1830 in France

This page relates to the year 1830 Gregorian Calendrier.

Chronology of France

1829 in France - 1830 - 1831 in France

Events

  • particularly cold Winter (1829 -1830). With spring, food shortage causes series of fires, in particular in West (beggars threatening the peasants to burn their thatched cottages if they do not provide them bread), testifying to the outdatedness of the rural settlement.

  • Beginning of epidemic of Cholera (which will last until in 1835).
  • Creation of the school of the Agriculture.

January

  • Mrs. Récamier urges Quinet to come it to see.
  • Foundation of the Conspiracy Fayette or Association of January.

February

  • Monday: Alms of Victor Hugo appears in plate at Périaux with Rouen. Sold with the exclusive profit of the workmen unemployed and the poor of Normandy.
  • February 3rd: Under the title: “ For the working poor of Bapaume and Decauville ”, publication of Alms of Hugo in the Earth .
  • February 7th: Preparations of forwarding against Algiers.
  • February 12th: Brifaut and Sauvo, critics, signs a note showing Victor Hugo not to have accepted all the corrections prescribed for Hernani .
  • February 13rd - February 20th: The baron Trouvé authorizes Victor Hugo to be maintained in his text of the blamed expressions.

  • Benjamin Constant publishes in the Revue of Paris the “ historical Souvenirs at the time of the work of Mr. Bignon ” (end in July).

March

  • Tuesday March 2nd:
    • Opening of the parliamentary session. The address of the 221 and the " refusal of concours".
    • Speech from the throne. Charles X threat opposition. He announces the intervention of Algiers.
  • March 4th: Beginning of the publication of Hernani in serials in the Reading room (until the April 4th).
  • March 9th: Original edition of Hernani at Mame.
  • March 12th: Porte-Saint-Martin, one plays a parody of Hernani , under the title: NR, I, Ni, or the Danger of Castilles , presented as being “a romantic amphigori in five tables and worms”.
  • 15 and March 16th: Discussion of the Address of the 221 (221 for and 121 against).
  • March 16th:
    • 221 deputies vote the distrust against the ministry Polignac. Address with the king of two hundred and twenties and a appointed opposition beginning of an intense political agitation.
    • the majority of the deputies, in answer to the speech from the throne, claims the resignation of the ministers.
    • Brazier and Carmouche makes represent another parody of Hernani , with the Théâtre of Gaîté: Oh! that Nenni, or the fatal Eunuch flute .
  • March 18th: Presentation of the Address to the King.
  • March 19th: The session of the Room is extended at September 1st.
  • March 20th: Banquet given to the Grape harvest of Burgundy , restoring Suburb Poissonnière. Speech of Odilon Deck-beam.
  • March 21st: Dissolution of the Room.
  • March 23rd: With the Theater of the Light comedy: Hernani, or the Constraint by horn , of Auguste de Lauzanne. With the Theater of the Varieties: “ burlesque Hernali imitation of the drama of the Th3e4atre Fran1cais ”.

  • Series of mysterious fires in the outlying areas of the Paris basin in spring. Administrators ask for measurements of police force to avoid popular movements.

April

  • Spring: French mission of Oceania.

May

  • Friday May 7th, Paris: Leaving the Street Our-Lady-of-Fields, Victor Hugo settles with the n° 9 of the street Jean-Pin.
  • May 8th: The sovereigns of the Deux-Siciles arrive at Saint-Cloud.
  • May 9th: Resignations of Cahbrol and Courvoisier.
  • May 15th: Paris celebrates the sovereigns of Deux-Siciles.
  • May 16th: The Room is dissolved. In response with the standpoint of the deputies (221), Charles X dissolves the Room.
  • May 19th: The count de Peyronnet is named Minister of Interior Department.
  • May 25th: With Toulon, loading of a task force for Algiers.
  • May 31st: The duke of Orleans gives a reception in the honor of the king de Naples, his brother-in-law. Charles X is there. Mr. de Salvandy (future ambassador in Spain), while passing beside the duke, is addressed to the Louis-Philippe future, having a presentiment of the revolution of July, Monseigneur, this is a very Neapolitan festival; we dance on a volcano . "

