1812

This page relates to the year 1812 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • the Peuls of Usman daN Fodio attack the Bornou again. Dounama, successor of Ahmed, only resist, but its capital, Gasr Eggomo, is destroyed. El-Kanemi helps it and stops the expansion peule in the east. Its influence and its prestige increase with the detriment of those of May. It receives half of the taxes raised in the provinces which it defended and establishes in Bornou several tribes which are devoted for him.

  • With the assistance of Abd el-Kérim, sultan of the Ouadaï, El-Kanemi occupies the Baguirmi, old tributary of the Bornou, but the two winners are made the war for the division of the spoils until in 1824.

Americas

North America

  • Canada: Lord Selkirk, noble Scot philanthropist, obtains Compagnie of Hudson Bay 116  000 acres of ground in freehold around the Red River to create the colony of Assiniboia. The British company hopes to make of it a reserve of personnel and a production center of Pemmican to supply its stations. The first colonists have problems and the Compagnie of the North-West tries to sabotage the colony by discouraging the colonists and while utilizing against it the mongrel population established on the spot (1815).
  • Russian Counter with Strong Ross in California, creates for hunting for the Otarie and to supply the Russian counters with Alaska (fine in 1841).

Latin America

Asia

  • Abolition of the “Galleon of Manila” which bound the archipelago of the Filipino to the Spanish colonies of America.

  • China: the insurrectionists of the Sect of the Celestial Reason to the Henan, carried out by Flax Qing, are crushed by the governmental troops.

  • Economic crisis in Korea. One the third of the inhabitants succumbs to the famine. Revolt country Hong Kyong-nae in the province of Pyongyang. Joined by dissatisfied civils servant, merchants, well-read men, it finds one supports important among the peasants, but the insurrectionists are finally massacred by the royal troops.

The Middle East & Arab World

  • the Othoman sultan and the top dog stick to the interior reforms.
  • Relations between the sultan of the sherifs and the emir 'Abd-Allah ibn Sa' ud via the son of the sultan of Morocco, Mulay Ibrahim, at the time of a pilgrimage with Mecque. A meeting between Moroccan theologists and Wahhabites is organized.
  • the pasha of Egypt Méhémet Ali undertakes a vast program of reforms by in particular modifying the payment of the exploitation of the grounds by the introduction of a state monopoly. It gives to the country a centralized administration, organizes a powerful army and starts to shake the bonds of vassalage which still bind it to the Door.
  • Méhémet Ali restores the pilgrimage with Mecque removed in 1803 by the Wahhabites.
  • Méhémet Ali makes draw up a land register and distributes to the peasants of the grounds of which they have the Usufruit Viager. It directs the production, develops the system of irrigation and introduced the culture of the Coton (Twin), of the Canne to sugar and the Riz. It makes install textile industries by French and Italian technicians.

Europe

  • After the disastrous countryside of Napoleon in Russia, Metternich proposes an Austrian mediation to conclude a peace from compromise which would have left France in its “natural borders” (Belgium and left bank of the Rhine). Napoleon refuses.
  • the countryside of Russia carried out by Napoleon gives birth to among Poles the hope from a complete restoration from their country. They bring to the Large army a body of almost 100  000 men. Their chief, Józef Poniatowski, finds a death heroic by covering the retirement of the French after Leipzig (October 1813).
  • the Prussian minister Karl Stein is called in Russia, where he becomes the personal adviser of the tsar.
  • Sicilian Constitution (1812 - 1816).

Spain

France

See also: 1812 in France

Arts & cultures

See also: 1812 in music, 1812 in literature, 1812 with the theater

  • Officer of hunters with horse of the imperial guard charging , fabric of Géricault.

  • William Turner painted the passage of the Alps by Hannibal .
  • the marbles of Elgin (the Plank of the Parthenon) arrive at the the United Kingdom.
  • Beginning of work of the Regent Street with London by John Nash.
  • Is the name of the opus 49 of Tchaïkovski

Sciences and technology

See also: 1812 in science

Economy & Company

  • the Russia account 42,75 million inhabitants. The scorched earth policy leaves the devastated territory. An extreme poverty will remain during all the 19th century, in particular in Bielorussia, whose many inhabitants will emigrate in Siberia or with the the United States.

Births in 1812

Death in 1812

Be-X-old: 1812 Map-bms: 1812 Simple: 1812 Zh-yue: 1812 年

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