This page relates to the year 1688 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

  • Canada: Jacques de Noyon arrives until the Lac of the Rain and binds preliminary commercial relations with the Assiniboines.

Africa

  • After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 175 huguenots French join the Boers and found Franschhoek. They import slaves of Angola. Madagascans, Indiens and Malayan are off-set towards the South Africa.
  • the Boer colony of the Cape is then lower than 1000 people. Approximately 400 French huguenots will come to reinforce it.

  • the admiral D' Estrée bombards Algiers.

Asia

  • July 19th: Coup d'etat of Opra Pitracha (Phéthraja) which seizes the throne of Ayutthaya (Siam).
  • August 30th: François Martin, the governor of Pondichéry, missionne his/her son-in-law Andre Torturer-Deslandes, on order of the French Company of the Eastern Indies, to found counters with the Bengal.
  • the khan of the Dzourgars conquers the Mongolia on the Khalkha S (1688 - 1690). Galdan, with the head of 30  000 men, walks against the Touchetou-khan and crushes it in the area of the Lac Ologhoï. Khalkhas must take refuge in the south and beseech the help of the Mandchous. The emperor Kangxi refuses to take party.
  • Arrived at Beijing of the French Jesuit Jean-François Gerbillon.
  • In India, revolt of the Jats of Rajaram, which is killed.

Oceania

  • Mars: The English explorer William Dampier visit the Christmas island
  • William Dampier explores the Australia. He drops anchor on the west coast of Australia. In the hope to find drinking water, it sends two men, armed with mousquets, to seize two Aborigènes, that it describes like the “most miserable beings in the world”.

Europe

  • May 9th:
    • Treated Hermannstadt. The Transylvania becomes an Austrian protectorate.
    • Frederic III becomes voter of Brandebourg (fine in 1713).
  • June 16th, Manresa: Revolt Catalan barretines (1688 - 1689).
  • June: Quarrel of succession to dead of the archbishop-voter of Cologne, Maximilien Henri de Wittelsbach, francophile. Louis XIV tries to make elect one of its agents, the prince de Furtenberg, with the seat of Cologne, which causes the anger of the German princes.
  • July 7th: William Molyneux sends to the Philosophe John Locke a letter in which is formulated for the first time the Problème of Molyneux.
  • September 6th: Maximilien II, voter of Bavaria, takes Belgrade with the Turks.
  • September 24th:
    • Beginning of the third war of Louis XIV (fine in 1697). It is the Guerre of the League of Augsburg, formed in reaction to the aggressive policy of Louis XIV including/understanding the England, the Spain, certain German principalities, the United Provinces and the Sweden, which ends with the Traité of Ryswick.
    • Louis XIV, which intends to carry out a lightning war limited, makes occupy the Palatinat and the area of Cologne.
  • October 26th: Constantin II Brancovan becomes voïévode of Valachie (fine in 1714).
  • November 23rd, Russia: A group of 1500 Orthodoxes Old Believers are immolent in monastery of the Lac Onega besieged by the Tsar.

  • Louis XIV prepares a forwarding against the Papal States.
  • Hungary: Ilona Zrinyi, wife of Imre Thököly then in captivity among Turks, is taken along to Vienna with his/her children after the fall of his castle of Munkács after three years of seat. His/her son Ferenc II Rakóczi is separated from his mother and is raised at the Jésuites under the monitoring of his tutor the archbishop Léopold Kollonich.

British Isles

  • June 21st: Jacques II of England, remarié with an Italian princess, Marie of Modena, has a son, Jacques Edouard, which is baptized by a catholic priest.
  • June 30th: Invitation to William . In front of the risk to see a catholic dynasty remaining, the whig S organize a revolution (“Glorieuse Revolution”) with the assistance of the United Provinces. Seven bishops Anglicans (“the Seven Immortal ones”) call upon the prince protesting Guillaume of Orange (the future Guillaume III), husband of the oldest daughter of Jacques II, Marie.
  • October 27th: Resignation of the minister Robert Spencer, count de Sunderland
  • November 5th: Beginning of the Glorious Revolution. William of Orange unloads with Torbay in the Devon the November 5th, with 600 vessels, 20  000 soldiers and 12  000 horses.
  • December 7th: Beginning of the seat of Derry
  • December 23rd: Jacques II, father-in-law of William of Orange, flees in France
  • December 28th: William of Orange is accommodated with London as a triumphant victor.

  • Revolt of the jacobites, attached to the dynasty of the Stuart, in Scotland (fine in 1691).
  • constitutional Provisions limiting the tax prerogatives of the king. The king has neither an unlimited budget, nor of the command of a standing army: its role is primarily executive.
  • Arrived of Jewish of Holland.
  • Since 1662, in Ireland, the catholics can reach the corporations and enter the army (5000 in 1688 on a total of 16  500 men).

France

  • July: The price of the wheat setier is of 12 Livres tournaments with Paris, minimum history.
  • August 2nd: Avignon and the Comtat is joined together with the kingdom.
  • November 29th: Institution of a Military service. The king obliges his subjects required provincial militia to supplement his troops.

  • the crisis of levels worsens. Thirty-five évêchés are vacant.
  • Taxation of war.

Art & culture

  • Japan: Culture of the era Genroku, artistic apogee of the time of Edo (1688 - 1704). It is particularly brilliant with Osaka where flowered a dynamics commercial and financial middle-class. The theater, the literature, the framework of life evolves/moves. Forsaking the chivalrous epopees and not sharing the tastes of the Bushi , the townsmen like the money, the good life, the stories of love and the sex.

  • Mars: Jean of the Heather publishes the Characters ( Characters of Théophraste, translated from the Greek, with the Characters or Manners of this century , original title of the anonymous work that the Michallet bookseller must reprint three times in the year 1688 to satisfy the passion of the public).

  • Oroonoko , novel with success of Mrs. Aphra Behn, which presents way sympathetic nerve a Black revolted of the Surinam.

  • Bernard Bovier de Fontenelle publishes its Digression on the Old ones and Modern the , in which it defends the Modern ones.
  • History of the variations of the Protestant Churches of Bossuet.
  • Parallel of Old and Modern the of Charles Perrault (1688 - 1697).
  • Acta sanctorum of dom of Achery (1688 - 1701).
  • Glossarium AD scriptores mediæ and infimæ græcitatis Of Cange.
  • Zéphyre and Flore of Jean Jouvenet.
  • Talks on metaphysics and the religion of Malebranche.
  • Refutation of the system of the Malebranche father on nature and the grace , of Fénelon.
  • Dialog on the heroes of novel , Boileau.

See also: 1688 with the theater

Science & technology

Economy & company

  • In France, the merchant fleet passed from 200 to 500 ships and 150  000 with 240  000 barrels between 1660 and 1688.
  • the bank of Stockholm become Banque of State. It receives the privilege to box tickets for all the Sweden.

  • Land register with the Denmark, allowing to increase the tax on land.

  • Of the subscribers starts to meet in the Lloyd' S Coffee House with London, it is the beginning of the modern insurance companies.
  • Taken again movement of the Enclosure S in England.

Births in 1688

Death in 1688

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1688 Map-bms: 1688 Simple: 1688

Random links:Jacques Leclerc (linguist) | San Bonifacio | Andriy Serdinov | François Bourdoncle | Olivier Proulx