1763

This page relates to the year 1763 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

February 10th: Treaty of Paris. The Canada, the valleys of the Ohio and the the Mississippi, the Florida and Tobago, all catholics, are yielded to the Great Britain. The Louisiana with the Spain. The Great Britain returns Cuba and the Filipino to the Spain in exchange of the Florida. France preserves only the the Antilles, of which Saint-Domingue, but the Great Britain obtains the Dominique, Saint-Vincent and Grenade (Ceded Island). The Portugal recovers on the Spain the territories of the Blessed Sacrament.

the French public opinion of the time considers the conservation of the Antilles, “the islands with sugar” like a victory and the loss of Canada like a delivery.

April 18th: Hanging of Marie-Josephte Corriveau condemned for the murder of his/her husband, Louis Dodier; its skin is locked up in a cage suspended on the sight of the passers by with Point-Levy. This cage, redécouverte in 1851, will inspire by many writers (Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (father) ( the Former Canadians , 1863) and Louis Fréchette).
April 27th: Rebellion of Pontiac. The Indian chief Ottawa, Pontiac (v. 1720 - 1769), leads a rising against the British in North America, dissatisfied of the new rules of trade founded by the Britanniques and to contain the European expansion. Supported by the France, it organizes a coalition which gathers almost all the tribes, of the point of the Lac Higher than the the Mississippi, to conduct attacks against the strong British of the West. It will be crushed by an army of French Canadian volunteers raised by the governor James Murray with the collaboration of the catholic clergy.
May 7th: Pontiac besieges Fort Strait (fine in 1765).
June 2nd, Rebellion of Pontiac: The Ojibwé seize Fort Michillimakinac.
June 22nd - August 20th: Sit of Fort Pitt. On order of the British general Jeffrey Amherst, the commander of Fort Pitt would have offered to the Indians who fight it, during a negotiation, covers infested by the Variole. The epidemic starts quickly among the Indians.
July 31st: Victoire de Pontiac with Bloody Run close to Strait.
4 - August 5th: Demolished of Pontiac to the battle of Bushy Run, in the County of Westmoreland (Pennsylvania).
August 31st: The capital of the Brésil is transferred from Salvador de Bahia to Rio de Janeiro.
September 14th: The Senecas beat the British with Devil' S Hole, close to the Chutes the Niagara.
October 7th: royal Proclamation of 1763. The Great Britain establishes the Proclamation Line which holds a territory with the Indians in the west of the the Appalachian Mountains. This measurement, intolerable to the North-American colonists, is at the origin of the war of independence. The province of Quebec is declared colony British by the king and its borders include, the peninsula of Gaspé and the catchment area of the the St. Lawrence, from the island of Anticosti until the Outaouais.
November 21st: James Murray becomes the first governor of the British province of Quebec (fine in 1766).
December 2nd: Dédication of the the synagog of Newport, oldest of the United States.

the British navigator James Cook explores the coasts of the Labrador.
Of the French colonists, come from Saint-Malo, settles with the Falklands.

Africa

February 10th: The French counters of the Senegal, less Gorée, become British.

September: Beginning of the reign of the Manicongo Pedro V with the Congo.

Asia

February 10th: Signature of the treated of fine Paris putting at the War Seven Year old. The Great Britain became the major colonial power. The treaty puts an end to French protectorate on the Dekkan. France loses all its positions in India except the counters of Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé and Chandernagor which is returned to him.

Europe

Period of cold springs and rainy summers in Germany (1763 - 1772).

February 10th: With the treated of Paris, Great Britain becomes main of a colonial empire immense, disproportionate with the measurement of its means, and especially heterogeneous (L. Collie).

February 13rd: Treaty of Hubertusburg, in Saxony, between the Austria, the Saxony and the Prussia. Return to the status quo handle . Marie-Therese confirms the possession of the Silesia by the Prussia against the promise to obtain the voice of Frederic II of Prussia for his/her son at the time of the imperial election. The voter of Saxony finds his territory and his electorate. End of the War Seven Year old.

February: Borié revival the colonization of the Banat of Temesvár. The tax exemption given to the colonists is increased to six years. 50 000 people (Lorraine, Alsatian…) will come to settle there between 1764 and 1772.
April 16th: Beginning of the ministry whig of George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (fine in 1765).
April 19th: Alvise IV Mocenigo is elected doge of Venice.
April 23rd: With the the United Kingdom, John Wilkes, journalist and politician, start a violent press campaign against the king and the government. It is stopped the April 30th contrary to the stipulations of the Habeas Corpus, which causes its immediate release.
August 12th: Laws are promulgated in Prussia in favor of the state education. Frederic II of Prussia imposes obligatory teaching for the children from five to thirteen years.
October 5th, Poland: With died of Auguste III of Saxony the dynasty of Saxony is represented only by one child. The election of a new king starts a crisis opposing the most powerful families of tycoons: Czartoryski, constitute the clan pro-Russian, vis-a-vis the “Republican party” which claims old constitution, including/understanding the hetman Branicki, Potocki and Radziwill, hostile with the reforms and in favor of Saxony. Each camp has private armies (Radziwill can align 4000 men). The various parties do not have candidates (Adam Czartoryski refuses the crown, who is offered to his nephew Stanislas Auguste Poniatowski).
December 17th: Beginning of the reign of Frederic-Auguste Ier of Saxony.

