1661

This page relates to the year 1661 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

• March 16th: Louis XIV load his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert to reorganize the News-France. In the future, the governor will be named by the king. The function of the governor is from now on to see with the foreign relations of the colony and to order the army.

Brazil

• August 10th: Final peace enters the Portugal and the United Provinces: The Dutchmen give up their territorial claim definitively on the coastal territories ranging between the island of Maranhão and the river São Francisco and which they occupied since 1630.

• Repression of the Revolt of Cachaça, with Rio de Janeiro, directed by Jerônimo Barbalho which reproached El Salvador of Its the lifting of new taxes for the maintenance of the garrison. El Salvador, then with Paranaguá, convinces Paulistes not to join the insurrectionists. He manages to seize Rio without blows to férir, benefitting from the arrival of the Portuguese fleet.

• Turbid: the Jésuites are expelled of the Maranhão.

Africa

• the sultan of Oman help Pie and besieges Mombasa (Kenya).
• the French bombard Algiers.
• the Spaniards yield Tangier to the English.
• Beginning of the reign of the Manikongo Antoine Ier of Kongo (fine in 1665).

Asia

• October 8th: The Jesuits Johann Grueber and Albert Dorville, missionaries Austrian and Belgian, are the first two Europeans who visit Lhassa with the Tibet. Prevented from leaving the China by boats, they decide to gain the India while crossing China, and reach Lhassa, where they remain more than two months. They mention for the first time in Europe the Dalai Lama and the Palais of Potala.

China

• February 5th: Beginning of the reign of Kangxi ( K' ang-hsi ), emperor of China (fine in 1722). It controls under the supervision of four regents.
• April 30th: The Chinese pirate Koxinga ( Cheng Ch' eng-kung ) unloads with Taiwan. He seizes the citadel of Zelandai (1662) and the Dutchmen drive out some.

• the China account 104  700  000 inhabitants. This increase in population is due to measurements in favor of the small property to the detriment of the system latifundiaire.

India

• the Moghols seize Cooch Behar.
• the English obtain Bombay following the marriage of Charles II of England with Catherine de Bragance.
• Abandonment of Ceylon by the Portugal with the profit of the Dutchmen.
• Har Kishan becomes the religious leader of the Sikhs (fine in 1664).

The close East

• October 31st: Fazil Ahmet Pasha Köprülü (1635 - 1676) succeeds his father Mehmet at the station of top dog. He invades the Hungary.

Europe

• January 1st: The election of Jean Kemény as voïévode of Transylvania (December 1660) is confirmed by the Diet.
• Othoman Intervention in Transylvania. The emperor, pushed by his minister Portia, sends Montecuccoli to occupy the principality, but its troops are decimated by the dysentery.
• January 10th: By decision of the diet, Danish monarchy becomes hereditary and absolute.
• June 21st: Treaty of Kardis. Permanent peace treaty enters the Sweden and the Russia; the tsar returns to the Sweden the cities Livonie which it occupied.
• June 23rd: Treaty of marriage of Catherine de Bragance, girl of Jean IV of Portugal, with Charles II of England. The transfer of Bombay and Tangier, 300  000 £ and the right for the English to trade freely with the Portuguese colonies constitute the dowry. N the other hand, the Portugal receives the British military aid in the peninsula against the Spain and with the colonies.
• September 14th: The sultan makes elect Michel Apaffy prince of Transylvania, handled by his wife and his chancellor Michel Teleki, true Master of the country until in 1690.

• the Portuguese army, reorganized by the count of Shomberg, delegated Mazarin, to succeed in containing the attacks of the Spaniards (end in 1662).

British Isles

• January 6th: Failure of a movement of the the Fifth Monarchy which tried to take the control of London, repressed by George Monck.
• January 30th: Charles II of England makes unearth the corpse of Oliver Cromwell, the fact of hanging and of decapitating.
• April 23rd: Crowning of Charles II of England to the Abbey of Westminster.

• Act Rescissory imposing of the bishops Anglicans to the Scotland with presbytérienne majority.
• the Parliament grants to the king an annual income of 1,2 million £ and the control of the armed forces by the Militia Act recognizes to him.
• Corporation Act , excluding the nonconformists from the municipal loads (Clarendon code).

France

See also: 1661 in France

• February 28th: Peace of Vincennes. Charles IV of Lorraine recovers its duchies, but yields some territories, as well as a way of one half-league ensuring the connection Metz - Phalsbourg.

