This page relates to the year 1731 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

• the Canadians (Vérendrye) reach the Lac Winnipeg.

• Exploration of the West of the Canada until the Rock ones by Pierre of Verendrye and his sons (1731 - 1739, 1742 - 1743). Left to discover the sea of the West, forwardings continue business ends (furs). Vérendrye organizes ten stations of draft. The Strong Bourbon order the lower course of the river Saskatchewan.

• the French Company of the Western Indies, incompetent to defend the Louisiana, is reassigned with the royal government.
• Beginning of the construction of the Way of Roy connecting Quebec and Montreal.
• Louisiana: After their defeat, 427 Natchez are sold like slaves and deportees with Saint-Domingue.
• Colonization of the Mato Grosso with the Brazil.

Africa

• Beginning of the reign of Opokou Waré, asantehene of the confederation Ashanti (fine in 1745).

Asia

• the khan of Dzoungarie Galdan Tchereng passes the border Khalkha and beats the Mandchous and Khalkhas which support them. He arrives until Erdenidzu, old the Karakorum.
• a Chinese forwarding against Dzoungar occupies Kobdo but is destroyed two months later.
• Conquest of the Kazakhstan by the Russia (1730 - 1873). Vassalisation in 1731 of the Small Horde then Average Horde.

India

• January 14th: Creation of the Swedish Company of the Eastern Indies.
• August 16th: Joseph François Dupleix settles with Pondichéry. He becomes director of Chandernagor and the remainder until in 1741.

• Treated between the Peshwâ Baji Rao Ier and Nizam-ul-Mulk for the division of the Dekkan.

Europe

• February 26th: François-Léonor Gouyon, lord de Matignon, duke of Valentinois, par of France, husband of Louise Grimaldi, oldest daughter of the prince Antoine Grimaldi, becomes prince de Monaco under the name of Jacques Ier. He is thus the ancestor of the current prince Albert II, which has inter alia titles, that of lord de Matignon.

• March 16th: Second treaty of Vienna, ensuring peace in Europe in agreement with the wishes of Fleury: died of the last duke Farnèse, the succession of Parma being opened, the treaty of Vienna allows the occupation by the Spaniards of Parma, Plaisance and Leghorn. The Great Britain recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction with the help of the final suppression of the Compagnie of Ostend and provided that Marie-Therese does not marry a prince of a large European house.
• the March 20th: Foggia is struck by a violent one Séisme who destroys more of the third of the dwellings.
• July: The Spain recognizes the Pragmatic Sanction.
• August 16th: Legislation of the trade association by the Diet of Empire.
• October 31st: Edict of expulsion of the Lutherans of Salzburg (published the November 11th). Beginning of the “Great emigration” of Salzburg: 22  000 Protestants (1/5° of the population) leave the city for the Prussia-Eastern where they are established as farmers.

• In Sweden, a quarrelsome faction favorable to the France, hostile with the Russia, form the party of the Hats .
• the imperial troops arrive in Corsica at the request of Genoa

France

• July 15th: the Archevêque of Paris affirms, in one mandement, that the miracles of the cemetery Saint M3edard's Day are false.
• August:
• Strike of lawyers of Paris, irritated by one mandement very sharp of the Archbishop of Paris, antijansenist Mgr of Vintimille.
• the Hardouin young lady, paralytic, is cured on the tomb of the Diacre Pâris. She is not the only.
• October 10th: judgment delivered by the Parliament in the Lawsuit Girard-Cadière with Aix-en-Provence.
• November: The Parisian members of Parliament, who exploit politically their hostility with the Unigenitus pile up in fourteen fit with body to go to Marly and to announce their states of heart to Louis XV, which makes them say that it does not have anything to say to them.
• December 18th: Creation by the king of the academic assemblies of surgery.

• Philibert Orry generalizes the use of the Corvée for maintains the Highways Departments. It is applied very unequally according to the provinces.

Russia

• Proclamation of Anna Ivanovna regulating its succession, which it holds for the posterity of her niece, Anna Leopoldovna, future duchess of Brunswick.
• Creation of the secret Chancellery (police force).
• the Kazakh Hordes are placed under the protection of the Russians.
• Suppression of the protectionist tariff.
• Decree charging the nobility with the taking away of capitation.

Art & culture

See also: 1731 with the theater

• the Abbé Prévost publishes his novel the true story of the knight Of Grieux and Manon the Scheldt
• the Life of Marianne , novel (eleven parts until in 1741) and the Meeting of the loves , comedy of Marivaux.
• Stay of Montesquieu in England (1731 - 1733).

• The Art off Playing one the Violin , of Francesco Geminiani.

Science & technology

• December 18th: Creation of the royal Academy of Surgery in France.

• the British John Hadley invents the Sextant.
• John Bevis observes the Nébuleuse Crab.
• New Horse Hoeing Husbandry , of the agronomist Jethro Tull.

Economy & company

• the production of gold to the Brésil is stabilized around 12  000 kg per annum.
• the Compagnie of Ostend is dissolved.
• the French Compagnie of the Indies gives up the monopoly of the American trade, preserving only that of the coffee and the skins of beavers. The free traffic of the ports of the Atlantic (manufactured good) towards the Africa (slaves) then Saint-Domingue (sugar, indigo, coffee, cocoa, then cotton) develops.
• Land register of the Piedmont.

Births in 1731

• February 16th: Marcello Bacciarelli, painter

• October 10th: Henry Cavendish, physicist and British chemist

• William Aiton, British botanist († 1793)

Death in 1731

• January 27th: Bartolomeo Cristofori, manufacturer of the first piano.
• March 3rd: Philibert Lambert, French poet.
• April 26th: Daniel Defoe, writer author of Robinson Crusoé.
• October 14th: Johann Ferdinand Adam von Pernau, Austrian ornithologist (° 1660).
• April 4th: The countess Cornelia Bandi, died of a spontaneous Combustion

Easter Day

• March 25th: Sunday of Easter.
• For other religious holidays, to see Comput.

Be-X-old: 1731 Map-bms: 1731