1794 in France

This page relates to the year 1794 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Year II and year III of the republican Calendar .

January

January 12th: Scandal of the Company of the Indies.
January 19th: The British take Corsica foot in .
January 21st: “Infernal columns” of Turreau during the War of the Vendée.

February

Saint-Just chairs Convention. Beginning of the Great Terror.

Terror made 16 594 victims of March 1793 in August 1794, for 500 000 arrests. The three quarter are carried out at the end of the applicable martial law in the risen departments, 15% for crime of counter-revolution (conspiracy, emigration, treason, intelligence with the enemy). 2% are refractory priests, 1,5% of the monopolizers. 28% of the victims are peasants, 31,25% are “workers”.

February 4th (16 pluviôse): The Convention abolishes the slavery in metropolis and in the whole of the French colonies.
February 21st: Generalization of the maximum of the prices and the wages in all France.
February 26th and March 2nd: Confiscation and distribution of the goods of the emigrants.
February 28th: Massacre Lucs-on-Boulogne by the infernal Colonnes. More than 500 women and children are burned alives in the church.

March

March 11th: Creation of a commission including/understanding Gaspard Monge and Lazare Carnot, charged to create a central school of public works which will become the Polytechnic school.
13 - March 14th: Elimination of the “factions” Hébertistes them (Hébert, Ronsin, Manual, Momoro, Leclerc, Cloots, Proli) and dantonists (or Lenient) the March 31st by the Committee of public hello.
March 24th: Execution of the Hébertistes.
March 30th (10 germinal): Night arrest of Danton.

the Committee can purify the Commune, make disappear the popular companies (May) and institutionalize the operation of the sections by reducing the meetings to two per decades. It still reinforces the centralization of the capacity by obtaining Convention the removal of the ministers, replaced by twelve executive commissions elected by Convention. The public opinion starts to denounce the dictatorship of Robespierre.
Beginning of the Chouan nery.

April

April 1st: Removal of the commissions to the monopolization.
April 2nd ( 13 germinal ): Opening of the lawsuit of Danton and the dantonists in front of the revolutionary Tribunal.
April 3rd ( 14 germinal ): Second audience of the lawsuit of Danton and the dantonists in front of the revolutionary Tribunal.
April 5th ( 16 germinal ): Execution of Danton and its partisans.
April 10th ( 21 germinal ): Lawsuit of the “conspiracy of the prison of Luxembourg”.
16 and April 24th: The laws of 27 germinal and 5 floréal worsen the sorrows and centralize the instruction of the legal files with Paris.
April 22nd: Creation of the large book of the public benevolence where the poor ones are registered helped.

May

May 4th: Repression of the strike movements; the workmen working in the branches of general interest can be requisitioned.
May 7th: Worship To be it supreme.
May 8th: Following their lawsuit, twenty-seven farmer general are guillotines, of which the chemist Antoine Lavoisier.
May 10th:

Arrest of Pache, mayor of Paris, replaced by Fleuriot-Lescot.
Judgment of the revolutionary Tribunal established with Arras which condemns Eugenie Lochtembergh, above noble, resident with Racquinghem, district of Saint-Omer, convinced, according to the declaration of the jury, to be traîtraisse with the fatherland, author or accessory to the conspiracy warped and continued since the origin of the Révolution against French people and his freedom, having maliciously and intentionally preserved carefully fanatic letters suitable to operate the corruption of the citizens and to shake their fidelity with the French Nation, with the Capital punishment.

Mrs Elisabeth, sister of Louis XVI, guillotinée.
May 18th: Removal of the revolutionary tribunals of province.
May 31st (12 meadow year II): Execution of Eugenie Lochtenbergh, widow of Mr. of the Forging mill, mother of four children, condemned to died by the revolutionary Tribunal of Arras, to be itself shown treacherous with the fatherland by preserving letters.

June

June 1st: Battle 13 meadow year II.
June 4th: Budgetary efforts to apply the decree of the 5 nivôse (December 24th) making education elementary free and obligatory.

June 8th (20 meadow): Festival To be it supreme.
June 10th: The law 22 meadow year II reorganizes the revolutionary tribunal, removes the defenders, the witnesses and the preliminary instruction in the lawsuits of the suspects (1376 people are guillotinées with Paris until Thermidor 9).
June 14th: Business Catherine Théot; the Comité of general security makes public a business of mystics which saw in Robespierre the Messie.
June 26th (8 messidor): The French Army of Jourdan carries the victory over the troops britanno-Dutchwomen with Fleurus.