Convocation of the Hungarian Diet.
country Agitation against the lords with the Sicules, in Hungary, which protest against the violation of their freedoms (“danger of Mádéfalva”). The movement is violently repressed (January 7th 1764).
Foundation of the Academy of the mines of Banská Štiavnica (Slovakia).

France

October 3rd: Rene Charles de Maupeou, becomes Minister of Justice (fine in 1768).

Rene Nicolas de Maupeou (1714-1792) is named first president of the Parlement of Paris.
the general inspector Bertin proposes a general land register with the Languedocien mode, which would strike the privileged people. It runs up against the unanimous resistance of the Parliaments, in particular in Brittany, which refuse of it the recording in spite of the “beds of justices” repeated. Averdy, a Jansenist, replaces it with the system check the December 14th. Bertin obtains a secretariat of State cut with its measurement in order to cover the economic sector. The end of the war makes it possible to give the heaviness of the taxes and the installation of the land register.

Edicts authorizing and facilitating the clearings.
First ordinance of softening Averdy trade of the grains of province with province in December.
1800 tons of money equivalent of expenditure engaged by the State in 1763.
Choiseul reorganizes the army (new artillery, abolition of the venality of the ranks, creation of a military academy) and the navy (naval construction, creation of arsenals).
the French defeat is due to its apparatus official, political, administrative, military and naval less expensive and less efficient than its rivals, the Great Britain and the Prussia. The relatively soft taxation however allows an easy return towards the economic advancement. The colonial trade begins again in spite of the loss of the India and the Canada, carried by the vitality of Saint-Domingue.

Russia

January: Catherine II returns to the economic college the administration ecclesiastical goods at the request of the peasants.
Mars: Arrest with Rostov of the archbishop Arsene Matseïvitch who had protested against the secularization of the goods of the Church and had called the people with resistance by asking for the recall of Ivan IV of Russia.
April: Bühren is restored duke Courlande with Mitau. Its rival Charles of Saxony is reversed.

August: Catherine allots fields between Tsaritsyne and Astrakan to the community of the Moravian Frères.
September: The Russians invade the Lithuania.

Reconstitution of the staff: handing-over on foot of the regiments, factories of ammunition, arsenals, barracks, roads military.

Creation of a committee of supply in charge of the unification of the currencies and constitution of a cover gold for the paper money.
Of the German colonists is called in Ukraine and on the the Volga.
Foundation of an Old people's home of the found Children.

Arts & cultures

With Seville (Spain), alternate of Joaquín Rodríguez known as “Costillares”, Spanish Matador.
the count of Peñaflorida founds with the Basque Country Spanish the first economic Company of friends of the country. The model, inspired of the French Companies of thought, is taken again and diffused by Campomanes.

the Doge on place Saint-Marc , the Crowning of the doge , etc, fabrics of Francesco Guardi.
Pygmalion and Galatée , sculpture of Falconet.
the French architect Ange Gabriel builds the Petit Trianon in the park of Versailles.

Sciences & technology

November 24th: Theorem of Bayes.
the Astronome French Charles Messier begins his meteorological observations with the Collège de France.
the British Richard Reynolds invents the cast iron rails and shunting for the railroads of mines.
Michel Adanson makes appear his Familles of the Plants which proposes a new method of the classification of the plants.

Economy & company

Europe

Creation of the royal Lottery in Spain.
agrarian Laws of the reformer Bernstorff in favor of the peasants to the Denmark.

America

the Canada account of 60 000 with 80 000 inhabitants of French origin.
the British colonies in America count 1,6 million inhabitants. The colony of New York account 25 000 inhabitants. Boston 20 000 and Charleston 10 000.
170 000 slaves in Virginia, is about half of the population.
the thirteen colonies, which supported Great Britain during the wars of succession of Austria and Seven years, were involved in debt of almost two million books.
Prosperity of the the French Antilles (sugar) after the treated of Paris (fine in 1789).

Births in 1763

January 21st: Augustin Robespierre, conventional lawyer and French († July 28th 1794).
January 26th: Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, future marshal of Empire and king de Suède.
March 6th: Balthazard Claraz, future doctor honorary surgeon of the popes Black and white VII and Gregoire XVI and of the court of Rome.
May 7th: Józef Antoni Poniatowski, general Polish († October 19th 1813)
June 20th: Theobald Wolfe Thunders, nationalist Irish.
June 23rd: Joséphine de Beauharnais, future woman of Napoleon († 1814).
September 18th: Antonio Romero, Spanish Matador († May 5th 1802).

Unknown dates:

William Artaud, British painter († 1823)
September? Phaungkaza Maung Maung, fifth king of the Dynasty Konbaung of Burma († February 14th 1782)

Death in 1763

January 21st: Jean-François Oeben, French cabinetmaker of German origin (° 1720).
February 12th: Pierre Carlet de Chamblain known as Marivaux, playwright and novelist French.
July 11th: Pehr Forsskål, explorer, orientalist and Naturalist Swedish (° 1732).
October 3rd: Auguste III, king of Poland (° October 17th 1696)
November 27th: Isabelle of Parma, woman of the future Joseph II.
November 28th: Naungdawgyi, second king of the Dynasty Konbaung of Burma (° 1734).

Be-X-old: 1763 Map-bms: 1763 Simple: 1763 Zh-yue: 1763 年

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