates of which one of the activities is the deportation of the people oubanguiens towards the East.

The Maghreb

  • Abd el-Kader, taken refuge with the Morocco in front of the French advance of the troops, convinces the sultan Mulay Abd rear-Rahman, to send an army to the border algéro-Morrocan woman.
  • the border incidents which multiply between the Morocco and the Algérie oblige the French to build a fort with Lalla-Marnia with the beginning of the year. The sultan of the Morocco protests against what he regards as a violation of territory and calls with the holy war the Moroccan tribes.

  • : Creation of a direction of the Arab Businesses supervising the local Arab offices in the provinces of Algiers, Oran and Constantine.

  • May: Bugeaud successfully attacks with Ouarezzedine Flissas, tribe alive kabyle between the Isser and the Sebaou.
  • the May 30th, of the Moroccan troops attack the French troops based in the Oranais. Bugeaud, not to dissatisfy the Great Britain, enters in talks with the caïd of Oujda but the negotiations are stopped by an attack of the Moroccan cavalry.
  • June 15th: New Moroccan attack.
  • June 19th: Bugeaud occupies Oujda, with the Morocco, then is withdrawn to encourage the government of the sherifs to negotiate, but in vain.
  • July 3rd: Third Moroccan attack.
  • August 6th: The negotiations carried out by the prince de Joinville having failed, Tangier is bombarded by the French fleet.
  • August 14th: Battle of Isly: Victoire of the 11  000 men of Bugeaud on 60  000 Morrocans on the edges of the Wadi Isly. At the end of the morning the Moroccan army is relaxed, leaving 800 men on the ground (27 killed and 96 wounded French side).
  • August 15th: Joinville bombards Mogador and the sultan asks for peace.
  • the September 10th, Joinville sign for France the Convention of Tangier (dismissal of the Moroccan troops of the border; internment, in the event of capture, of Abd el-Kader in a Moroccan city of the Atlantic ; n the other hand, the French troops evacuate Mogador and Oujda). The Convention of Lalla-Marnia, the March 18th 1845, supplements that of Tangier by delimiting the border algéro-Morrocan woman.

    • the sultan of Morocco, in spite of the opposition of part of the population, tries to preserve good relationships with the France.

    • the French victory of Isly worries the British, who are presented in the form of defenders of Moroccan independence. The new consul near the Sultan, John Drummond-Hay, will work with the bringing together anglo-Morrocan.

Asia

  • April 28th, Japan: Intervention of French ships ordered by Fornier-Duplan in the Ryūkyū under the pretext of carry help to shipwrecked men.
  • July 3rd: between the the United States () and China ()
  • October 24th: Commercial treaty of Huangpu between the France and the China (Theodore de Lagrené): extraterritoriality for the foreigners and prohibition with the Chinese civils servant to intervene in their trade.

  • Beginning of the Chinese emigration with the Laos: the Hmongs (Méos), undertake in north the culture of the Pavot. Their arrival is supported by the chaos which reigns then in Laos, victim of the quarrels of succession, the competitions of the princes and the heterogeneity of the population of his culture.

Europe

  • May 3rd: Government Ramón María Narváez there Campos in Spain.
  • March 8th: Beginning of the reign of Ier Oscar of Sweden and Norway (fine in 1859).
    • the Sweden then knows a period of calm so much on the external level (the Diet at summer open to the middle-class of the cities and the campaigns) that in foreign politics. With Ier Oscar, the country enters during one time of liberalism marked by a increased Freedom of the press, a reform of the penal code and the arrival of a new political personnel.
  • March 16th: The Greece adopts a Constitution creating a bicameral Parliament and a constitutional monarchy. The legislative elections prepare in a climate of civil war, which is avoided only by the revocation of the cabinet Mavrocordato and the nomination by the king Othon Ier of Greece of a government directed by francophile the Kolettis.
  • March 28th: Creation of the Civil guard in Spain.
  • June 6th: Intervention of the Prussian troops in Silesia, to repress an insurrection of tisserands. The character strapping of repression and the misery of the workmen strike the German intellectuals and artists.
  • July 25th, Italy: Failure of an insurrectionary attempt of the Brothers Bandiera with Cosenza in Calabria, initiative disadvised by Mazzini. The failures complete to discredit Mazzini, which is disputed on its right-hand side and its left by men like Nicola Fabrizi, Luigi Carlo Farini or Ricciardi.
  • August 28th: Meet between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with Paris.
  • October 10th: Meeting of the the Cortes in Spain.

  • With the Netherlands, a proposal for a revision of the constitution advanced by Thorbecke and eight deputies liberal is rejected. Guillaume II of the Netherlands prefers to rest on the moderate ones and called upon Floris van Hall to rectify the public purses.
  • Belgium: Creation of the neologism " Wallonnie" by the writer Joseph Grandgagnage.
  • Russia: Failure of an attempt at country insurrection in the Russian part of the Galicie. Its instigator, the catholic priest Piotr Sciegienny, is stopped, condemned to death, before being pardoned and deportee.

France

See also: 1844 in France

The United Kingdom

  • Foundation in London of the English Church Union , charged to defend the Church Anglican against the attacks of the Parliament.
  • Famine in Ireland (1844 - 1845).
  • Origins of the co-operative movement with Rochdale (Company of the equitable pioneers of Rochdale).

Chronologies sets of themes

Religion

  • May 23rd: Announces Báb with Shiraz (Iran) of its Messianic mission. First day of the calendar Badi `, the calendar of the Bahaïsme.
  • June 27th: Joseph Smith, first president of the Church of Jesus-Christ of the Saints of the Last Days (of which the members are usually called Mormons) and candidate with the presidency of the United States is lynched with died by a crowd in Illinois.
  • October 22nd: Great disappointment . 1844 were the date envisaged by William Miller for the second arrival of Jesus-Christ.
  • December: Secession within the Church Baptist with the the United States. To have declared that the possession of slave is incompatible with the quality of missionary, the foreign missions Baptists scissionnent after the decision of the Baptists of the south to found their own association in Alabama.

Economy & Company

    • Modernization of the port of Akyab in the Arakan (Burma), which becomes the largest world port of export of Riz: the alterations of the thatch docks into brick piers are completed by convicts.
    • Boom of exports of Wax in Angola. To Luanda, they pass from 52  690 pounds in 1844 to 1,7 million in 1857.
    • Delle speranze of Italia , work of Cesare Balbo, which thinks that after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire the Austria could extend in the Balkans on the condition of yielding in compensation the Lombardy to the Piedmont. While waiting, the sovereigns would be held to adopt in the transitory an advisory mode, to reinforce the army and the navy, to promote economic activity and cultural solution, and to create a unified railway network and a customs union.
    • the prince of Serbia Alexandre Karađorđević attacks the Alexandre Karađorđević (system of widened family which has goods in community). He intends to support the personal property and the independence of the individuals.
    • Hungary: construction by the liberal Széchenyi of the first permanent bridge connecting Buda to Pest.
    • progressive Introduction into the Western provinces of the Russian empire of inventories fixing the obligations of the serfs strictly and limiting the power of the Polish owners (1844 - 1848).

Art and Culture

See also: 1844 in music, 1844 in literature, 1844 with the theater

Sports

  • 24 - September 25th. First international match of Cricket. He opposes to New York the Canada and the E. - U..
  • Foundation of the Company of Gymnastics of Lyon .

Science and technology

See also: 1844 in science

Births in 1844

Death in 1844

Be-X-old: 1844 Map-bms: 1844 Simple: 1844 Zh-yue: 1844 年

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