• February: Stop of the Council prescribing with all the ecclesiastics the signature of a Form antijansenist. The boarders and postulating them of Port-Royal are expelled (April 23rd). The nuns of Port-Royal agree to sign the form only with the help of one explanatory clause (June 22nd).
• March 9th: With died from Mazarin, Anne of Austria is withdrawn with the Valley-of-Grace. Louis XIV, at 22 years, seizes really the power. He is the most powerful sovereign of Europe.
• March 10th: Louis XIV eliminates from the Conseil from in Top the princes of blood, the prelates and cardinals, the marshals to preserve only some ministers of state sorted on the shutter (Hugues de Lionne with the foreign affairs, Tellier with the war, Nicolas Fouquet, then Colbert with finances).
• April 1st: Marriage of Henriette of England with Mister, brother of the king.
• April 13rd: The Conseil of the king imposes the signature of the form antijansenist on the clergy.
• July: The king binds with Louise of Vallière.
• August 17th: The Superintendent of finances, Nicolas Fouquet, organizes a great festival with its Château of Be worth-the-Viscount, in the presence of the king Louis XIV. This last takes shade of the magnificence and the capacity of its minister, and will make it stop, a few days later, with the assistance of Colbert, which hates it and which denounced its embezzlements.
• September 5th: Arrest of the Superintendent of finances, Nicolas Fouquet, by the captain of the musketeers D' Artagnan with Nantes, on order of the king. Fouquet is consequently imprisoned, until its death, which occurs in 1680. The king thus affirms his intention to control by itself.
• September 15th: Suppression of the superintendence of finances and creation of the royal Council of finances.
• October 10th: The baron de Watteville, ambassador of Spain with London, takes of force precedence of the count d' Estrade, ambassador of France and makes kill the horses of sound fits with body.
• November 15th: The king and Colbert institute the Room of Justice, which will heavily tax the financial marked ones to have formerly recovered with their profit an excessive provende in the monarchical incomes. Partisans of Colbert (Bauyn, Berthelot, Daliès of the Tower, Riquet…) thus carry out a purification with their profit.

Religion

• the first printed Bible in North America is the translation of John Elliot in algonquin.
• Avvakoum, from return to Moscow, is received by the tsar and is placed in one of the monasteries of the the Kremlin.
• Bossuet sermon the Lent of the Carmelite nuns.

Arts & cultures

• Living rooms of Madam of Fayette, the Marchioness of Sanded, Miss de Scudéry.
• Molière has its own theater with the Palais Royal.
• the School of the husbands and the Annoying of Molière.
• Treated poem epic for the intelligence of Enéide of Michel de Marolles.
• the Consolation of the faithful heart , Charles Drelincourt.
• the Large dictionary of Invaluable the of Antoine Baudeau de Somaize.
• Louis XIV writes Mémoires for his/her son .
• Élégie with the nymphs of Be worth , of the Fountain, which takes the defense of Fouquet.
• Pellisson composes for defense of Nicolas Fouquet two Discours with the king and a report entitled summary Considérations on the lawsuit of Mr. Fouquet . Its fidelity in the disgrace of the superintendent is worth to him to be locked up with the Bastille (1661 - 1666).
• With its Majesty, a panegyric on its crowning , of John Dryden.

See also: 1661 with the theater

• Creation of the Opera of London.
• Creation of a royal Academy of dance to Paris.
• Lully is named superintendent of the chamber music.

• Louis Vau begins various work with Versailles.
• the Queen of Persians to the feet of Alexandre , fabric of Charles Le Brun.
• Seen of Delft , fabric of Vermeer.
• the painter of Dutch origin Peter Lely becomes the painter of court of Charles II of England.

Sciences & technology

• Robert Boyle, erudite Irish, defines the chemical elements.

• universal geography of Pierre Duval.

Economy & company

• Mars: Mazarin leaves with its death a fortune of 38,5 million books, including 8,7 in liquid.

• July: The price of the wheat setier reaches 25 pounds with Paris. It was only 15 in July 1660.
• First emission of a Banknote in Europe by the Bank of Stockholm in Sweden.
• Alienation of the goods of the Danish Crown, for 6,3 million rixdalers of 1661 with 1673.
• Amsterdam has 60 refineries of Sucre, which work for export in France and England.
• First mention of Artichoke S in Brittany, cultivated by the bishop of Saint-Pol.-of-Leon.

Births in 1661

• September 2nd: Georg Böhm, Organist and German Harpsichordist.

• November 1st: Louis, dolphin of France (Monseigneur).
• November 1st: Florent Paperboard Dancourt, actor and dramatic author French.
• November 6th: Charles II of Spain, last king d' Espagne of the house of Habsbourg.
• August 4th: Adam Piatek, Polish officer.

Death in 1661

• March 9th: Mazarin, cardinal and statesman French (° in 1602).

• July 25th: Died of Bernard de Nogaret of Valette d' Épernon, general.
• August 6th: The nun Marie Angelica Arnauld de Sainte Madeleine, known as Mother Angelica, reforming of Port-Royal (Paris, 1591-1661).
• August 29th: Louis Couperin, organist and type-setter French.
• August 31st: Jacques Hennequin, French theologist, professor of Theology to the Sorbonne. (° November 7th 1575).
• September 11th: Jan Fyt, Flemish painter (Antwerp, 1611-1661).
• September 29th: Marc-Antoine Girard of Saint-Lover.
• October 31st: Mehmet Köprülü .

Easter Day

• April 17th: Easter Sunday

Be-X-old: 1661 Map-bms: 1661 Simple: 1661

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