1717

This page relates to the year 1717 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • Canada: The lieutenant of the Valley sets up a station equipped with a military garrison for the mouth of the Lac Nipigon and a less important establishment for the Lac of the Rain.
  • the Parliament of London makes transportation towards the Nouveau World a legal punishment. Tens of thousands of prisoners will be sent in Virginia, with the Maryland and in the other colonies.

Africa

  • the last Capucins are driven out Congo.

Asia

  • May 17th: The preaching of Christianity is prohibited in China.
  • December 2nd: The Dzoungars of Tsewang Rabdan, nephew of Galdan, seize Lhassa. They are initially seen like liberators, before they plunder and destroy the monasteries not Gelugpa.
  • the seventh Dalai Lama is withdrawn from Dzoungars by his/her father and “takes refuge” with the monastery of Kumbum, in Amdo in the North-East of the Tibet where it is found “protected” by the dynasty from the Qing.

  • a Russian forwarding is pushed back by the Khanat de Khiva.
  • the British obtain an exemption of the customs duties to the Bengal.

Europe

  • January 4th: defensive Alliance of $the Hague between the France, the Great Britain and the United Provinces negotiated between the Abbot Dubois and Stanhope against the Spain. Philippe of Orleans buys “to the regent”, a diamond of a million book with Pitt, leader of the British opposition. The treaty of $the Hague is ratified at the British Parliament.
  • : Treaty of Warsaw imposed by Pierre Large the on the Polish Diet, reduced to silence (“dumb diet”), beginning of the Russian supervision on the Poland. It imposes the merger plans of the Poland and the Saxony, while the Russia stood as guarantor of interior peace.
  • April 1st: Organization with Vienna of the Supreme council of the Netherlands, which will last until in 1757. It is the prince Eugene of Savoy which is named governor and general captain of the Netherlands; but, retained by the campaigns carried out against the Turks, it leaves the capacity to the Savoyard minister Hercules Turinetti, marquis de Prié.
  • May 6th: Visit of the tsar Pierre Ier of Russia in France. A table represents it carrying small the Louis XV in his arms. It remains until the June 18th.
  • June 15th: Sit of Belgrade. The Prince Eugene, taken tortures some between the fortress and the Othoman army of help led by the vizier Halil Pasha, crushes the latter which escapes.
  • June 24th: Creation of the Big room of London by four maconnic brotherhoods unified. Anthony Sayer is elected by it large-Master. The Cabin is stripped of any professional nature.
  • July 19th: undecided naval Battle of Matapan between the combined forces of Venice, the Papal States of Malta and of the Portugal against the Othoman S, with the course Ténare (Gulf of Laconie).
  • August 22nd:
    • Belgrade capitulates and fall to the hands from the Imperial ones.
    • the Spain attacks the Sardinia under pretext that Spaniards were stopped in Italy.
  • 24 - December 25th: catastrophic storm with the Netherlands and the Denmark.

  • Charles XII of Sweden, pushed by its adviser Görtz, raises a new army in order to invade the Norway.
  • governmental Centralization in Savoy: the municipal authorities are restructured.
  • Auguste II of Poland tries with the Diète to limit the anarchy of the government: the capacities of the diétines must be restricted, the confederations prohibited, the army (fixed at 24  000 men) and the treasure entrusted to the central capacity, foreign relations given to the diplomacy of the Saxony, goods of the Crown managed by a college. To support his reforms, Auguste II of Poland must place them under the guarantee of the Tsar. They receive little application and the liberum veto remains in force with the Diet.
  • Menchikov becomes president of the College of the War in Russia.

