1775

This page relates to the year 1775 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • Beginning of the reign of Kpengla, king of Abomey (fine in 1789). It reorganizes the army of the Dahomey, but does not manage to release itself from the supervision of the Oyo.

Asia

  • China: Bloody tender of the Miao-tseu, mountain dwellers independent of the Koueï Tchéou.
  • Vârânasî (Bénarès) and Ghazipur is taken with the Aoudh by the British.
  • a Dutch adventurer receives a charter melting an Asian imperial Company. He bases transitory counters on the coast of Malabar (1775 - 1792).

Americas

  • Three million white lives the New England. Five African million and half were brought to Americas since the beginnings of colonization.

  • Brazil: The slavery of the Indians is abolished, replaced by a servile labor coming from Angola, another colony Portuguese of the African coasts. Until 1850, the draft of the black slaves, will touch nearly three million and half of human beings, which will be torn off African continent to be controlled and sold to the Brazilian growers.

See also: War of independence of the United States of America

Europe

  • April: Administrative reform in Russia, which is divided into 51 governments of approximately 300  000 inhabitants, in the place of the 16 provinces, themselves divided into districts ( ouezdy ). A governor appointed by the emperor is placed at their head, with broad administrative capacities, police and legal. Reform justice. Each order (noble, commercial, country free), receives courts to judge its members. Freedoms of the Cosaques Zaporogues are removed.

  • May 4th: The Turkey yields the Bucovine to the Austria.

  • May 16th - May 25th: Large Jacquerie in Bohemia. The convergent walk of the notable villagers for the abolition of the drudgery, planned for the Midsummer's Day Népomucène, is quickly exceeded. Castles are burned, of the lords are assassinated. The insurrectionists arrive in disorder in front of Prague the May 25th. Large the burgrave, Charles-Egon de Fürtenberg tries parlementer in vain. It must make charge with the knife, without making victims.

  • August 13rd: Marie-Therese promulgates without agreements with the Diet its license of drudgery, text accommodated well by the notable ones of Bohemia which makes it accept with the agricultural work force.

  • Creation of the permanent Council ( Rada Nieustająca ) which becomes the central government in Poland: the Diet elects for two years eighteen senators and eighteen deputies, which sits under the authority of the king. Five departments are organized: foreign affairs, the Police force, Finances and the Justice, with the head of which ministers named and revoked by the king are. These reforms cause a regrouping of the tycoons against the royal authority.

France

  • Frozen of olive-trees in Provence. Icy winter in the north of France. Normal in the Center and in the South of the country. Great cold starting from the January 8th until the beginning of February. Temperature record: -17,2°C in Paris the January 29th. The Seine is cold January 25th with the February 6th.

  • April 18th - May 6th: War of the flours , disorders organized by the speculators against the reforms of Turgot. The poor harvest of 1774 and the speculation of the merchants of grain, who store to make assemble the courses, causes the “dearness” of the grains (after that of 1771 and 1773). Riots burst on the markets and the rioters impose a price control. Turgot is brought to repress hard the riots of the “war of the flours”.
  • May 30th: Turgot creates the Régie powders and salpetres. Lavoisier there is named police chief and settles with the Arsenal.
  • June 11th: Crown Louis XVI of France to Rheims.
  • July 3rd - December 13rd: Parliament of the clergy.
  • July 12th: Malesherbes becomes Secretary of State at the House of the King (fine in 1776).
  • October 27th: Saint-Germain is named Minister for the war.
    • Saint-Germain reform the army: removal of the bodies of the house of the king, the venality of the warheads, organization of the military academies installed in colleges held by the monks, introduction of the corporal punishments into armed, reorganization of the artillery (Gribeauval).
  • November 21st: Warning with Faithful on the advantages of the Christian Religion and the effects pernicious of Incredulity . The Assemblée of the clergy worries about the projects of the reformers on the tolerance.

Religion

  • February 15th: Beginning of the Pontificate of Black and white VI (fine in 1799).
  • Bubble Incrustabile Sapientae which condemns irreligion, impiété, atheism and calls with the union of the spiritual powers and the temporal powers against irreligion.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1775 with the theater, 1775 in literature

Sciences & technology

  • the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier discovers the role of oxygen in combustion.
  • Boring machine of the ironmaster John Wilkinson (1728 - 1808), which allows the realization of the Steam engine.
  • Jouffroy d' Abbans builds the first Steamer to have really functioned and whose improved version, with paddles, the Pyroscaphe , 46 m length and measuring 182 barrels, will go up the the Saone on several kilometers, in 1783.
  • '' The Turtle '', Underwater of David Bushnell.
  • Opening of the Channel of Bydgoszcz.

Economy & company

  • Vienna account 175  000 inhabitants.
  • Freedom of Tuscan export in which supports the production with large scales of the great landowners to the detriment of the low farm prices controlled by the government. The aggregate output of grain increases but does not involve any progress as regards social justice.

Births in 1775

Death in 1775

Be-X-old: 1775 Map-bms: 1775 Simple: 1775 Zh-classical: 一七七五年 Zh-yue: 1775 年

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