1699

This page relates to the year 1699 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

April 20th: Louis-Hector de Callière becomes governor of the News-France.
May 1st: The first permanent French colony in Louisiana is established with Biloxi under the direction of Pierre Moyne, Sieur d' Iberville.
July 6th: The pirate William Kidd is stopped with Boston Massachusetts.

February 16th - May 5th: Embassy of the Morocco (Abdallah Ben Baited) to Versailles. The negotiations do not succeed.
July 21st: The Négus of Ethiopia Iyasou Large the receives with Gondar the embassy of the doctor Charles Poncet, sent by Louis XIV.
November 2nd: Willem Adriaan van der Stel becomes governor of the Colonie of the Cape (fine in 1707).

1147 Europeans live with the Cape, including 402 men, 224 women and 521 children. The men often live in cohabitation with indigenous women and these unions give rise to a relatively important community of Coloured . In spite of this ethnic interbreeding, the White are regarded as a distinct and hegemonic community, obsessed by the safeguarding of the “purity of the race”.

Beginning of the reign of Ntare IV, omugabe (king) of the Ankole (fine in 1727). Ntare IV is called Kiitabanyoro (Killer of Banyoro) to have gained the first notable victory of Ankole over the Bounyoro.

April 13rd: Creation of the Khâlsâ , the chivalrous order of the Sikhs, by the Gurû Gobind Singh.

January 14th: Beginning of the second voyage of the English explorer William Dampier which studies the north-western coast of the Australia (fine in 1701).

January 26th: Treaty of Karlovci (Karlóca or Karlowitz, in Serbia) ratifying the reconquest of the Hungary and the Slavonia by the Austria on the Turks. End of the Second austro-Turkish war. The Ottoman Empire, overcome by the Holy Alliance yields important territories to the Poland (Kaménietz, Podolie and Western Ukraine), to the Russia (Azov) with Venice (Dalmatie, Morée, islands of Egine and Holy-Moor) and to the Habsbourg (Transylvania, Hungary less the Banat of Temesvar, Esclavonie).

Russia obtains Azov but must be satisfied with a two years truce. Oukraïnstev is charged to obtain with Constantinople a final peace.

February 4th: execution of 350 rebels Streltsy with Moscow.
February 6th: Died of the prince-voter Ferdinand-Joseph of Bavaria, heir apparent to the monarchy of Spain. Third treaty of division of the succession of Spain. The division of 1698 is called in question: the archduke Charles, wire junior by Léopold Ier and Eléonore de Neubourg, would have the part of the Spanish kingdom before reserved for Ferdinand-Joseph. For the dolphin Louis, Louis XIV claims with the Italian possessions with possible exchange of the Milanais against the Lorraine, of the Sicily and Naples against the Savoy and Nice. Léopold refuses arrangement, favorable to the France, and relies on the authority of the Pape, which indicates the duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV.
April 1st: The Perpetual Édit sets up a protectionist policy favorable to the development of the industry of the Spanish Netherlands.
August 25th: Beginning of the reign of Frederic IV, king of Denmark and Norway (fine in 1730).
1 {{er}} - November 22nd: Conference of Préobrajensloïé between the tsar of Russia and the envoys of the Poland and the Denmark. Secret alliance against the Sweden.

Dispossession of the Catholic Irish. More than three thousand square kilometers of grounds are given to Protestants. The catholics have nothing any more but one seventh of the ground. They are deposed their civic rights, excluded from the commercial and legal functions. It is to them interdict to have weapons, horses, to teach publicly, to differently acquire ground than by heritage…

April: Disgrace of Fénelon for Quiétisme.
August 10th: the prédicant Romance one, imprisoned, are delivered by the force by a troop of Protestants of Gardonnenque, and are withdrawn in Suisse. It is the end of the period of the prédicants in the Guerre of the camisards.

Louis Phélypeaux becomes Chancelier of France (1699-1714).
Michel de Chamillart (1652-1721) becomes General inspector of finances (1699-1707).

January 20th: The Academy of Science receives its Statuts.
January 28th: Louis XIV names honorary Malebranche Académicien (first holder) with the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris
March 4th: Guillaume Amontons is named raises astronomer (first holder) with the Royale academy of Sciences of Paris (raises of Fèbvre).
December 15th: Reform calendar in Russia. The tsar Pierre Large the changes the date of the Russian new year from September 1st to January 1st. The Calendrier Julien is maintained (- 10 days). The Christian era is substituted for the Byzantine biblical era.

March 12th: The pope condemns 23 articles of the Explanation of the Maxims of the Saints of Fénelon for Quiétisme ( short Cum alias AD apostolatus ).
April: Fénelon is subjected to the decision of the pope in term of obedience but not of repentance.

the Morée, on the poor ground, is depopulated and devastated by the war, in prey with the armed robbery. To prevent the Turkish attacks, it is necessary to build citadels, to maintain the garrisons: Venice cannot support only the financial effort and strongly made there contribute Moréotes. The introduction the Venetian ones into the administration and local justice causes the dissatisfaction with the Greeks.
Russia: Creation of commercial and industrial companies profiting from a monopoly.

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