1787

This page relates to the year 1787 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

April 9th - May 15th: A ship leaves Portsmouth for the Sierra Leone.

the company British Antiesclavagiste buys the Sierra Leone to install there freed black slaves come from America via the Great Britain (foundation of the town of Freetown in 1792). Granville Sharp, founder of a Committee of help of the poor Black (1786), installs 411 “black” colonists on the coast of the Sierra Leone to create there a Christian company similar to the British company.

May 22nd: Foundation with London by Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp of the Committee for the Abolition off the Slavic Trade (Committee for the abolition of the trade of the slaves), constant amongst other things by John Wesley and Josiah Wedgwood.

Madagascar: Beginning of the reign of Andrianampoinimérina (or Nampoina, born towards 1740), king of the Imerina (fine in 1810). It seizes the power with the support of the “twelve companions”, representing principal the hova Ambohimanga, one of the kingdoms of Imerina. The treaty of Ambatobe, signed with the two other kings Mérina, ensures the populations a seven years peace. Nampoina benefits to build on its borders north a belt of strengthened villages occupied by peasants soldiers and constitutes from it a powerful army to which it provides rifles.

the kingdom Imérina tries to unify the island of Madagascar. In 1787, it extends only on one radius of thirty kilometers around Tananarive.

South Africa: Birth of Tchaka, wire not recognized of Senzangakona (Ifenilendja), an assistant manager of the tribe Nguni of Abatethwa (Native) and of Nandi (the Delicious one), a princess of the group Langeni. During its childhood, it is in hillock with vexations of its entourage, because of its illegitimate wire state. Teenager, it takes refuge in the chief nguni Dingiswayo, the suzerain of his father. He becomes his chief of the armies, then in 1818 succeeds to him.

Oceania

May 13rd: Departure of Portsmouth for the Australia of a fleet of eleven ships of " convicts " (convicts), ordered by the captain Arthur Phillip.

Asia

Serious famine and riots of rice with Edo with the Japan.
Revolt with Taiwan (1787 - 1788).

America

February 4th: Repression of the Revolt of Shays.
May 25th: Beginning of the meeting of a constitutional convention with Philadelphia, the the United States (fine the September 17th).
July 13rd: The American Congrès sign the North-West Schedules , accelerating the expansion towards the west, in the north of the river Ohio.

Three ordinances regulate the fate of the new territories of the valley of the Ohio (1784 - 1785 -1787): basic division is a surface of 6 miles square intended to become the territory of a commune ( Township ). This surface is divided into 36 batches; 31 is sold, 4 are reserved for the needs for the federal administration, 1 for the expenditure of the school of the commune. Progressively from the development of the population, one passes from an administration named by the Congress to an administration of State integrated into the Union (more 60 000 people). The Congress prohibits the Esclavage in the territories of the North-West, the futures Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. These ordinances are always in force.

September 17th: Adoption of the the Constitution of the United States of America, written by Thomas Jefferson, one of oldest the Constitution of the world.
October 26th, Canada: Dissatisfied from the Act of Quebec, the Loyalistes obtain Great Britain which it grants to the governor and to the Legislative council the right “to concede its grounds in franc and common soccage and not burdened with any royalty to the Crown”.
October 27th: Beginning of the publication of a series of articles, the Federalist writes by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, for a promotion of the news Constitution of the United States of America.
December 7th: The Delaware ratifies the Constitution and becomes the first State of the United States.
December 12th: The Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution.
December 18th: The New Jersey ratifies the Constitution.

the Spain refuses freedom of movement of the ships of the the United States on bottom the Mississippi.

Europe

Bad harvests with the Netherlands (1787 - 1788 - 1789). The rise of the agricultural produce sponges the saving while directing it towards the purchase of foodstuff and by restricting the product purchase manufactured. The companies industrial close their doors and put their workmen at unemployment, whereas the prices go up.

