1796

This page relates to the year 1796 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

Big lakes: Beginning of the reign of Kyebambe III Nyamutukura, king of the Bounyoro (fine in 1835). Nyamutukura arrives at the capacity after having expelled his/her brother. It distributes the provinces which remain to him between its sons. Its long reign will involve their revolt and the secession of several areas (Toro (Uganda)).
Madagascar: Nampoina seizes Tananarive after two unfruitful attempts. It drives out of it the king Andrianamboatsimarofy and remade the unit of the Imerina (1805). After having organized its kingdom, it launches out to the conquest of the close territories. It intervenes in the economic domain by supporting the creation of rice plantations, in particular in the marsh of Betsimitatatra which is put in culture in a dozen years.
Sudan: Mourad Bey, chief de facto of the Egypt, and Carlo Rosetti, consul of Venice enriched by the traffic slave trader, organizes a forwarding towards the Darfur; charged in theory with helping Egypt to modernize the equipment of its army, it and intended to be used as head of bridge for an invasion in due form, which cannot be done.

Americas

May 7th, Low-Canada: Adoption by the Room of assembly of the law on the bridges and the ways, very badly received by the people in general (This law stipulates that the royal ways will have thirty feet - 9,15 m - of width and will be under the control of large the voyer. The inhabitants must clean the ditches and maintain the ways. They are also subjected to 12 days of drudgeries, and can be about it exempted at a rate of a chelin and three sums of money per day.).
June 1st: The Tennessee becomes the sixteenth state of the American union.
October 9th, Low-Canada: the inhabitants of the Saint-Roch suburb are convened at an assembly to elect the inspectors of ways. The meeting turns to the riot. A magistrate is insulted and his threatened life. Four people are shown and three of them are condemned to various sorrows. As for the fourth, “it was withdrawn from research”.

George Washington refuses to be presented for a third mandate of president of the the United States.
a tradind ship of Boston unloads with Monterey, in California.

Asia

February 9th: Beginning of the reign of Jen-Tsung (Jiaqing), emperor Qing of China (fine in 1820).
May 1st: In Batavian Republic, the directors give up the administration of the Dutch Compagnie of the Eastern Indies at a “Committee for the Eastern businesses” named by the government.
February 14th: The Britanniques take Ceylon (Sri Lanka) with the Dutchmen.

the general Benoît de Boigne, who directed the army of Large the Moghol, returns in Savoy. The civil war which follows supports the companies of the British, the peshwa of the Marathes being placed under their protection.

Europe

Mars: First meeting of the National Assembly in Batavian Republic. Federalistic and moderate majority dominated by the liberal professions. Civic equality recognized with all the confessions and separation of the Church and the State.
March 2nd: Five French Armies are spread to eliminate the Austria and definitively to make sure the possession of left bank of the the Rhine. Sambre-and-Meuse ordered by Jourdan and the Rhine-and-Moselle by Moreau must go on Vienna by the Germany of the South. Kellerman in the the Alps, Bonaparte in Italy, Notch in Great Britain or Ireland are in charge operations of diversions.
April 11th: Crossing by Napoleon Bonaparte of the collar of Cadibone, beginning of the countryside of Italy.

Bonaparte strikes first and gains a series of victories over Austria with Montenotte and Dego (12 and April 14th), over the Sardinians with Millesimo (April 13rd) and Mondovi (April 21st).

April 28th: The Sardinians require an armistice of Cherasco.
May 10th: Victorious with Lodi, Bonaparte seizes Milan the May 15th. The population accommodates the French with enthusiasm. Threatened, the Bourbons of Parma and Modena declare their neutrality.
May 14th: the Directory load Berthollet and Gaspard Monge to go to visit and collect in the countries conquered in Italy of the monuments of art and science.
May 15th: Treaty of Paris, the Maison of Savoy yield the Duché of Savoy, the Comté of Nice, Thirty and Breuil with the France.
the May 30th, the French offensive in Italy is blocked by the resistance of Mantoue.

the offensives of Jourdan and Moreau, stopped in May, develop: Moreau takes Munich while Jourdan passes the the Rhine to Cologne, seizes Frankfurt ( June) and enters in Bohemia ( August).