June

  • June 5th: The Gosselin editor imposes on Victor Hugo an new agreement, Draconian, for Notre-Dame de Paris .
  • June 14th: Beginning of the forwarding of Algiers. Thirty-eight thousand men, led by the general of Bourmont, Minister for the war, unload with Sidi-Ferruch, 25 km in the west of Algiers.
  • June 15th: Guizot share for Nimes.
  • June 23rd:
    • Victoire of the opposition to the elections.
    • Benjamin Constant is re-elected with Strasbourg. Patient, it settles in the countryside.
  • June 28th: The section of sixteen kilometers of the railway line Givors - Grand-Croix is opened with the public.

July

  • the fourth volume of Of the religion of Constant is published.
  • First tests of urinals on the boulevards, columns with double use, advertizing display and urinals. They are adopted definitively in 1841.
  • Rapport Lacordaire, denouncing the irreligious behavior of the pupils and the administration of the royal colleges, published in the newspaper the friend of the religion to the end of the year.

  • Saturday July 3rd: Election of a new room. At the end of the second day of the elections, the opposition (republicans and orleanists) obtains 274 seats out of 430.

  • July 5th: Catch of Algiers. Capitulation of the dey Hussein. Algeria becomes French colony, until its independence on July 1st 1962. On the diplomatic level, the forwarding of Algiers, carried out without taking account of the questions of the Great Britain on the intentions of France, will determine its ambassador not to support the dynasty at the time of the revolution of July. Sends in Africa and the concentration in the south of France of many troops can only facilitate the success of a Parisian insurrection.

  • July 12th: Adjournment of the elections in 20 departments, of which the the Seine.

  • July 17th: Invention of the sewing machine by Barthelemy Thimonnier.
  • July 19th: End of the deferred elections.
  • July 22nd: François Guizot leaves Nimes.
  • July 25th:
    • After the victory of the opposition to the elections (June 23rd) Charles X uses article 14 of the Charter and sign the four Ordonnances of Saint-Cloud which restricts freedom of the press, amends the electoral law (modification of the taxable quota, the license being excluded from the taxes considered as valid), dissolves the House of Commons and convenes the electoral colleges for September, and carry out nominations of advisers of State.
    • Victor Hugo starts to write Notre-Dame de Paris.
  • July 26th:
    • Publication in the Monitor of the Ordinances of Saint-Cloud.
    • Meeting of the journalists in the offices of the National . Protest written by forty-four journalists, of which Thiers. Rémusat is prevented towards 9 or 10:00 of the morning by Placide Justin.
  • July 26th: François Guizot while passing to Pouilly learns by the trunk the ordinances.
  • 27 - July 29th: Revolution of July or the Three Glorious (in reference to the days of riots of the 27, July 28th, 29th and th).
    • July 27th:
      • Following the seizure of the presses of four newspapers (the National, Time, the Earth, the Newspaper Commercial) which appeared without authorization of the government, the resistance of the workmen typographers starts the Parisian insurrection against the ordinances. This one moreover is electrified by the nomination of the marshal Marmont, duke of Raguse, as military commander of Paris. The Revolution is the fact of the small people (tradesmen, operations or servants). First barricades.
      • 5:00 of the morning, François Guizot arrives at Paris. With 11:00 it receives a ticket of Casimir Périer which convenes it at his place.
    • July 28th: Marmont writes in Charles X who is with the Château of Saint-Cloud: “It is not any more one riot, it is a revolution. ” Charles X signs an ordinance putting Paris in state of siege. The insurrectionists manage to seize the town hall while the frightened ministers take refuge with the Palais of Tileries under the protection of Marmont. The defense of the mode fails: miss manpower, bad coordination and shortness of provisions of the troops. The combat make 800 dead and 4500 wounded as regards insurrectionists, 200 died and 800 wounded that of the army.
    • July 29th: Following the defection of two regiments which pass to the insurrectionists, the troops of Marmont must evacuate Paris and settle in the Bois de Boulogne. Fayette is named ordering national guard (dissolved in 1827). A provisional municipal commission, made up of Casimir Perier, general Sheep, of Pierre-François Audry de Puyraveau, François Mauguin and Auguste de Schonen, is charged to manage the capital. Charles X, insulated with Saint-Cloud, replaces too late Polignac by the liberal duke of Montemart.
  • July 29th - July 31st: Tocqueville is voluntary in the national guard of Versailles.
  • July 30th:
    • Paris shouts “Lives the Republic”.
    • François Guizot goes to the Room, rameute the deputies to vote for a resolution requiring of the duke of Orleans to be a general lieutenant of the kingdom.
    • Under the impulse of the banker Jacques Laffitte, Adolphe Thiers and the general Sebastiani, the orleanists pass to the offensive. A proclamation inviting to call as king the duke of Orleans is published in Paris after having rejoined 47 of the 50 deputies present in the capital, eager to avoid the proclamation of the République or that of the duke of Reichstadt. With Neuilly-sur-Seine, in the evening, a delegation of deputies proposes the general lieutenancy of the kingdom with Louis Philippe of Orleans, which goes to the Palais Royal where it spends the night.
    • Benjamin Constant writes a declaration in favor of Philippe of Orleans and fact part of the procession which accompanies it with the Town hall the following day.
    • Badly in court, but very popular for its engagements without slackening in favor of the Freedom of the press, Chateaubriand is carried in triumph by the youth of the schools. With the cries of " Live Charte" , he answers: " Live the Charter! live Roi".