January 11th: Commercial treaty enters the Russia and the France negotiated by the count Philippe Henri de Ségur.
February - July: Travel of Catherine II of Russia in the Crimea (interview of Kherson with Potemkine).
May: Revolution of the “Patriots”. New councils are elected in spring with the United Provinces according to a payment which had notably widened the electorate. The councils, especially those of Rotterdam and Amsterdam, decide the dismissal of the Stathouder.
28 - May 30th: Anti-orangistes riots with Amsterdam. The patriotic militia of the United Provinces put in rout a small army orangist, on the way towards Amsterdam, close to Utrecht.
June 28th: The revolution of the “Patriots” turns to the civil war during the summer. The princess Wilhelmina, woman of Guillaume V of Orange-Nassau, which tried to go to $the Hague to rejoin the orangists, is stopped close to Gouda by the patriots, which causes the indignation of his/her brother Frederic-Guillaume II of Prussia.
June: Meet Catherine II of Russia with Stanislas Poniatowski with Kaniev, on the Dniepr. It does not obtain any lightening of the Russian domination in Poland.
July: The Othoman send an ultimatum to the Russia, requiring the recall of the Russian consuls of Bucharest and Iaşi, the abandonment of the Georgia and the right of Turkish access on the Russian ships in Black Sea. The Russians refuse the ultimatum and the war is started in February 1788.
August 24th: The Ottoman Empire declares the war in Russia. Beginning of the second Russo-Turkish war (end in 1792). Potemkine, becomes commander-in-chief of the Russian troops.
September 13rd: After two ultimata, the Prussian troops ordered by the duke of Brunswick enter the Republic of the United Provinces, beat the patriotic armies and restore the Stadhouder with increased capacities ( Acte of guarantee ). The France, to which the patriots had turned, does not react because of the political situation of the kingdom. Approximately 40 000 patriots flee repression.
October 1st: Alexandre Souvorov is victorious Turks with the Bataille of Kinburn.

Foundation of Iekaterinoslav, on the Dniepr.
Diffusion of freemasonry: 145 cabins in Russia, 75 in the Poland annexed.

States of Habsbourgs

January 1st: The States of the Brabant refuse to authorize the tax. Joseph II counterpart by the dissolution of the states.
January 13rd: Revision of the penal code of Marie-Therese. The Capital punishment is abolished, except for the courses martial. The last laws against the Sorcellerie are abolished.
April 23rd: A national synod of the bishops of Toscane meets in Florence. The decrees of the Synode of Pistoie collect the support only one minority of three of them.
May 21st: The ecclesiastical reform causes a riot in Toscane directed against the bishop of Pistoia, Scipione de' Ricci. The books of Pasquier Quesnel are burned by the crowd and the withdrawn tables of the churches positioned back.
July - August: Revolution brabançonne. A rising involves the withdrawal of the Austrian troops of the Austrian Netherlands. The patriots seize the capacity. Two currents are opposed: the “statists”, with Van der Noot only intend to free themselves from the foreign supervision while making respect the existence of the franknesses and the respect from the capacity of the States. The “vonckists” are more radical and hostile with the old mode.

In Tuscan, certain titles of Fidéicommis is abolished and it is interdict to create some again: certain ecclesiastical goods are split and rented with peasants who will be able to then go purchaser of it. This operation is largely sabotaged by the great landowners who arrange themselves to buy directly the batches put on sale.

France

February 22nd - May 25th: Meeting of the Assemblée of notable the, made up of 114 privileged indicated by the king, which rejects all the reforms of Calonne, which call in question their tax prerogatives, being regarded as inapt to decide the lifting of a new tax (the territorial Subvention, February 22nd).
March 31st: Calonne publishes its secret reforms hitherto held to call some with the public opinion. Given up by the king, it must resign (April 8th).
April 8th: Disgrace of Calonne. Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux in vain tries to make accept its programme of reform to the Assemblée of notable the.
May 1st: Loménie de Brienne, archbishop of Toulouse, is thorough with the capacity by its body and the coterie of the queen and becomes Minister for Finance (fine in 1788). The notable ones and the Parliaments grant a loan of 67 million to him, which makes it possible to avoid the bankruptcy.
May 25th: The notable ones are returned after having claimed the behavior of General states via Fayette.
June 26th: Instituting edict of the provincial assemblies and the elected municipalities. The doubling of the Third state, the vote per capita and the vote censitaire envisaged dissatisfied the privileged people.

Tax reforms: reorganization of the Council of finances, freedom of the trade of the grains, replacement of the drudgery by a silver tax, tax of the stamp.

July - August: During the summer, Loménie de Brienne runs up against the opposition of the courses sovereign: the Parlement of Paris refuses the tax on the stamp (July 2nd) and claims the convocation of the General states (July 16th). Bordeaux refuses to record the edict on the provincial assemblies (August).
14 - August 15th: The Parisian parliamentary are sent to Troyes during the night.
August 18th: Reads justice. Exile of the Parliament of Bordeaux to Libourne.
20 - August 30th: Popular riots burst with Paris to support the Parlements. The negotiation between Brienne and the Parliaments lead to a compromise: the government plans to convene the General states, but request of time and financial means to present in 1792 a satisfactory assessment (November).
August: Prohibition of the meetings of the Clubs like the company of the Thirty (company joined together at Duport), which radiates on the province thanks to its newspaper, the Sentinel of the People (October 10th 1788 - December 25th 1788).
September 19th: Return of the Parliament to Paris. It agrees to record the extension of the tax of both Twentieth S and the launching of a loan. The conflict appears to calm down in spite of the recording forced by bed of justice of the loan and “the edict on the not-catholics”.
October 7th: Anne Louis Henri of Fare becomes bishop of Nancy.
November 17th: Edict on the not-catholics. The Protestants reach the civil statue thanks to Malesherbes.

