This page relates to the year 1764 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

  • February 15th: Foundation of the town of Saint Louis (Missouri).

  • April 5th: Sugar Act (tax on sugar by the British).
    • British Colonies: The metropolis, which with negociated loans to ensure the defense of the colonies, intends to make pay part of its debts by the colonies and adopts tax measures between April 1764 and May 1765: prohibition of West-Indian sugar, maintains 10  000 troops, excise tax striking the notarial acts and the newspapers.
  • October: Peace treaty enters the British colonel Henri Bouquet and the Shawnee, the Sénéca S and the Lenapes. Bouquet requires the return of all the British prisoners.

Canada

  • June 21st: William Brown and Thomas Gilmore publishes the first edition of the Quebec Gazette or Gazette of Quebec , a bilingual newspaper.
  • : Strong treaty of the Niagara between William Johnson and first nations of Canada.
  • August 13rd: Nomination of the advisers to the civil government of the Quebec. The French-speaking people are excluded from office because they must lend the oath of abjuration and the Test.
  • September 17th: The governor James Murray names the first ten Justice of the Peace of the province of Quebec which all will have obligatorily to be of Protestant religion.
  • In October, the British majority asks for the establishment of a selected legislative assembly among only the prone Protestants of the colony.
  • October 29th: Ninety-four of the principal Canadian tradesmen meet in order to address a petition to the British government showing certain British to want to impose a system of unacceptable government to them.

  • the Acadie NS in exile are authorized to turn over in Nova Scotia provided that they disperse in small establishments.

Asia & Indian world

  • October 23rd: Victoire of the British of Hector Munro with the Battle of Buxar on a coalition joining together the nabob of the Bengal Mir Kasim, the nabob of Oudh, other chiefs Indian and the emperor Moghol.

  • the Sikh are organized in state in India. They occupy Lahore.
  • Mongolia: Imperial decree binding the chabinars to the grounds of the convents.

Africa

  • May: Beginning of the reign of the Manicongo Alvaro IX with the Congo.

  • Beginning of the reign of Osei Kwadwo, asantehene of the Ashanti (fine in 1777).
  • Louis XV repurchases the Mascareignes with the Compagnie of the Indies after the bankruptcy of the latter.

Europe

  • System of North: alliance of the Russia, the Denmark and the Great Britain.
  • has Parma, any news Mainmorte is prohibited.
  • Famine with Naples. The economist Antonio Genovesi, however protectionist, supports a policy of free trade of the grains.

Bavaria

Poland

  • March 31st: Frederic II of Prussia and Catherine II of Russia conclude the treaty from Saint-Pétersbourg to harmonize their Polish policy. Frederic wishes to link the Brandebourg with Prussia-Eastern while seizing Polish Prussia and the mouth of the the Vistula. Catherine II seeks to increase her contacts with Europe, and the Poland makes screen with Germanic Europe.
  • September 6th: Stanislas Poniatowski, favorite of Catherine II of Russia is unanimously elected king of Poland to the Diet of Warsaw with the support of the Russian troops. It outlines a reform program: administrative reorganization, increase in the resources, maintenance of the mode of “confederation” which allows to be freed from the liberum veto (decisions of the Diet are taken in the majority and either unanimously).

  • Abolition of the Council of the Four Countries (kahal), body of government of the various Jewish communities of Poland and of the Council of Lithuania. The Jews pay from now on their taxes directly in the State.
  • During the reign of Stanislas Auguste, under the influence of the Lights, the exploitation of the great properties is modified. The town of Poznań calls upon German colonists, all censitaires, and the example is followed by large lords, like Zamoyski and Józef Poniatowski which transform their serfs while exploiting paying a taxable quota, abolishing the personal constraint. These measurements touch only one small number of rural.

Russia

  • July 4th: Ivan VI of Russia is assassinated in its prison of Schüsselbourg at the time of an escape bid.

  • July: Travel of Catherine II of Russia in Courlande.
  • October: Catherine of Russia is made vaccinate against the Variole to give the example.
  • December: Ivan Betski is charged to establish a plan of teaching institutions. It calls upon foreign professors.

