1814

This page relates to the year 1814 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • Forwarding of Coimbra to the Mozambique and Benguela.

  • the State Peul of the Fouta-Djalon, threatened by division of the aristocracy to the capacity, founds the principle of bi-annual alternation: the two principal reigning families, the Alfaya and the Soriya, share the capacity. This measurement does not prevent the assassination of the almami Abdoulaye Babemba, Alfaya then with the capacity, by its rival soriya, Abdoul Gadiri.

  • El-Kanemi takes the title of sheik of the Bornou and installs its capital with Kouka, in the south-west of the Lac Chad. He is the true Master of Bornou, although he maintains the Sefouwa dynasty on the throne (death in 1835).

  • Kouka grows rich thanks to military forwardings by the sheik El-Kanemi. It becomes more the significant market of slave of central Sudan.
  • Forwarding of Burckhardt in Nubie.

Americas

North America

  • March 9th: Bloody Victoire of Andrew Jackson on the Creek S with the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, close to the New-Orleans. Creeks are taken with reverse by auxiliaries Cherokee S. Nearly 800 Indians are killed.
  • 17 - July 20th: British Victoire with the Battle of Meadow of the Dog.
  • August 9th: Treaty of strong Jackson. The Creek S sign a treaty under the terms of which they lose immense territories. The treaty grants to the Indians individual rights of land and buildings, dislocating the common property of the ground.
    • Of 1814 with 1824, by a series of treaties signed with the Indians of the South, the White adapt the three quarter of the Alabama and the Florida, a third of the Tennessee, a fifth of the Georgia and the Mississippi like certain areas of the Kentucky and the North Carolina. These ground treaties and its seizures provide the foundations of the empire of the Coton.
  • August 24th: Catch of Washington by the British. Fire of Washington: The Capitole and the White House are burned.
  • 6 - September 11th: Victoire of the Americans on the British on the Lake Champlain (Battle of Plattsburgh).
  • 12 - September 15th: Creation of the American National anthem, the spangled Banner , written by the attorney Francis Scott Key at the time of the battle of Baltimore.
  • December 24th: Peace of Ghent, which puts an end to the war between the United States and the United Kingdom (status quo territorial).

  • Canada: The governor of the colony of Assiniboia prohibits any export of Pemmican outside the Colony (January) and prohibits hunting for the bison with horse with the Canadians and the Mongrels (July). Under the influence of the Company of the North-West, the “nation of the Wood-Flarings”, directed by mongrel chiefs like Large Cuthbert, is organized to defend its freedoms (1815).

Latin America

Asia

  • , Filipino: a violent eruption of the Mayon makes approximately 1200 victims.
  • November 1st: Beginning of the war britannico - gurkha with the Nepal following the massacre of a small British garrison by Gurkhas (fine in 1816). The British are demolished on a mountainous ground not very favourable with the troop movements.

  • China: The army of Beijing takes again Huaxian, in the north of the Henan, last bastion of the Secte of the celestial Reason. The order is brought back to the price of a true massacre.

The Middle East

  • Treated britannico - Persan negotiated by sir Harford Jones, defensive alliance and of mutual assistance which guarantees a substantial help with the Perse S for their expenditure of war.

Europe

  • May 17th: Constitution of Eidsvold in Norway, inspired by the French Constitution of 1791. The Parliament ( Storting ), subdivided in two Rooms ( Odelsting and Lagting ), legislates and controls the action of the government. The king is chief of the executive and has a suspensive right to veto vis-a-vis the decisions of the Storting .

  • May 30th: The Traité of Paris returns the county of Nice and the Duché of Savoy to the duke of Savoy Victor-Emmanuel. The borders of 1760 are restored.

  • July 21st: Creation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
  • August: An agreement envisages the restitution in the Netherlands of all their colonies except Ceylon, the Cape and part of the Guyana.

  • November 1st: Beginning of the Congress of Vienna (end in June 1815). It must endorse the Traité of Paris and redraw the political map of Europe.

    • the the United Kingdom, represented by Wellington and Castlereagh, preserves the Cape Province in South Africa, Ceylon (current Sri Lanka), the island Maurice, Helgoland, Malta and the islands Ioniennes. The British design of a necessary balance of the powers in Europe triumphs.

  • Vote of a law on the general and obligatory conscription in Prussia.

  • Release of the liberal chiefs stopped in 1810 with the Portugal.
  • Creation of the Philike Etaira with Odessa. This Greek secret society is given for mission of fomenting an insurrection of the Christian people of the Balkan Peninsula against the Othoman which would lead to the independence of the Greece. Its chief Alexandre Ypsilanti is the son of the hospodar of Valachie Constantin and it counts many members among the boyards phanariotes of the Danubian principalities.
  • Charles Robert de Nesselrode, Foreign Minister in Russia (1814 - 1856).

France

See also: 1814 in France

  • January-March: Countryside of France . France is invaded. Napoleon succeeds in by operations of by-passs beating separately the allies with Champaubert, Montmirail, Vauchamps (10 February 15th) and with Montereau (17 February 18th). But it will not be able empécher the allies to take Paris the March 31st. It will adbiquera with Fontainebleau the April 6th.
  • April 5th: Restoration: Louis XVIII brother of Louis XVI goes up on the throne.
  • April 6th: Louis XVIII refuses the monarchical constitution project of inspiration said Constitution of the Revenues , written by the Provisional government and the Senate. It will grant a Charte, that of the June 4th 1814.
  • May 3rd: Napoleon arrives at the isle of Elba on Undaunted, frigate English. He unloads the 4.

Italy

  • January 11th: Murat, to preserve the throne of Naples, is combined in Austria and the the United Kingdom. It will avoid during the countryside of 1814 to run up face against the French camp and Eugene de Beauharnais.
  • Melzi, chief of the government of the Royaume of Italy thinks that the single solution after the French defeat of Leipzig (October 1813) is the proclamation of independence. The viceroy Eugene de Beauharnais, who still orders 45  000 men, accepts only after the abdication of Napoleon the April 4th. But at the Senate the Melzi plan is put in parts by the opposition carried out by Confalonieri, hostile with any bond with the Metropolitan France. The caused disorders, the lynching of Giuseppe Prina, Minister for Finance (April 20th), mark the end of any inclination of military resistance to the Allies. The government of Vienna restores the chart of the Italy on prérévolutionnaire bases.

Religion

  • July 31st: the pope Pie VII restores the Society of Jesus in the whole world, after having approved his survival in Russia. Thaddaeus Brzozowski, vicar General of the Jesuits in Russia, is named higher general. The Father Pierre-Joseph de Clorivière is in charge of his re-establishment in France.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1814 in music, 1814 in literature, 1814 with the theater

Sciences and technology

See also: 1814 in science

Economy & company

  • the Congrès of Vienna condemns the Traite Blacks and grants the freedom of navigation on the rivers which cross several States or constitute a border between countries. Its principal success is to restore a balance of the powers in Europe, which results in to maintain peace on the continent for almost forty years.

  • the United States: Introduction Weaving loom mechanical with Waltham (Massachusetts). 80 to 90% of the personnel of incipient textile industry is made up women, whose majority have between fifteen and thirty years.

the United Kingdom

  • Suppression of the laws imposing a training.
  • protectionist Laws on the cereals ( Corn Laws ): the high bid price to the British producers and the rights high to the entry of foreign corns cause an extension of emblavures.
  • the royal Navy account 900 ships and 140.000 sailors.

Births in 1814

Death in 1814

Beats-smg: 1814 Be-X-old: 1814 Map-bms: 1814 Simple: 1814 Zh-yue: 1814 年

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