  • July 31st:

    • In the night, Charles X leaves Saint-Cloud for Trianon, then Rambouillet. Tocqueville is pilot of this escape. His/her father leaves the Room of the pars.
    • In the morning, Louis Philippe publishes a proclamation in which he states to accept the general lieutenancy of the kingdom and concludes: “The Charter will be from now on a truth. ”.
    • In the afternoon, a concordant proclamation of 90 deputies answers that of the duke of Orleans.
    • With the town hall, Louis Philippe meets Fayette which approve the new mode, and the fact of acclaiming balcony, thus drawing aside the republican threat. The municipal commission seeks to transform itself into provisional executive and names police chiefs at the various government departments (V. Ministère named by the municipal commission of Paris).

August

  • Sunday:
    • In the night of the July 31st at August 1st, Charles X arrives at the Château of Rambouillet. It signs an ordinance entrusting to the duke of Orleans the general lieutenancy of the kingdom, that Louis-Philippe will refuse to receive, having already accepted it deputies. Louis Philippe appoints provisional police chiefs at the various government departments, while beginning again with few things close the nominations made by the municipal commission and replaces Bavoux by Girod of Ain to the police headquarter. An ordinance restores officially the tricolor rosette. Another ordinance convenes the rooms for the August 3rd.
    • Departure of the Hugo family for Montfort-l' Amaury (until the August 7th).
  • August 2nd: With Rambouillet, in the afternoon, Charles X abdicates and his/her son, the dolphin, contresigns this abdication in favor of the young person duke of Bordeaux, wire posthumous of the duke of Berry. A message is addressed to Louis-Philippe to invite it to make proclaim the advent of “Henri V”. Louis-Philippe decides to send the act of abdication to the Rooms so that they decide, which amounts depriving it of effect. He sends to Rambouillet four police chiefs - Odilon Barrot, the marshal Maison, Augustin de Schonen and the duke of Coigny - charged with negotiating the conditions of the departure of Charles X and his family towards the exile.
  • 2 - August 5th: Series of nominations to the government, in the important administration, the army and the magistrature.
  • August 3rd:
    • On order of Louis-Philippe, a troop of 10 with 20  000 men of the National guard, ordered by the general Pajol and colonel Jacqueminot, walk on Rambouillet to force Charles X at the beginning. This last gets under way towards Cherbourg where two American steamers were dispatched to deal with it.
    • Louis-Philippe grants, on his personal cassette, a pension of 1  500 francs with the author of the Marseillaise , Mullet of Lisle; it grants second-lieutenancies to all the pupils of the Polytechnic school who took share with the Glorious Three and of decorations to the students of the Faculty of Law and of medicine which were distinguished during the insurrection; in a polemical way, it names the baron Pasquier with the presidency of the Room of the pars, grants to the duke of Chartres the right to sit at the Room of the pars and confers on the duke of Nemours the Grand Cross of the Légion of honor. An ordinance prescribes to return justice in the name of “Louis-Philippe of Orleans, duke of Orleans, general lieutenant of the kingdom”.
    • At one o'clock in the afternoon, Louis-Philippe governs the opening of the session of the Rooms to the Palate-Bourbon, accompanied by its second wire, the duke of Nemours. In its speech, he swears to maintain the Charter while announcing the principles of a certain number of reforms to lead (organization of the National guard, application of the principle of the judgment by jury to the violations of the press laws, formation of the departmental and municipal administrations, interpretation of article 14 of the Charter, base of the ordinances of July 26th), and communicates the abdication of Charles X, contresigned by the dolphin.