  • the last hetman of the Cosaques is relieved by Catherine II of Russia. End of Ukrainian autonomy. Serfdom is extended to the Ukraine.
  • legislative and administrative Unification of the Russian Empire. Reorganization of the Senate.
  • Secularization of the clergy, confiscation of the goods of the convents (900  000 serfs of church become peasants of State, of many monasteries are closed). They will be used to make gifts of grounds to the favorites of the empress.
  • Alexis Viazemski becomes director of the commission of the Interior matters.
  • Catherine reinforces serfdom by creating true serfs of factory.
  • Of the German peasants is established in the valley of the the Volga in Russia.
  • general Payment for the education of the children of the two sexes, inspired of Rousseau (ever applied).
  • Institute of education for the noble young girls (Institute Smolny).

France

  • January: Of Mesnil and Fitz-James, commanders military with Grenoble and Toulouse, in conflict with the local Parliaments, are recalled to Versailles by Choiseul.

  • April 15th: Died of M {{me}} of Pompadour.
  • June 4th: Cassation of the judgment of Fixed by the Conseil of the king.
  • June 5th: Beginning of the businesses of Brittany. The Procureur Chalotais takes the head of a coalition of Magistrat S decided to defend the Privilège S buildings.
  • June 30th: The Bête of Gévaudan begins its devastations (end in 1767).
  • July 19th: Edict of the general inspector Averdy removing any obstacle with the trade of the grains except for the capital and its back country. Export out of the borders remains regulated.
    • the deregulation causes many riots frumentaires in the anxious consumers between 1764 and 1770, and does not prevent the rise of the prices. It on the other hand supports the emergence of many merchants of grain, resulting often from popular environments.
  • August 6th: second treaty of Compiegne enters the France and Genoa. The French troops are committed holding garrison in the three already occupied cities like with Bastia and Algajola during four years.
  • November 26th: Following the Business Valetta (1761), the Parliaments, expressing their sympathies Jansenists, gallicanes and regalists, succeed in imposing to the king expulsion Society of Jesus.

  • Jeanne Bécu becomes the mistress of the Languedocien knight Jean of Barry and directs the house of play which it has in Paris. Jean of Barry arranges himself to present it to Louis XV which, after having married it with the count Guillaume of Barry, brother of Jean (July 1768), makes his official mistress of it (1770).
  • Averdy tries the development of relatively representative municipalities (1764-1765).
  • Reconversion of one hundred six colleges Jesuits.
  • 1500 tons of money equivalent of expenditure engaged by the State. The public deficit falls to 180 million books in 1765.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1764 with the theater, 1764 in literature

  • March 3rd: Foundation of the College of Rhode Island , future University Brown.

  • January: Mozart, eight years old, plays on the organ of the vault of Versailles.

  • Construction of the church Holy-Genevieve (the Pantheon of Paris) by Soufflot (1764 - 1780) then Rondelet (1780 - 1789), completed in 1812.

  • Construction of the Hermitage to Saint-Petersbourg by Vallin of Mothe.
  • Reorganization of the Academy of the Russian fine art under the presidency of Betski.

Sciences & technology

  • June 1st: The French astronomer Charles Messier adds M13 ( Amas of Hercules ) to his catalogs.
  • July 12th: Charles Messier discovers the first Nébuleuse of the history, and the registered voter with the n° 27 of its catalog (Nébuleuse of Haltère or Dumbbell ).

Economy & company

  • the economist Pietro Verri is impassioned for the restoration of the Milanese State. The prince of Kaunitz, interested by his analysis, entrusts to him a station in the group charged to analyze the conditions of the Farm. Protectionist in the commercial relations with the foreigner, Pietro Verri recommends the freedom of the exchanges inside, and attacks the feudal mode which weighs on agriculture, with the corporations which block industry, with the customs duties which make obstacle with the trade. He is in favor of the standardization of the taxes, of the unification of the State (abolition of the privileges), of the introduction of a tax right and equitable, abolition of the system of the Farm and his replacement by an administration of finances. He wants to break the despotisms within the State, to reduce the Church to obedience and calls with a strong but nonarbitrary capacity, in agreement with the popular will.

Births in 1764

Death in 1764

Be-X-old: 1764 Map-bms: 1764 Simple: 1764 Zh-yue: 1764 年

Random links:San Pedro de Atacama | The tower without venom | Alfred Goulin | Jeremias Benjamin Richter | Popular movement of the families