1840 in France
This page relates to the year 1840 of the Gregorian Calendrier.
Events
January
- January 1st: Final introduction of the Metric system and abandonment of the Measuring units of the Old Mode (restored by Napoleon i in 1812 after the first abolition the 1793), pursuant to the law of the July 4th 1837.
- Thursday January 9th: Victor Hugo succeeds Honore de Balzac with the presidency of the Société of the men of letters.
- January 14th: The Parisian national guards express to obtain the right to vote. The petitions which circulate in their favor gather close to 190 000 signatures.
- January 15th: The general Bugeaud puts the question of the French policy in Algérie in front of the Room: the alternative is according to him the immediate evacuation or the total occupation.
- January 31st: Auguste Blanqui is condemned to died by the Court of the pars. Judgment commuted because of the precedent of Barbs.
February
-
Sunday February 2nd: Battle of Mazagran, French victory in Algérie against the troops of Abd El-Kader.
- February 20th: Academic election. Pierre Flourens is elected. Victor Hugo obtains 14,15,14, and 12 votes.
- February 21st: Resignation of the ministry Soult, put in minority on a project of equipment for the duke of Nemours at the time of his next marriage.
- February 25th: Charles Baudelaire sends to Victor Hugo a letter of admiration.
March
-
Sunday the 1st er March: Second ministry Thiers , ministry of center left, chaired by Adolphe Thiers. Replaced the last day of October. Rémusat is Minister of Interior Department " I look like a very happy time of my life the eight months of concern, of preoccupation with an anxiety which were passed from March 1st to October 29th, 1840 " (rémusat Memories T3 p 337) . Alexis de Tocqueville, which hated the Machiavellism of Thiers, supports it nevertheless in its quarrelsome policy in the East.
- March 6th: Soult sign the nomination of François Guizot as ambassador with London.
- March 8th: Law on the organization and the extension of the competence of the bankruptcy courts.
- March 12th: Catch of Cherchell by the French Army. The duke of Orleans and the duke of Aumale are there.
- March 14th: Theater of the Door Saint Martin's day: first of the Vautrin of Balzac.
- March 15th: Frédérick Lemaître shown to have wanted to make a load of Louis-Philippe, the minister prohibited Rémusat Vautrin .
- March 16th: Victor Hugo accompanies Balzac with the ministry to protest against the prohibition of Vautrin .
- Gobineau founds with some friends, Maxime Of the Camp, Paul de Molènes, Hercules and Gaston de Serre, the Sérénissime Société of Scelti , or Cousins of Isis , the purpose of which is to help its members to make career.
April
-
Friday April 17th: In Algeria, the French troops occupy Médéa.
- April 24th: Alexis de Tocqueville publishes at Gosselin the second part of Of the democracy in America, which obtains less success than the first.
- April 27th: The marriage of the duke of Nemours and the princess Victoire of Saxony-Cobourg-Kohary is celebrated with the Château of Saint-Cloud.
May
-
Friday May 9th with the June 20th: bill on the reform of the prisons defended by Alexis de Tocqueville.
- May 12th: Adolphe Thiers obtains a broad credit so that the prince de Joinville can bring back Sainte-Hélène ashes of the emperor Napoleon i.
- May 12th: Crossing of the Atlas by the French Army.
- May 16th: Publication of the Rays and the Shades of Hugo.
- May 16th: Inauguration of the new room of the Op3era Comique, Favart place.
- May 16th: After its fire, installation of the Theater of the Light comedy in old the Theater of the Innovations of the place of the Stock Exchange (cf street Vivienne). It had been founded in 1791 by the knight of Piis and Barré, by the transformation into a theater of the Waux-hall of Winter, room of dance located on part of the grounds of the ex- Hôtel of Rambouillet, in the street of Chartres-Saint-Honore connecting the place of the Palais Royal to that of the Carousel. This theater having burned in the night from July 16th to 17th 1838, its troop went to play temporarily in the room of the Gymnasium (cf data base of Good-News).
- May 18th: Catch of Miliana in Algeria.