June 1st: André Masséna occupies Vérone.
July 5th: The Britanniques occupy the isle of Elba.
August: In Italy, Bonaparte breaks the reinforcements sent to the help of Mantoue: Wurmser is beaten with Lonato (August 3rd) and with Castiglione (August 5th), then forced to be locked up in Mantoue besieged ( September).
August 18th: Alliance of the Spain with the Directory, with the treated of Saint-Ildefonse renewed in 1800.
September 4th: French Victoire with the Combat of Rovereto. Bonaparte takes Thirty the following day.
September 8th: French Victoire with the Battle of Bassano.
September - October: In Germany, Jourdan and Moreau, which cannot make their junction, are beaten separately and must bring back their armies on the the Rhine.
October 15th: Bonaparte creates the République cispadane, including/understanding Modena and the Legations occupied by the French Army.
15 with the November 17th: Bonaparte, which always besieges Mantoue, beats an army of help to the Bataille of the Bridge of Arcole, then another with Rivoli (14 - January 15th 1797).
15 - December 30th: Forwarding of Ireland. Beginning of a revolt in Ireland, supported by France (end in 1798). France gives up the unloading in Ireland and Hoche replaces Jourdan with the command of the army of Sambre-and-Meuse.

Soulèvement antifrançais with Vérone.
Spain: Return in favor of the partisans of the Lights , like Jovellanos or Mariano Shine of Urquijo.
Nomination by France of a consul in Valachie charged to propagate the revolutionary ideas there.
Galicie : Formation of a Galician conspiracy by the means of the maconnic cabins. It sends an emissary to Paris to contact the Directoire.

France

Russia

May 10th: Beginning of the Persian Forwarding of 1796
June 13rd: Catch of Bakou.
Catherine II of Russia orders the dissolution of all the maconnic cabins. Novikov is imprisoned with Schlüsselbourg. Exile of the prince Troubetzkoy.
October 6th : Beginning of the reign of Paul I {{er}}, tsar of Russia (fine in 1801).

With the advent of Paul Ier, the prisoners of the secret Chancellery are released. General amnesty for all the civils servant under the blow of legal proceedings. Novikov is released, Radichtchev pointed out exile. Twelve thousand Poles held with Saint-Pétersbourg since 1795 are released. The old institutions of Livonie and Estonia, removed by Catherine II of Russia, are restored.

Decree authorizing the appeal to justice “of the people asserting their freedom”.

Abolition of article 15 of the Charter of the Nobility of 1785 which exempted the nobility of corporal punishments.

November: Recall of the army sent in Persian by Catherine II and suspension of recruitment ordered in August.

November 8th : The absenteeism of noble being useful in the regiments of the Guard will be sanctioned.
November 19th : Decree restoring all the colleges removed by Catherine II.

November 23rd : Publication of three new military payments copied from the Prussian payments. Creation of a Ministry of Finances.
November 29th : The tax in kind is replaced, according to the wish of the peasants, by a silver royalty.

December: Exile of the princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dachkova.

Art & Culture

Bullfighting or the art of toréer to foot and horse of Jose Delgado known as “Pepe Hillo”.

Aloys Senefelder, born with Prague, invents the Lithographie.
Bonaparte with the bridge of Arcole , fabric of Antoine Gros.
the American painter Gilbert Stuart paints a portrait of George Washington which will be used later on the American tickets.
the Japanese painter Sharuku paints its heads of fighters and actors.
Rotunda of the Bank from England to London built by sir John Soane, of Greek influence.

Science & technology

Economy & company

Construction with Gleiwitz (Silesia) of one of the first blast furnaces with coke of Europe.
the Italy is organized in order to provide to the effort of French war that which it needs economically and militarily. After the conquest, the tax exactions, the political interferences, the indifference of the French in the local conditions or the aspirations of the Italian patriots quickly causes a hostility marked in their opposition. The initiative of Bonaparte avoids with the Italy a mode of military occupation direct. He largely encourages revolutionary propaganda.
Russian foreign trade with triplet since 1763. The number of manufactures, installed especially in the the Ural, passes from 984 to 3161.

Births in 1796

February 7th

Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quételet, scientific Belgian († February 17th 1874)
Michael Thonet, Austrian draftsman of pieces of furniture.

February 10th: Henry of the Spade, British geologist .
July 26th: Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter.
September 19th: Richard Harlan, Doctor, zoologist and American paleontologist († 1843).

Death in 1796

February 17th: William Chambers, British architect (1723 -1796).
July 21st: Robert Burns, Scottish poet.
November 6th: Catherine II, tsarina de Russie

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