1797

This page relates to the year 1797 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Asia

First British embassy with Beijing (Mac Cartway).
Richard Wellesley is named general governor of British India (fine in 1805).

The Middle East

June 17th: The shah of Persia Aga Muhammad is assassinated by his servants. Beginning of the reign of Fath Ali Chah, shah of Persia (fine in 1843).

With the Institute of France, Talleyrand takes again a project of Choiseul claiming the transfer of the Egypt to the France. It is a question of reopening the road of the Indies to join the ally Tippoo-Sahib, sultan of Mysore.

Africa

August 28th: Treaty américano-Tunisian.

Beginning of the reign of Yuhi Gahindiro, mwami (king) of the Ruanda (v. 1797 - 1830).

Guerre enters the Burundi and the Ruanda at the beginning of the reign of Gahindiro. Disaster of Ruanda to the locality Kirundo (of kurunda , “to pile up”, in reference to the number of corpses).
Gahindiro weighs down the loads weighing on the Tutsi, the Hutu and the Twa: it creates beside the “chiefs of the collecting ground” of the agricultural royalties, of the “chiefs of the cattle” taking a tax on milk, as well as permanent and hereditary army corps.

Beginning of the reign of Adandozan, king of Abomey (fine in 1818).
Forwarding of the German Hornemann, left the Cairo disguised as a Moslem merchant, towards the oases of Siouah and Mourzouk (Fezzan) then the Bornou, which he is the first European to be reached (fine in 1801).

Americas

January 26th: Jean-Antoine Panet is re-elected president of the Chambre from assembly of Low-Canada.
February 18th: The Great Britain seizes the Spanish islands of Trinité and Tobago.
March 4th: Beginning of the federalistic presidency of John Adams with the the United States (fine in 1801).
April 27th: Robert Prescott becomes general governor of the Canada.
April 27th - May 4th: Battle of San Juan of Puerto Rico.

a Earthquake made 40 000 victims with Quito.
Transfer of the seat of the government of the High-Canada of the village of Newark (now Niagara-one-tea-Lake) in York (Toronto).

Oceania

May 24th: The British navigator James Wilson discovers the Îles Gambier in French Polynésie.

Europe

13 - January 16th: Shipwreck of the Human rights in the bay of Audierne.
January 14th (25 Nivôse Year V): Victoire of Bonaparte to Rivoli in Italy.
February 14th: British naval Victoire with the battles of the course Saint-Vincent.
February 17th: Capitulation of the Austria to Mantoue.
February 19th: Treaty of Tolentino: the pope gives up the Legations occupied by the French troops with the République cispadane.
Mars:

Bergamo and Brescia proclaims their independence with respect to Venice.
Forwarding of the Tyrol.

March 23rd: The army of Bonaparte crosses the Isonzo and advances towards Vienna.
April 6th: Armistice enters Austria and Bonaparte.
17 and April 25th: Easter véronaises. Insurrection of Vérone against the French.
April 18th:

Hoche crosses the the Rhine and gains the victory of Neuwied.
the Austrians sign an armistice with Bonaparte with Leoben. Bonaparte, which does not have any capacity to discuss, proposes to exchange the Lombardy against a neutral state, Venice and imposes the transfer of the Belgium without ensuring the possession of left bank of the the Rhine.

April 20th: Died of the commander of the French vessel “the liberator of Italy”, touched by the Venetian navy in the port of San Nicolo LED Lido.
May 1st: Benefitting from the massacre of French prisoners with Vérone, Bonaparte declares the war with Venice.
May 12th: Bonaparte takes Venice. Under its pressure, the Great Council votes the abolition of the institutions of the République of Venice. The people raise themselves but the insurrection is repressed. A provisional democratic government is founded the May 16th.
June 6th: With Genoa, the patriots reverse the capacity of the doge and proclaim the République ligurienne.
June 29th: in the north of Italy, the general Bonaparte joins together the République cispadane and the République transpadane to form the République cisalpine, proclaimed with Milan.

the Constitutions of the Italian Republics are copied on the moderate Constitution of 1795. They appear inoperative, causing innumerable conflicts between executive and legislature or the two Rooms. Reactionaries and extremists infiltrate in the representative Assemblies. The moderate ones, supported by the French are worried often more their personal interests that public thing, from where innumerable accusations of corruption.

22 - August 25th: Spanish victory over the British navy with the Battle of Santa Cruz of Tenerife.
August: Rejection by referendum of the constitution moderated in Batavian Republic.
October 11th: British naval Victoire with the Battle of Camperdown.
October 17th (26 Vendémiaire Year VI): Peace treaty of Campoformio (fine of the First coalition) between France (Bonaparte) and the Austria (the chancellor Cobenzl). The Austria gives up in France the Belgium, left bank of the the Rhine and the islands Ioniennes and recognizes the République cisalpine, increased of the Milanais, Brescia and the Valteline. In compensation, it receives part of the Venezia, the Istrie and the Dalmatie.

Treated dano-Swedish of armed neutrality.
In Great Britain, the radical Lord Charles Grey proposes to remove the rotted Bourgs and to shorten the mandate of the communes.
Poland: A thousand of former legionaries of Kosciuszko go in Moldavie to penetrate on the Polish territory. But the armistice of Leoben (April 18th) signed by Bonaparte puts an end to their hopes.

France

Russia

Dates of the Calendar Julien.