June
-
Wednesday June 3rd: France publishes a news of Gobineau, the Marriage of a prince . The following numbers, June 4th, 5th and 6th, take the action pursuant. (It was republished by Rene Guise in the Nouvelle French Review of August 1966.)
- June 6th: Law making various modifications to the mode of river fishing.
- June 10th: A law orders erection with the Invalides tomb of Napoleon i.
- June 14th: Surging review of the national guard by the king with the Carousel. With the cries of “Sharp the king! ” those are interfered “Sharp the Reform! ”.
- June 16th: Victor Hugo goes to Saint-Price (castle of the Terrace) where them his are. It is accompanied by several friends, of which Gerard de Nerval.
- June 20th: Alexis de Tocqueville presents a report/ratio on the reform of the prisons, conclusive with the superiority of the solitary imprisonment. The discussion will take place with the Room only in May 1844, after a second report/ratio of Tocqueville deposited the July 5th 1843, but the reform, not discussed with the Room of the pars, is not adopted.
- June 30th: Gobineau question the naive idea of his/her sister on the superiority of the Christians art literature. It especially reproaches him for considering the writers contemporary without knowing them. It makes him read the Brothers Mosaïstes , of George Sand, of which it will be able to admire the style.
July
-
Friday July 3rd: Law on sugars.
- July 7th: Agreement between France and the England which withdraws the exclusive concession of exploitation of the Soufre S of Sicily which had been granted to a Marseilles company.
- July 11th: Gobineau exposes to his/her sister her artistic theories, close to those of Jouffroy. Art, according to him, is “an aspiration towards the manifestations of the material or ideal world” and not “an imitation of nature”.
- July 15th:
- Treated of London keeping France away on the question of the Ottoman Empire and of Méhémet Ali.
- Loi which modifies some of the preceding laws on the railroads. It grants a loan of 12 million to the railroad company Strasbourg - Basle and a guarantee of minimal interest of 4% with the shareholders of the railroad Paris Orleans.
- July 16th: Relative law with the establishment of several lines of steamers with vapor enters France and America.
- July 22nd: Gobineau discusses metaphysical with his/her Caroline sister and defends against her assertions of religious faith the capacity of the raison.
- July 28th: Place of the Bastille, inauguration of the Column of July, the monument with the memory of the combatants of July 1830.
- July 29th: Beginning of mobilization in France in reaction with the attitude of the powers in the business of the East.
- Mariage of Suzanne, hybrid half-sister of Gobineau, girl of Coindière. She marries her Master of music. His/her father having learned with the future “all that looks at Suzanne”, this one asked that it in the future not have any relation with Gobineau.
August
-
Thursday August 6th: Unloading of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and his/her companions close to Boulogne-sur-Mer. Forwarding is a complete failure. Louis-Napoleon, Persigny and 45 of their comparses are stopped.
- August 19th: One inaugurates the railroad Nimes - Alès.
- August 29th November 1st. Victor Hugo, with Juliette Drouet, voyage in the area of the the Rhine. Rheims, Sedan, Givet, Dining, Namur, Liege, Aachen, Cologne, Andernach, Saint-Goar, Bingen, Mainz, Frankfurt, Worms, Heidelberg, Mosbach, Besigheim, Stuttgart, Waldenbuch, Tübingen, Balingen, Tuttlingen, Stockach, Schaffhouse, Donaueschingen, Hausach, Freudenstadt, Gernsbach, Rastadt, Karlsruhe, Heidelberg, Mannheim, Forbach, Metz, Castle-Thierry. During this voyage, Victor Hugo sends to Adèle (with Saint-Price) the eight parts of sound Journal and the two parts of the Lettre on Heidelberg .
September
-
Thursday September 3rd: Opening of the lawsuit Marie Lafarge.
- September 4th: Riot with Paris in the District of Quinze-Vingts.
- September 7th: The economic difficulties cause disorders in Paris, in particular an insurrection of the cabinetmakers of the Faubourg Saint-Anthony, firmly repressed by the government.
- September 13rd: Beginning of the building work of the belt of fortifications around Paris.
- September 16th: Opening of the lawsuit of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and his accomplices in front of the Room of the pars.
