1715

This page relates to the year 1715 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

Africa

  • the French take possession of Maurice, which they rename Isle de France .

Asia

  • the khan of the Oïrat Tchewang Rabden requires that the Manchu empire returns to him the territories oïrates located at the west of the Altaï, occupied by the China since the defeat of Galdan in 1696. Its request is refused, which causes a new war. In 1715, Oïrat destroy the Manchu army which moves towards the Eastern Turkestan and occupy the town of Hami.
  • On opinion of the pontifical legate Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon the Chinese traditional rites is prohibited by Clément XI, in spite of an intervention of the emperor himself.
  • Arrived of the brother Italian Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione at Beijing which becomes one of the favorite painters of the emperor Qing.

The Middle East

  • Russian Embassy in Persian (1715 - 1751), which convinces the tsar of the total disorganization of the country.

Europe

  • February 6th: The last treated of Utrecht between Spain and Portugal.
  • February 7th, Spain: Reference of the French minister Jean Orry, made unpopular by its reform of the administration. The cardinal Giulio Alberoni, born with Parma (1664-1752), becomes minister of Philippe V of Spain (fine in 1719).
  • March 24th: The future Frederic Ier of Sweden wife the princess Ulrique Éléonore, sister of the king Charles XII of Sweden and becomes landgrave of Hesse-Cassel.
  • April 3rd: Treaty of free-Swedish alliance to Versailles.
  • July 28th/August 8th: Danish naval Victoire on Sweden with the Battle of Rügen. Beginning of a series of defeats of Charles XII of Sweden in the Great War of North. To cure its financial problems, it emits a cheap currency which still deteriorates its credit.
  • August 22nd: Franco-Russian commercial treaty. Commercial treaty of Russia with Persia.
  • September: Beginning of rising in Scotland of the Jacobites, in favor of Jacques Edouard Stuart, wire of Jacques II of England and claiming with the thrones of England and Scotland.
    • Riots. The state of siege is proclaimed. The partisans of Stuart arm themselves in the French ports. Lord Stairs, in the name of the Treated of Utrecht, sends to the Havre the admiral Byng with the head of a squadron to require the delivery of the suspect vessels. The regent makes discharge the litigious cargoes and launches ostentatious orders if the Stuart applicant will leave his Lorraine retirement. Georges Ier of Great Britain proposes a treaty of alliance with the regent. This one hesitates. Jacques III Stuart leaves the Lorraine for Scotland via Dunkirk in October. But Jacobites are overcome twice before its unloading, and the applicant is constrained to take again the sea. The whig S massacre nearly a thousand of jacobites. Administrative purification, escape of several tories chiefs in France and political preponderance of the whigs until in 1745.
  • September 18th: With died of Louis XIV, the Spanish minister Guido Alberoni proposes in Great Britain a pact friendship.
  • October 19th: Swedish defeat with Stralsund.
  • November 14th: Rendering of the Jacobites.
  • November 15th: Third treated Barrier with Antwerp between the emperor and the United Provinces.
  • November 26th, Poland: A rebellion of the nobility against the king, the “Confédération of Tarnogród” involves the mediation of the tsar who sending the general G. Dolgoruki and seventeen thousand men.

  • the Denmark is combined with the Hanover.

  • Foundation of the fort of Omsk against the Kazakh .
  • the United Kingdom: The room of the pars includes/understands 160 members (36 bishops), the House of Commons 588 member (English 86%).
  • Reorganization of the Spanish army on the French model (crack corps, artillery, genius, intendance, hierarchy of the ranks). The permanent manpower of the Army reached 80  000 men. The reserve of the militia provincial will be of 30  000 men drawn with the fate and regularly trained in 1730.
  • the College commercial is in charge of the training of the Russian merchants and organizes with their intention of the voyages in Italy and Holland.
  • Generalization of asylums in all the Russian big cities.

Central Europe & Balkans

  • Conquest of the Banat and the Voïvodine by the Austrians on the Turkish, (1715-1718).
  • Taken again Nauplie by the Turkish, on Venice.
  • With the Diet of Hungary, the count Károlyi presents a reform project economic founded on the principles mercantilists: it is a question of founding manufactures of textile and metallurgy, of abolishing the corporations, of introducing into the country of the foreign workmen, of organizing schools and printing works, the whole applied by a council of lieutenancy which would have checked the implementation of it. The project runs up against the resistance of Vienna. The council will be set up in 1724 only with one reduced competence and its achievements will be finally weak.

  • the emperor grants to the Hungarian diet military privileges.

