1708

This page relates to the year 1708 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Bad harvests with the the United Kingdom (1708-1709). Crisis of subsistence. The price of cereals increases with the autumn.

February 28th: Revolt slaves with New York; 11 dead.
July: Newfoundland: famine in the French colony of Pleasure following the blockade imposed by the British .
August 29th: Ransack free British colony of Haverhill by the - Indian.
December: Newfoundland: In spite of the famine and the maintenance of the British blockade, the French counter-attack by badgering by the ground the British colonies.

June 30th: The négus Takla Haïmanot is assassinated. Théophilos, brother of Iyasou Large the, goes up on the throne and makes punish the assassins of the two princes, making hang the ex-empress Mélékotaouit who had pushed Takla Haïmanot with the murder of her own husband.
July 1st: Beginning of the reign of Théophilos, Négus of Ethiopia (fine in 1711).

Beginning of the reign of Agadja, brother and successor of Akaba, king of Abomey (Dahomey, end in 1732). It seizes the kingdom Allada then of Djakin and Ouidah, which gives him an access to the sea. It comes into contact with Europeans.
the king of Abomey Agadja makes codify the anunugbome , festival of the “habits” which lasts three months during which the delegations of all the provinces are brought together in the capital, Abomey; the kpanligan (herald of the court), of the Ministers and the wives of the king recite the history of the kingdom.

Beginning of the fourth voyage of the British explorer William Dampier in the southern Pacific (fine in 1711).
Voyage of the French Alain Poiré in the Atlantic southern (Falkland Islands) and the peaceful one via the Cape Horn.

October 7th: The chief sikh Gobind Singh is assassinated in India by an Afghan. Sikhs are persecuted by the capacity Moghol. Carried out by Bandaged, it cause a strong insurrection against the Moslems (end in 1716).

Plague in Prussia.
demographic Crisis in Italy.
Bad harvests with the the United Kingdom (1708-1709). Crisis of subsistence. The price of cereals increases with the autumn.
May: France: the vines freeze between the Seine and the Loire.

February 20th: Nicolas Desmarets becomes General inspector of finances in France to replace Michel Chamillart.
August 3rd: The Hungarian insurrectionists, demolishes with Trenčín (Trencsén), close to Presbourg, are driven out of Transylvania by the imperial ones of Siegbert Heister. François II Rákóczi preserves nothing any more but the mountainous part of High-Hungary. The defeat causes the desertion from tens of thousands of soldiers.

War of Comacchio. The imperial ones invade the Papal States.
Revolt in Russia in the area of the Gift (Old Believers, deserters, serfs in escape, Cossacks) under the control of the ataman Conrad Boulavine (1708 - 1710).

Reform of the local government in Russia. The country is divided into 8 (then 11 with the Baltic provinces) governments: Moscow, Saint-Pétersbourg, Kiev, Kazan', Azov, Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Siberia. Themselves are divided into about fifty provinces managed by voïévodes and subdivided in districts directed by police chiefs. The cities receive an administration of the German type borrowed from the laws of Magdeburg.

January 1st: Charles XII of Sweden crosses the Vistula with 44 000 men. Swedish offensive in Russia.
February - July: Charles XII of Sweden takes Grodno then Moguilev.
July 4th: Victoire de Charles XII with Holowczyn. The Russians are rejected out of Poland. Charles XII continues them in Russia, which they devastate with his approach. He threatens Moscow.
July 14th: The hetman of the Cossacks, Ivan Mazeppa, lines up at the sides of the Swedes. The cossacks raise themselves against the Russia.
September 28th: Russian Victoire on the Swedish reinforcements come from Livonie to the Battle of Lesnaya (Lyesna).
October: Charles XII gives up seizing Smolensk and Moscow. He leaves a reserve army and walk towards the south where he seeks to cause the secession of the Ukraine while resting on the Cosaques of Mazeppa.
Proclamation of Pierre Large the, inviting the Ukrainians to elect new a hetman. Part of the cossacks is joined the tsar and elects Ivan Skoropadsky the November 11th.

March 23rd: The French fleet, started from Dunkirk the March 17th, cannot make off unload in the Firth Forth in Scotland the applicant with the throne “Jacques III”.
June 7th: For the second consecutive year, the Spain loses its annual American money fleet, lost following an attack of imperial with Carthagène.
July 5th: Occupation of Ghent and Bruges by the French.
June 30th: The duchy of Mantoue passes under Austrian domination.
July 11th: Victoire of Imperial of Marlborough and the Prince Eugene against the French of Vendôme at the time of the Battle of Audenarde.
July 28th: Beginning of the Head office of Lille. The marshal of Boufflers arrives at Lille.
August 29th: The Royal Navy seizes Cagliari in Sardinia and until in 1714 is based there.
September 29th: The Royal Navy seizes Port-Mahon (where French hold garrison) to Minorque, which is conquered in October (fine in 1738).
October 23rd: Lille is occupied by the allies of the Prince Eugene.
February 1st: The Imperial ones occupy Brussels.
December 9th: After a five month old seat, the citadel of Lille falls to the hands from the Imperial ones.
December 29th: Ghent capitulates and is given to Marlborough the January 2nd 1709.

January 17th: France: Ordinance regarded as the constitutive instrument of the department of health of the French Army. The old loads of doctors and surgeons are transformed into venal offices.

February 20th: The king of France invites the banker Samuel Bernard with Marly.
February: Desmaretz becomes general inspector of finances in France (end in 1715). It follows a policy of deflation or wild revaluation of the book tournaments which carries damage to involved in debt.

Rise of wool industries in France, whose production passed from 670 540 parts in 1668, with 788 000 in 1692 and with 1 009 000 in 1708.
Law prohibiting the constitution of banks of more than six shareholders to protect the Bank of England from competition. It does not prevent the rise of small banking institutions (300 in 1800).

Be-X-old: 1708 Map-bms: 1708

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