    • In the evening, several dissatisfied deputies find themselves at Jacques Laffitte and decide to finish some with the Bourbon S of the elder branch by establishing a new dynasty clearly. A proclamation is written by Louis Bérard which proposes to confer the crown to the duke of Orleans in the condition that he undertakes a revision of the Charter based on the principles mentioned in his opening speech of the parliamentary session, supplemented by several others: responsibility for the Ministers and the secondary agents of the administration, legal statute of the soldiers, re-election of the deputies promoted with public office, equality of the worships in front of the law, prohibition of the foreign troops in the national army, abolition of the nobility, initiative of the laws granted to the Rooms, suppression of the double vote, lowering of the age and the poll tax, total reconstitution of peerage.
  • August 4th: At the time of the Council of Ministers which examines the proposal of Bérard, Louis-Philippe charges the duke with Broglie and Guizot to prepare a revision of the Charter.
  • August 5th: Casimir Perier is proposed by the House of Commons like chair (174 votes against 160 Laffitte) and this choice is ratified by Louis-Philippe.
  • 5 with the August 7th: The room deals with the revision of the Charte. Bands occupy in a way more or less threatening the public edifices.
  • August 6th:
    • Guizot communicates to Bérard the project of revision of the Charte which it worked out with the duke of Broglie and receives Boinvilliers the competitor project worked out by the republicans (republican constitution in the form of monarchy, declaration of the rights, ratification of the Constitution by the people, dissolution of the House of Commons, reconquest by the war of the natural border of the the Rhine).
    • In the morning, the House of Commons starts the discussion on the project of Bérard, while the republican demonstrators encircle the Palais Bourbon. The debate is focused around the question of the Hérédité of peerage.
    • Nomination of a provisional Municipal council in Paris.
    • Evening: Fayette promises the dissolution of the paiery to alleviate a surging crowd which threatens the Chambre of the pars.
    • an ordinance decides that the French Cockerel will replace the Fleur of lily on the pole of the flags.
  • August 7th:
    • At the time of the Council of Ministers joined together the morning with the Palais Royal, Louis-Philippe draws aside the use of the police force in the event of riot caused by the question of the Hérédité of peerage.
    • By 219 votes against 33 (out of 430 deputies), the House of Commons adopts the project of Bérard essentially. Calling upon the departure of Charles X and his family and the violation of the Charter, the deputies declare the throne vacant in fact and right and call n the other hand Louis-Philippe D `Orleans with the throne like “king of the French” (and either like “king de France”) of L `commitment by this one to respect the Charter, which is modified on several points: suppression of the preamble, of article 6 (which declared Catholicism State religion), abolition of the censure, modification of article 14 on the royal decrees, from now on confined with the execution of the laws, initiative of the laws granted to the two Rooms, public nature of the proceedings of the Room of the pars, election of the deputies for 5 years, lowering of the age of eligibility from 40 to 40 years and of the age of the electorate from 30 to 25 years, election of the presidents of the electoral colleges by the voters and the president of the House of Commons by the deputies, extension of the possibilities of committal for trial of the ministers, abolition of the emergency courts, oath of fidelity with Charter lent by the king in front of the Rooms, re-establishment of the tricolor rosette, cancellation of the nominations of pars made by Charles X. article 27 on the Hérédité of peerage is returned to a new examination at the time of the session of 1831. Lastly, the Room requires to provide by laws of a certain number of points: jury for the violations of the press laws and the offenses political, responsibility for the ministers and the civils servant, re-election of the deputies promoted with paid public office, vote cancels quota of the army, organization of the National guard, institutions departmental and local elections based on the election, state education and freedom of teaching, fixing of the conditions of exercise of the right to vote and eligibility.