Political crisis at the end of spring. The Comité of public hello loses supports it opinion, exceeded by the policy of terror. Dissensions appear in the political personnel. The deputies of the Plaine think that the rigor is not any more setting with the distance of the external danger and the weakening of the counter-revolution. Arrest of the mistress of Tallien, one of the notorious “rascals” denounced by Robespierre. Attempted murder against Robespierre of Admiral and Cecile Renault. Into meadow, Fouché, representing on mission threatened by Robespierre, is elected president of the Jacobins.

July

3 - July 23rd: Robespierre, patient, does not appear any more with the meetings of the Comité of public hello nor to that of the Convention of the 15 messidor at Thermidor 5.
July 25th: Execution of the poet Andre Chénier.
July 26th: Thermidor 8, Robespierre goes up to the platform of Convention and makes a statement on its program: maintenance of Terror, renewal of the Committee of general security and total subordination to the Committee of public hello. He announces sanctions against the “rascals” and denounces the moderate deputies. He does not name anybody and all feel threatened. He does not obtain any vote of Convention. The evening, it rejoins with its program the majority of the Club of the Jacobins.
July 27th (Thermidor 9 year II): falls and arrest of Maximilien de Robespierre; with Convention, Robespierre cannot be made hear and the majority decides to put “out the law” the Robespierristes. The Commune and some sections try an insurrection to save Robespierre, but nobody follows.
Beginning of the Convention thermidorienne (fine the October 26th 1795) chaired by Boissy d' Anglas.
July 28th (Thermidor 10): Execution of Maximilien de Robespierre, Louis Saint-Just, Georges Couthon and other Robespierristes (22 people). The execution of Robespierre puts an end to Terror. It is the beginning of the reaction thermidorienne.
July 29th (Thermidor 11): Execution of 71 members of the Common of Paris.
July 31st: Dismantling of the apparatus of Terror: the Committees of public hello and general security are replaced under the rule of the monthly renewal of the members, and to avoid the permanent members, a deputy can be re-elected there only after one deadline one month.

August

: The law of the meadow 22 is repealed.
August 5th: Beginning of the British occupation of the Corsica (fine in 1796).
August 9th: Arrest of Bonaparte to Nice, suspecté of robespierrism. It will be given in freedom eleven days later.
August 10th: The personnel of the revolutionary Tribunal is renewed.
August 24th: Reorganization of the revolutionary government. The Executive commissions are put each one under the authority of one of the Committees of Convention.

poor Harvest of corn because of scalding.

September

September 1st: The optical Télégraphe of Claude Chappe makes it possible to transmit the news of the French victory of Cop-on-the Scheldt: it spent fifteen minutes to arrive of Lille with Paris.
September 4th: Decree on the fortune of the deputies of Convention.
September 14th: The missions of the deputies are reduced to three months.
September 18th: Law on the separation of the Church and the State.
September 19th: Within the framework of the systematic plundering of the Belgium by the French Republic, the first seized works of art arrive at Paris.
September 28th: official creation of the central of public works, future school Polytechnic school.

early Grape harvest in the North of France.

October

October 9th: Addresses Convention to French people, to adoptee the 18 vendémiaire, on report/ratio of Cambacérès in the name of three committees (legislation, public hello, general security). A fixed mode east restores.
October 10th: Creation of the Conservatory national of arts and trades by the Abbot Gregoire.
October 11th: Sixteen years after its death the skin of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is transferred from Ermenonville to the the Pantheon, during a celebration which lasted three days (from October 9th to 11th).
October 12th: Convention takes pretext of brawls to the Club of the Jacobins to pronounce the closing of the clubs. The movement sans-culotte east weakens and cored by the young jet set.
October 16th: Lawsuit of the revolutionary Committee of Nantes. In frimaire, the lawsuit of the Nantes terrorists makes the lawsuit of Terror: Carrier, representing on mission, and the members of the Nantes Inspection committee are condemned to death.

October 24th: Creation of the National university.

November

November 9th: The law on the monopolization is amended. The confiscation of the food products replaces the capital punishment. The fixing of the maximum of the prices passes from Conventions to the authorities of district.
November 11th: Closing of the Club of the Jacobins.
November 16th: The laws against the refractory emigrants and priests are maintained.
November 18th: Decrees Lakanal on the state education.
November 27th: Organization of the schools of health to Paris, Montpellier and Strasbourg. They deliver doctorates in medicine and surgery after 4 years of studies.

December

December 8th: Return of the soixante-treize Of Gironde S to Convention.
December 24th: Abolition of the law of the Maximum.

Amnesty in the Vendée for the Chouans.

Internal bonds

the year 1794 in the world
Chronology of the French revolution

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