France

  • February 19th: The delegation Persian, afterwards many adventures, goes Paris to Versailles for the royal audience in a sumptuous procession to carry the present of the Shah of Persia Hussein Ier and the letter of the Persan sovereign wrapped in a silk fabric with gold flowers to the King de France Louis XIV, which was shown, appears it disappointed low importance of the present: pearls, turquoises, two small boxes of gold and balsam of mummy.
  • May 23rd: Louis XIV declares that its legitimated sons are compared to princes of blood.
  • August 10th: Louis XIV complains about one pain to the leg. Its doctors think of a sciatica but in fact, it with gangrene.
  • August 13rd: Signature with Versailles of a friendship and Commercial treaty enters the France and the Perse, in particular envisaging the establishment of a consulate of Perse to Marseilles, main port of trade with the East.
  • August 21st: First synod with the Deserted (close to Nimes), joined together by Pasteur Antoine Court. It purges the reformed Churches of the Languedoc and the Dauphiné of their hysteria convulsionnaire and manages “to replant them” in clandestinity.
  • September 1st:
    • Died of Louis XIV. Its great-grandson, the son of the duke of Burgundy, five years old, succeeds to him.
    • Beginning of the reign of Louis XV, king de France (fine in 1774). Louis XV is raised by Madam de Ventadour, the marshal of Villeroy (February 1717) and the future Cardinal of Fleury (April 1716).
  • September 2nd: Reading at the Parliament of the will of Louis XIV. Philippe of Orleans is essential opposite its rival the duke of Maine (wire legitimated of Louis XIV).
  • September 12th: The Parlement of Paris declares Philippe of Orleans regent.
    • Philippe of Orleans, nephew of Louis XIV and first prince of blood, president of the Council of regency by the will of late, makes break the Council of Regency by the Parliament and becomes full regent. He thus removes the capacity with the duke of Maine, wire legitimated of Louis XIV. The Parliament obtains the right of remonstrance n the other hand that it had lost and who allows him to exert a political power on the businesses of the country (September 15th).

      See also: Regency (1715-1723)

  • September: Saint-Simon becomes adviser of the Regent.
  • October 1st: The Régent sets up the Polysynodie, which associates the nobility with the decisions (it will be abandoned in 1718).
    • Philippe of Orleans reacts to the absolutism founded by Louis XIV. He makes release the Jansénistes. He transfers the Court from Versailles in Paris and replaces the ministers of state by the seven Councils made up members of the old nobility and members of Parliament (Polysynodie) subjected to the authority of the Council of regency. Being done it neutralizes the members of the cabals of the old Court (Maine-Maintenon, ex-Monseigneur). Because of the incompetence of their members, the Councils will be removed gradually and the restored secretariats of State.
  • October 4th: Philippe of Orleans starts his regency by addressing a “ Lettre to Mrs the intendans police chiefs separated in the provinces ”, in which he declares that its major concern is the excessive weight of the various taxes and announces its intention to establish a system of imposition righter and more egalitarian.
  • October 20th: François-Léonor Gouyon, lord de Matignon, duke of Valentinois, Even of France, wife Louise Grimaldi, oldest daughter of Antoine Grimaldi, prince de Monaco, with the condition of taking, him and its successors, the name and the weapons of the Grimaldi, those not having a male child able to succeed prince Antoine.
  • December 2nd: Establishment of a Persian consulate of with Marseilles, one of the first foreign consulates in France, entrusted by the Shah of Persia Hussein to Hagopdjan de Deritchan, which will remain in station until in 1728.

Art & culture

See also: 1715 with the theater

  • the Art of touching the harpsichord Couperin (1715-1716).
  • the musician Johan Joseph Fux is named choirmaster by the emperor Charles IV.
  • It Tigrane , opera of Alessandro Scarlatti.

  • June 17th: Charles-Guillaume, margrave de Bade-Durlach makes build a city residence with Karlsruhe.
  • Jupiter and Antiope , Harlequin and Colombine , fabrics of Antoine Watteau.

Science & technology

  • a British merchant establishes with Oporto, John Bearsley, with the idea to incorporate brandy of must in the wines the Top Douro to allow export of it. Later processes of ageing will be tested which will make of this mixture a different product, quickly adopted by the British consumers then European.

Economy & company

  • the French Compagnie of the Eastern Indies introduces the Café with the island Bourbon (Réunion).
  • Population of the News-France: 18  500 colonists.
  • Population of the New England: 434  000 white colonists.
  • Mongolia: From 1715 with 1733,222  000 horses, 25  000 camels, 400  000 oxen, more than one million sheep and 238  000 goats are taken like tribute in the four aïmaks Khalkha S by the Manchu administration .

France

  • Taken again population growth (23,4 million inhabitants in the current borders).
  • 50 million books of national exports (100 in 1720). The industrial product increases by 1% per annum between 1715 and 1745.

  • the committed expenditure of the State between 1715 and 1740 is held around 800 tons of equivalent-money per annum (1  500 or 1  600 tons during the War of succession of Spain).

  • the national debt accumulated during the War of succession of Spain goes up to 3,5 billion books. Manpower of the army are brought back to 200  000 men and one ceases building ships. A room of justice, charged to examine the accounts of the creditors, is installation. The credits in circulation (tickets of case, assignments, etc) are subjected to a control stamp. Interest rates are authoritatively reduced (partial bankruptcy).

Births in 1715

Death in 1715

  • Bhûsana Tripâthi, Hindu poet (1613-1715), taken refuge at the court of the king Marathe Shivaji.
  • Alexandre-Jean Oppenord, French cabinetmaker (1639 -1715).

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1715 Map-bms: 1715 Simple: 1715 Zh-yue: 1715 年

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