    • In the evening, the deputies go in body to the Palais Royal where Louis-Philippe proclaims his adhesion with their declaration qu `it affirms “in conformity with the political principles professed any life”. It appears with the balcony with its family and receives the acclamations of crowd.
    • With the Palate of Luxembourg, the Room of the pars adopts without enthusiasm the declaration of the deputies, by 89 votes over 114 present.
    • Louis-Philippe signs an act of donation-division which distributes its personal goods between his/her children by reserving some usufruct, in order to prevent that those are not incorporated in the field of the Crown at the time of its advent.
    • Chateaubriand gives up peerage, to enter an opposition determined to " Philippe" (Louis-Philippe, duke of Orleans become " king of Français") that it estimates to have " filouté" the crown of France. He makes his last speech with the Room of the pars and refuses to lend oath of fidelity to king Louis-Philippe.
  • August 8th: On the authorities of Fayette, and against its first movement, Louis-Philippe decides to reign under the name of Louis-Philippe Ier (and not of Philippe VII). Formulas “By the grace of God… ”, “the year of grace…” and “subjects” are abandoned. The ministers lose the titles of “Monseigneur” and “Excellence”. The oldest son of the king is titrated “royal prince”, the girls and the sister of the king is titrated “princesses of Orleans” (and not “girls of France”) and it is decided that the official seal of State will carry the weapons of the house of Orleans (of France to the money lambel), which had never been the case in the past at the time of the accession to the throne of a junior (this one then taking the full weapons of France), manner of marking the change of dynasty and the solution of continuity between the new mode and that which preceded it.
  • August 9th: Official proclamation of the Monarchy of July to the Palate-Bourbon. The duke of Orleans accepts the crown and becomes Louis-Philippe Ier. He lends oath in front of the Rooms.
  • August 10th: Chateaubriand gives up its pension of par of France.
  • August 11th: Louis-Philippe announces the formation of a ministry without president of the Council, the first ministry for the reign of Louis-Philippe I {{er}}: Molé becomes Foreign Minister, the general Sébastiani, Minister for the Navy, the duke of Broglie, Minister for the State education and the Worships while four ministers without portfolio are named: Jacques Laffitte, Casimir Perier, Andre Dupin and Bignon. Guizot is Minister of Interior Department.
  • August 14th: The news Charte is promulgated.
  • August 15th: The Holy-Genevieve church of Paris is withdrawn with the worship and is returned to its destination of temple of the great men, fixed by the Revolution, under the name of the Pantheon.
  • August 16th:
    • Charles X and its family embarks with Cherbourg for England.
    • an ordinance temporarily names (while waiting for a law) Fayette general commander of the National guards of the kingdom. It has like assistant the general Dumas.
    • Hostile with the new mode, Tocqueville agree nevertheless to lend oath as magistrate while part of its family refuses there.
  • August 17th: The general-count Gerard is high with the dignity of Marshal of France.
  • August 19th:
    • Louis-Philippe Ier writes to the monarchs of Europe to notify the beginning of its reign to them.
    • Discussion with the Room of the question of the oath which the members of the two rooms will have to lend.
  • August 26th: Ordonnnace restoring the the Pantheon and its secularization.
  • August 27th: Benjamin Constant is named president of a section to the Council of State.
  • August 27th:
    • Ordonnance of the king returning to the Barreau French its old franknesses while recognizing with any lawyer registers in the table the right to contribute, by direct election, with the appointment of the members of the council and the barristers president of the order, as well as the right of audience in front of all the courses and all the courts of the kingdom without needing any authorization.
    • Died of the prince de Condé, found hung with the catch of its room to the Castle of Saint-Leu. Its sole legatee is the duke of Aumale, fifth wire of the king.
  • August 29th: Louis-Philippe reviews the National guard.
  • August 31st: Lord Stuart off Rothesay, ambassador of Great Britain in Paris, gives his letters of accreditation to Louis-Philippe.