Beginning of a revolt peerage-book (fine in 1788).

Religion

April 2nd: Foundation with Philadelphia of the Free African Society , first black independent Church, followed Bethel Church (1794), of African Methodist Episcopal Church (1816) and of African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church with New York in 1820.
November 17th: Louis XVI takes a edict which juridically devotes the presence of the Protestants in the French company.
progressive Rupture enters the movement Méthodiste and the Eglise Anglican.

Art & Culture

February 28th: Charter of foundation of the University of Pittsburgh.
May 6th: Foundation with Boston of the Free African Lodge , company of black freemasons, under the impulse of Prince Hall, an emigrated mulatto of the Barbades.
June 6th: Foundation of the Franklin & Marshall College with Lancaster (Pennsylvania).

June 8th: Winnowing machine , opera of Antonio Salieri and Beaumarchais, created with Paris.
July 14th: the Promise of marriage , Op3era Comique of Henri Montan Berton in the Op3era Comique of Paris.
August 4th: Inkle and Yarico , Op3era Comique of Colman, with Haymarket.
July 19th: Renaud d' Ast , Op3era Comique of Nicolas Dalayrac, with the Italian Theater of Paris.
October 29th: Don Giovanni , opera of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is presented to the Théâtre of the States of Prague.
In November, Mozart succeeds Gluck as type-setter of the court of Vienna.

the Meadow of Saint-Isidore , fabric of Goya.
Construction of the Bridge of the Harmony by Perronet (1787 - 1791).

Science & technology

January 11th: The British Astronome William Herschel discovers Titania and Obéron, satellite of Uranus.
August 22nd: John Fitch carries out the test on the river Delaware of a Steamer propelled by oars.

Publication of the method of nomenclature chemical by Lavoisier, Guyton, Berthollet and Fourcroy.
Law of the dilation of the gases of Jacques Alexandre César Charles.
First spinning mill equipped with , a Steam engine in France Orleans, for the duke of Orleans.
the ironmaster of the Shropshire John Wilkinson (1728 - 1808) puts in building site the first iron ship.

Economy & Company

Census of Floridablanca in Spain which counts of 10,4 to 11,4 million inhabitants. The population of the Catalogne passed from 400 000 inhabitants in 1717 with 900 000.
Taken again growth of the population in France (1787 - 1799).
Creation of a Company of the Indies based on Trieste by Joseph II.
the monopolies of sale of the lord are abolished in the states habsbourgeois.
New land register in Austria, supplementing that of 1751.
With died of Frederic II of Prussia, the Prussia is equipped with a centralized bureaucratic apparatus and an efficient military apparatus (200 000 men) with his leading body of officer-small landed proprietors of pomegranates to the impeccable automatism.

Births in 1787

January 24th: Christian Ludwig Brehm, German ornithologist († 1864)
March 14th: Tharrawaddy Min, king de Birmanie (1837-1846)
March 28th: Claudius James Rich, Traveller, Archeologist and British Anthropologist of the beginning of the 19th century. († October 5th 1821).
June 7th: William Conybeare geologist and British paleontologist
September 6th: Emilie de Rodat, religious Frenchwoman, founder of the congregation of the Sisters of the Holy-Family. († September 19th 1852).
October 4th: François Guizot
October 30th: Louis-Jacques-Maurice de Bonald, future archbishop of Lyon
November 18th: Louis Daguerre, painter and inventor of photography

Death in 1787

February 13rd: Charles Gravier, count de Vergennes
February 13rd: Ruđer Josip Bošković, physicist mathematician and astronomer of Raguse (° May 18th 1711)
May 10th: William Watson physicist and British botanist
May 28th: Leopold Mozart, violonist and type-setter, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
June 18th: Géraud Servant of Réganhac, Lawyer and Poet French (° June 5th 1719).
October 30th: Ferdinando Galiani, Italian economist (° December 2nd 1728)
November 15th: Christoph Willibald Gluck, type-setter, German, (° 1714).

Be-X-old: 1787 Map-bms: 1787 Simple: 1787 Zh-yue: 1787 年

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