1685

This page relates to the year 1685 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • Beginning of the reign of Houessou Akaba, king of Abomey (fine in 1708). The kingdom of Dahomey develops thanks to its administrative organization and warlike (amazones) and with the draft of the slaves. Akaba subjects all the territories of the East.
  • massive Surge of huguenots French in South Africa.

Madagascar

  • Beginning of the reign of Andriamanetriarivo, king Sakalava of the Menabe (v.1685- 1718).
  • Beginning of the reign of Andriamandisoarivo, king of Boina (until worms 1712).
    • the son of Andriandahifotsy, Andriamanetriarivo, drives out his/her two brothers and seizes the capacity.
    • One of his/her brothers, Andriamandisoarivo, moves towards north with its partisans, subjects the Ambongo, then the Antalaotes of Nosy Manja and the Boina, and founds the Boina kingdom with for capital Tongay.

The Maghreb

  • the Tunisia NS release 200 Christian slaves, are committed pouring an allowance and accept the presence of a French consul. They return the counter of the Cape Nègre.

Americas

  • February 18th: Cavelier of the Room bases Fort Saint-Louis on the Baie of Matagorda to the Texas.
  • Mars: Promulgation of the “Black Code” with the the French Antilles, which treats administration of the islands and regulates the statute of the black Esclaves.
  • : Jacques-Rene de Brisay becomes governor of the News-France.

  • Quebec: The sovereign Council loses its right to make payments of “general police force” in the absence of the governor and of the intendant. Jacques Demeulle, intendant of News-France, authorizes putting into circulation of the currency of chart. It will be used until in 1686 and between 1689 and 1714) (Until the 19th century, the coins from of use come from various countries, with the liking of the economic exchanges: coins French, English, Spanish, Mexican, then American. The Canadian coins make their appearance only in the years 1810.

  • French Job creation commercial on banks of the the Mississippi.

  • the culture of the Riz starts in North America.
  • the Juifs are expelled of the Martinique.
  • Foundation of a synagog to the Surinam.

Asia

  • April, India: Beginning of the seat of Bijâpur (taken in September 1686) by Aurangzeb.
  • May - October: French embassy with the Siam of the abbot of Choisy and free-Siamese commercial treaty (December 10th).
  • June 22nd: The Chinese attack strong Russian of Albazin which is set fire to, then rebuilt at once by the Cosaques.

  • the ports of China are opened with the foreign trade. Trade of the The and Porcelaine between the China and the England (Amoy, then Canton).
  • French Scientific expedition sent by Louvois, Seignelay and the Academy of Science in China.
  • the khan Khalkha Kaïdu must flee in Russia with its family to escape the Manchu domination . Russian empire, not wanting a quarrel with the Manchus, the book with the emperor Kangxi who makes it carry out with his children.
  • Aurangzeb seizes Surat.
  • the Jésuites settle with Pondichéry.

Europe

  • February 12th: Peace of Versailles between the France and Genoa which engages with congédier his Spanish garrison.
  • May 7th: The Innocent pope XI limit the exterritoriality from which the embassies in Rome profit.
  • May 15th: Louis XIV receives the excuses of the Doge of Genoa.
  • May: Palatine succession. Died of the Elector Palatine Charles de Simmern. Philippe-Guillaume de Neubourg, father-in-law catholic of the emperor Léopold Ier, succeeds to him, which irritates France, hostile with the Habsbourg. Louis XIV asserts about half of the Palatinat for Liselotte, wife of Mister, duke of Orleans.

  • August 19th: Resumption of Ersékúdjvár in Hungary by the imperial ones of the duke of Lorraine.

  • November 8th: Edict of Potsdam, the Brandebourg accommodates the French huguenots, which contribute to Prussian rise.

Spain

  • Last epidemic of Plague in Spain.
  • Government of the Count d' Oropesa in Spain. The intrigues of palate prevent its action, in spite of real qualities.

British Isles

  • February 6th: Beginning of the reign of Jacques II ( James II ), king of England, Scotland and Ireland (fine in 1688). It is tried by a return to the Catholicisme.
    • Charles II of England converts with Catholicism on its bed of death. Jacques II, duke of York, succeed his brother Charles II. He does not hide his will to restore the Roman religion, which causes a deep dissatisfaction which quickly becomes a movement of revolt.
  • June 20th - July 6th: Insurrections directed by the Duke of Monmouth (wire illegitimate of Charles II) in England and by the count d' Argyll in Scotland, both likely to fail. In front of the risk of civil war, the Parliament votes a massive subsidy allowing Jacques II to establish a permanent large army (1686).
  • July 6th: The Monmouth revolt and of Argyll is repressed by the king with the Bataille of Sedgemoor.

France

  • Mars: promulgation of the black Code by Louis XIV which regulates the slavery of the Blacks in the Antilles, in Louisiana and Guyana.

  • October 18th: Edict of Fontainebleau revoking the Edict of Nantes, signed by the king and the chancellor Michel Tellier. Prohibition of worship to the Protestants who must abjure and to convert with Catholicism. It is to them interdict to leave the kingdom. The pastors are banished. The edict of Fontainebleau inaugurates the compromise between the Church and the State which will last until in 1762 - 1763.

    • More 200  000 Protestants (on 850  000) emigrate towards the England (40 with 50  000), English colonies (10 with 15  000), the United Provinces (50 with 60  000), the Germany (25  000 in Brandebourg) and the Swiss (22  000). The remainder is constrained to convert massively.
  • November: Barbezieux, wire of Louvois, becomes Secretary of State.

Religion

  • the Quiétisme is condemned by the bubble Caoestus Pastor , directed against the Spanish theologist Miguel de Molinos, stopped with Rome, judged by the Inquisition Roman and condemned to the perpetual prison on order of the pope Innocent XI.

Art & culture

  • January 22nd: Antoine Furetière is excluded from the French Academy.
  • Of liturgia gallicana of Mabillon.
  • Reflections on the eight Blisses of Madam de Montpensier.
  • Practical of the religion for the faithful private ones of the saint ministry , published with Geneva.
  • New of the Republic of the Letters , Pierre Bayle.
  • gallant Letters of the Knight of Her , Fontenelle.
  • Idylle for peace , of Jean Root.

See also: 1685 with the theater

Sciences & technology

Economy & company

  • 21,8 million inhabitants in the current borders of the France.

  • Of the French huguenots in exile assembles the first workshops of work of the Soie to London.

Births in 1685

Death in 1685

  • Nusratî, Moslem poet of the Dekkan (v. 1620 -1685).

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1685 Map-bms: 1685 Simple: 1685

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