- September 18th: To the lawsuit of Tulle, Marie Lafarge is condemned to the forced labors with perpetuity.
- September 30th: Gobineau develops its article on Capo of Istria and has extremely to be rented on this occasion of the minister of Greece which granted several talks to him.
October
-
Thursday the 1st er October: Beginning of the use of gas stoves during kitchen of the street Duperré.
- October 6th: The Room of the pars condemns Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte to the life imprisonment, Aladenize with the deportation, Persigny, Montholon, Parquin and Lombard at twenty years of detention, by 152 votes against 160 abstentions.
- October 7th: Prince Louis-Napoleon is interned with the Fort of Ham in company of Montholon and Doctor Conneau. Persigny and the commander Parquin is imprisoned with the fortress of Doullens.
- October 8th: Note French in which France accepts the treaty of the July 15th provided that Egypt is guaranteed to Méhémet Ali and that the act of forfeiture of the October 2nd is not put at execution.
- October 15th: A workman wiper, Darmès, car a shot on the car of Louis-Philippe.
- October 22nd:
- Resignation of Thiers, in dissension with the king because of his diplomacy warmonger.
- Gobineau sends to Holy-Beuve the manuscript of its article on Capo of Istria, before giving it to the Revue of the Two Worlds. It is its “first political work” and it attaches to it large a importance.
- October 27th:
- With the Theater-Italian of Paris, first of Lucrèce Borgia of Donizetti. The booklet (Italian) of Felice Romani plagiarizes and parodies Victor Hugo.
- Adèle Hugo leaves Saint-Price for Paris.
- October 29th: Third ministry Soult , dominated makes some by François Guizot, Foreign Minister (fine in 1847). It follows a policy preserving and favorable to the middle-class of business which benefits the poll censitaire, the development of big industry, the credit, the trade and the means of communication, without accompanying it by social measures suitable to improve the situation of the urban proletariat. Less warmonger, Guizot continues a policy of bringing together with the Great Britain. The foreign politics of Thiers in Egypt, indeed, increased the threat of a Franco-British conflict.
- the general Sébastiani is high with the dignity of Marshal of France.
- the Scelti prepare a collective collection to appear with the beginning of 1841. The Scelti have in common “the ambition, the independence of mind, the aristocratic ideas”.
November
- the Rhone: believed of autumn (at the beginning of November); flow estimated at 12.000 m ³ /s.
- Thursday November 5th: Opening of the parliamentary session of 1841.
- November 9th: François Guizot is invited to a dinner by the Lord Mayor of London.
- November 18th: The Room invests the cabinet of the October 29th.
- November 22nd: New attack against Louis-Philippe.
- November 30th: At 5 o'clock in the morning, at Cherbourg the Beautiful Hen arrives which transports ashes of Napoleon i that accompanies the prince de Joinville.
- November 30th: Alexis de Tocqueville makes its second great speech on the Question of the East against the new ministry, which he shows to lower France.
December
- Saturday December 5th: The Room of the pars invests the cabinet of the October 29th.
- December 8th: The coffin of Napoleon i is transhipped of the Beautiful Hen on the steamer, Normandy which leaves for Le Havre.
- December 14th: Publication in booklet of the Return of the Emperor of Hugo (included in the edition of 1883 of the Legend of the centuries).
- December 15th: Translation of ashes of Napoleon to the Invalid , in the presence of the king and of the royal family.
- December 20th: Victor Hugo makes application form for the French Academy. It aims at the armchair of Népomucène Lemercier (death the June 7th).
- December 23rd: At Smokes and Delloye, new edition of the Retour of the Emperor of Hugo accompanied by poems devoted to Napoleon and published in preceding collections.
- December 24th: Appearance of the Germanic habit of the Christmas tree, introduced by the princess Helene de Mecklembourg, wife of Ferdinand-Philippe, duke of Orleans.
- December 29th: Bugeaud named general governor of Algeria.
- the Scelti project to publish a Revue the East . Gobineau worries about see that its article on Capo of Istria is not published pas.
Internal bonds
-
the year 1840 in the world
- Chronology of France under the Monarchy of July (1830-1848)