January: The Treasury negociates a loan of 88 million guilders on the market of Amsterdam. Liquidation of 5 million assignats.
February: Jacquerie in the government of Orel, repressed by Reptine. Disorders in the provinces of Toula and Kalouga (278 revolts during the reign of Paul Ier of Russia).
February 5th: Paul {{Ier}} confirms the decree of Catherine II of Russia ordering the closing of all the printing works not - authorized by the government and the establishment of offices of laic censure and ecclesiastics.
April: Proclamation limiting to three days the Drudgery had by the peasants and prohibiting work Sunday and bank holidays.
April 5th: Crowning of Paul {{Ier}} with Moscow.

Act of family, which regulates the succession by order of primogeniture in the male line. System of prerogatives (oudiel) for the imperial family.
Regulation of the imperial orders of Saint-Georges and Saint-Vladimir.

April 23rd: The nobility is private of its right to present collective complaints to the sovereign, to the Senate and to the governors of the provinces.
October:

After the signature of the treated of Campoformio, Paul 1st takes with his service the regiments of the prince of Condé that the Austria could not preserve any more.
failure of the mission of Caillard to Saint-Pétersbourg to try a bringing together enters France and Russia.

December: Louis XVIII is accommodated with Mitau. The Russian government pours a pension of 200 to him; 000 roubles.
December 7th: Creation of a “bank of help” for the nobility, which authorizes of the loans over 25 years to 6%.
December 23rd: Alliance with the Ottoman Empire. A Russian fleet of war attacks the islands Ioniennes and Malta, held by the French.

Art & Culture

See also: 1797 in music, 1797 with the theater

February 11th: the Swiss Family , Op3era Comique of Boieldieu, is given to Paris.
February 12th: The first interpretation of the Anthem of the Emperor of Haydn which will become the Austrian national anthem.
May 1st: the Young person Henri , opera of Méhul, with Paris.
November 7th: L´Heureuse News , Op3era Comique of Boieldieu.
December 15th: the Bet or Mombreuil and Merville , Op3era Comique of Boieldieu.

Sciences and technology

October 22nd: First jump in parachute of a balloon by Andre-Jacques Garnerin.
Theory of the analytical functions , Lagrange.
Lamarck discovers gradually, in the years 1797 with 1800, the fundamental theory of the transformation of the species. He proposes the concepts of vertebrate and invertebrates.

Economy

the convertibility of the British book is suspended between 1797 and 1821.
First spinning mill of Cotton in Bohemia.
the count Festetich opens with Keszthely (Hungary) an agronomic Institute intended for the training of the intendants recruited in the minor nobility.

Births in 1797

January 3rd: Frederick William Hope, British zoologist († April 15th 1862)
January 11th: Carl Anton Joseph Rottmann, painter († 1850)
January 31st: Franz Schubert, type-setter († 1828)
February 5th: Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel (Saint-Malo - † April 24th 1872, Paris)
February 13rd: Léopold Victor Charner, Admiral de France. († February 7th 1869).
March 7th: Manual Parra, Spanish Matador († November 8th 1829).
March 10th: George Poulett Scrope, geologist and British economist († 1876)
March 22nd: Guillaume I {{er}}, 5th king de Prusse in 1861 then 1st German emperor in 1871 († 1888)
March 27th: Alfred de Vigny, French poet († 1863)
April 14th: Adolphe Thiers, president of the French Republic († 1877)
April 27th: Victor Audouin, naturalist, entomologist and ornithologist French († 1841)
May 30th: Karl Friedrich Naumann, German geologist († 1873)
June 12th: Jules Regnault, erudite economist († 1863)
June 23rd: Theophilus Bra, romantic sculptor († 1863)
August 2nd: Amédée Simon Dominique Thierry, French historian († March 27th 1873, 75 years)
August 10th: Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini, German botanist († 1848)
November 14th: Charles Lyell British geologist († 1875)
November 29th: Gaetano Donizetti, Italian type-setter († 1848)
August 30th: Mary Shelley (Mary Woolstonecraft), écrivaine British († 1851)
September 10th: Carl Gustav Mosander (1797 - 1858). Swedish chemist.
December 3rd: Andrew Smith, Doctor - Military and British zoologist († 1872)
December 13rd: Heinrich Heine
December 23rd: Adrien de Jussieu, French botanist († 1853)

nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

Jacques-Antoine Moerenhout, ethnologist and consul († 1879).
Hiroshige, Japanese
Oumar Tall, conqueror and sovereign painter Toucouleur

Death in 1797

March 2nd: Horace Walpole, British writer (1717 -1797).
March 3rd: Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec, French navigator discoverer of the southern seas.
March 26th: James Hutton, chemist and British geologist (° 1726).
May 17th: Michel-Jean Sedaine, dramatic author (1719-1797), who popularized the Op3era Comique in France.
May 27th: Babeuf, Gracchus (François-Christmas known as) (1760 -1797).
June 28th: Pietro Verri (born in 1728).
July 9th: Edmund Burke, politician and British preserving theorist (1729 -1797).
September 10th: Mary Wollstonecraft, British woman of letters feminist (1759 -1797).
December 23rd: Friedrich Eugen, fourteenth duke of Württemberg (Germany) (1732 -1797)

See too

Year V, Year VI

Be-X-old: 1797 Map-bms: 1797 Simple: 1797 Zh-yue: 1797 年

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