France

  • February 15th: Villeroy becomes governor of the king Louis XV.
  • February 3rd: Henri François d' Aguesseau becomes Chancelier of France (fine in 1750). Its nomination by the Regent Philippe of Orleans devotes the apogee of the party Jansenist and its sympathizers. D' Aguesseau, the largest French lawyer of the time, sets up a durable legislation concerning the will S, the Fidéicommis, the parochial registers, etc
  • Mars: Dubois reaches to the Council of Regency.
  • May 16th: Voltaire, shown to have written Lampoons against the Regent, is imprisoned with the Bastille (end in April 1718).
  • May: The increased circulation of the tickets causes a major wild devaluation which reaches the holders of the fixed incomes. The abundance of the liquidities pushes involved in debt to refund their loans. Interest rates fall, which reaches the shareholders and the lenders of money. The Parliament of Paris, composed shareholders, is opposed to the Système of Law, while the nobility, strongly involved in debt, benefits from the rise of the farm prices.
  • July 1st: The Regent withdraws by an edict with bastard legitimated Louis XIV the right to succeed the Crown. This act is a triumph for the Parlement of Paris, the dukes and pars and the Maison of Cop. The capacity of the Regent is consolidated by the fall of the Duc of Maine.
  • August: Suppression of the tax of the tenth.
  • August 23rd: Law obtains the retrocession of the privileges of the Company of Louisiana, yielded by the financier Antoine Crozat to discharge a debt with respect to the State.
  • September 6th: Creation of the French Company of Occident, for Colonial purposes.
  • October: By a royal declaration, the Regent tries to lead to a compromise with the faction jansénisante of the Church.

Religion

  • Last to rough-hew for Sorcery in Slovenia.
  • Foundation by the monk Arménie N Mékhithar of a monastery in the Saint-Lazare island, with Venice. It is devoted to the edition of book Armenian and the translation in Armenian of the foreign philosopher's stones.
  • the worship of the virgin develops in Poland, as crowning testifies some to the statue of Czestochowa.
  • September 21st: The Druid Universal Jump (universal fraternity of the druids) more known under the name of Druid Order (C), is created under the impulse of John Toland (Néo-druidisme).

Art & culture

See also: 1717 with the theater

  • Publication of the Memories of the Cardinal of Retz (1613 - 1679).
  • Homère disguised or Iliade as worms burlesques , burlesque parody of Marivaux.
  • Towards in remembering an unhappy woman and the Epistle of Héloïse to Abélard , poems of Alexander Pope.

  • '' the Loading for Cythère '', fabric of Watteau, which becomes member of the Academy of French painting (August 28th).
  • Construction of the royal convent of Mafra to the Portugal, entrusted to the German architect Ludovice (1717 - 1730).
  • July 10th: Beginning of the construction of the Basilica of Superga with Turin.

Science & technology

Economy & company

  • Spain: the Casa of Contratación is transferred from Seville to Cadiz, because the stranding of the river prevents the ships of large tonnage from reaching Seville, in addition depopulated by the Peste.
  • France: To secure British alliance, the regent Philippe of Orleans must sacrifice the navy (its annual budget passes from 22 to 8 million books). In the seaports, the abandonment of the American traffic and British competition with the the Antilles involve bankruptcies in chain.
  • the emperor Charles VI creates with Ostend, with the Austrian Netherlands, a Company of the Indies Eastern in the future dubious, the Compagnie of Ostend.
  • the Great Britain produced 25  000 tons of cast iron (for 100  000 tons in Europe).
  • the bank of Scotland loses the monopoly of emission of the tickets: the freedom of emission of paper money is total in Scotland for a very decentralized system of country-banks.

Russia

  • Pierre Large the reorganizes the administration. He imposes a very heavy taxation and a tyrannical policy.
    • Reform of the government departments: old the prikazes is replaced by 9 (then 12) colleges, managed by a council of 11 members (secret Chancellery, foreign affairs, treasure, justice, war, admiralty…).
    • legal Reform: the voïévodes are deposed their judicial powers. Courses of first and second authority are established in all the provinces, and of the courses of call in the most important cities.
    • Tax reform: the cadastral tax (by fire) is replaced by capitation, the bearing tax on the houses or surfaces cultivated by a tax on the “hearts”.

  • Freedom of the trade of corn. Revocation of a certain number of commercial privileges granted to foreign merchants.

Births in 1717

Death in 1717

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1717 Map-bms: 1717 Simple: 1717 Zh-yue: 1717 年

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