September

  • Monday September 3rd: Talleyrand is named ambassador with London.
  • September 5th: The emperor of Austria François I {{er}} recognizes the monarchy of July.
  • September 12th: Law which subjects to the re-election the deputies promoted with public office.
  • September 17th: Schedule member nomination of the Municipal council.
  • September 19th: Baptism of Adele Hugo. Holy-Beuve is godfather.
  • September 21st: Riot place of Strike. At the time of a ceremony in memory of the Four sergeants of the La Rochelle, the street requires the abolition of the Capital punishment.
  • September 25th: With the House of Commons, the Government is challenged on the agitation maintained by the republican clubs, in particular the Company of the Friends of the people, tandis qu `a troop of inhabitants of the district Montmartre invades the room of the meetings of this company and disperses of force the members of them.
  • September 27th: The House of Commons adopts with a strong majority a bill putting in charge ministers of Charles X persons in charge of the ordinances of July 26th: Polignac, Peyronnet, Chantelauze and Guernon-Ranville.
  • September 30th: Suppression of the 8  000 half-purses of 150 francs which had been granted to the catholic secondary schools.

October

  • Friday the 1st er October: Creation of the “Body of the Zouaves” by France.

  • October 7th: Victor Hugo is elected second lieutenant of the National guard. Fayette break-in its election.
  • October 8th:
    • Law implementing the principle of the judgment by jury for the violations of the press laws.
    • the House of Commons votes, by 225 votes out of 246 voters, an address with the king inviting it to present a bill abolishing the capital punishment, at least for the political offenses.
  • October 9th: The King receives an address of the Room asking for the abolition of the capital punishment in the political judgments.
  • October 11th:
    • an ordinance decides that rewards will be granted to all the casualties of the revolution of July, that pensions will be allocated with the parents, widows and children of the victims. A commemorative medal is created for the participants in the Three Glorious ones.
    • Abrogation of the law of 1825 known as “of the sacrilege”, punishing of dead the profaners of devoted hosts.
  • October 13rd:
    • the ambassador from Spain to Paris gives its letters of accreditation to Louis-Philippe.
    • Suppression of the allowances paid with the auxiliary priests.
  • October 16th: the Future , newspaper catholic liberal founded by Lamennais, Lacordaire and Montalembert.
  • 17 - 18 - October 19th: Republican riot in Paris. Demonstrators invade the Palais Royal then walk on Vincennes to lynch the ministers of Charles X who are held there, but that the general Daumesnil refuses to deliver to them. The riot is used as detonator with the cabinet crisis.
  • October 20th: François Guizot took again the situation in hand, the street is calm.
  • October 21st: Suppression of the four residential cardinal salaries.
  • October 24th: The count Apponyi, ambassador of Austria in Paris, gives his letters of accreditation to Louis-Philippe.

  • Tocqueville and Beaumont requests a mission for the the United States and writes for that a report printed in 1831 under the title Note on the penitentiary system and the mission entrusted by Mr. Minister of Interior Department to Misters Gustave de Beaumont and Alexis de Tocqueville . Tocqueville obtains a eighteen months leave of the Minister of Justice to study the American penitentiary system officially. In fact, it already projects to write a book on America, works likely to support its political career.

November

December

  • December 21st: End of the Lawsuit of the ministers of Charles X. The Room of the pars condemns them to the life imprisonment, together with civil death for the prince de Polignac.

  • December 24th: The House of Commons votes a law which removes the title of commander of all the national guards of France, considered to be contrary with the Charte of 1830.
  • December 25th: Fayette resigns of its function of general commander of the National guards, that the House of Commons, at the time of the debate on the organization of the National guard, estimated contrary with the Charter.
  • December 26th:
    • the left causes an incident in connection with the withdrawal of Fayette: Dupont of the Eure resigns of its functions of Minister of Justice and it is replaced by Joseph Mérilhou, itself replaced by Felix Barthe.
    • the general Sheep, count de Lobau, is named ordering National guard of Paris.

  • Enfantin takes again the Earth , newspaper Saint-simonien, with Michel Chevalier as director. (Jouffroy, Charles de Rémusat, Duchâtel, Holy-Beuve and Amp).

Internal bonds

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