1654 in France

This page relates to the year 1654 Gregorian Calendrier.

Chronology of France

1653 in France - 1654 - 1655 in France

January

January 13rd: Died of Jacques the Draper, architect (1580 -1654)

February

Monday February 2nd: Bossuet sermon with Metz vêture of a new catholic .
Sunday February 8th: Died of Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, writer (Angouleme, 1597-1654), “restorer of the French language”.
February 14th: Marriage of the marquis de Bougy with Miss de Callonge.
February 16th: Arrival of prince de Conti with Paris.
February 17th: prince of Conti, which places with the Prudhomme bather during the four days which precede its marriage, carries out Cosnac at the queen. First interview of Miss Martinozzi and Cosnac. Very cold.
February 21st: 6:00 of the evening, engagement of Conti to Miss Martinozzi. The evening ball.
February 22nd: Marriage of prince de Conti with Miss Anne-Marie Martinozzi by the archbishop of Bourges, Anne de Lévis de Ventadour. One plays Cid with the supper. Then ball. Four days of ceremonies. Anne Marie Martinozzi, with the prince de Conti. This ceremony is a reciprocal pledge of honesty between prince de Conti and the cardinal , after the disorders of the Fronde.

the Spaniards make stop the duke of Lorraine. An important actor of the Fronde dodges himself.

March

Friday March 20th: Reply to the Letter of a person of condition, concerning the codes of conduct of the Saints Fathers in the composition of their works for the defense of the fought truths and calumniated innocence, of Antoine Arnauld, Large Arnauld.
March 21st:

At 4 hours and half of the morning, the archbishop of Paris dies. At 5 a.m., the chapter is assembled. Retz did not lend oath, if it does not do it promptly the archbishop's palace is put in Régale. An apostolic notary, disguised as a boy tapestry maker, penetrates with the castle of Vincennes and makes sign with Retz a procuration given to a priest, Pierre Labeur, so that this last can take on its behalf possession of the archbishop's palace. Pierre Labor, introduced, lends oath and takes possession of the cathedral in the name of Retz.
the Théologal proclaims the name of the new archbishop top of the Jubé. At 10 a.m., the , Secretary of State Tellier, arrives in his turn. He wants to mean in the chapter that, Retz not having lent the oath of required fidelity, the seat is regarded as vacant and the diocese put in Régale. Learning what has just occurred, it can only be withdrawn. Free and archers occupy the archbishop's palace. The same evening, unfruitful step of the chapter in Louvre in favor of Retz.
the king followed dukes of Guise, Merry, Épernon, of Candale, marshals of Gramont, Plessis-Praslin, the archbishop of Rheims (Henri de Bourbon, is wire naturalness of Henri IV and the duchess of Verneuil which is not crowned) and of the bishop of Beauvais (Nicolas Choart de Buzenval) to order that Condé is judged by defect.
Bossuet pronounces the the First Panegyric of saint Benoît .

March 27th: A stop of the prohibited Council to recognize the authority of the canons Knight and Lavocat, general vicars appointed by Retz to manage the diocese.
March 28th:

In the presence of the king and of the pars of France, the rooms of the Parliament assembled condemn the Prince of Condé which is deposed name of Bourbon to the capital punishment for high treason. Violate, Lenet, of Persan, Marsin are convinced of lese-majesties and félonie and are condemned to have the distinct head. While waiting, they are carried out in effigy, place of Strike. Lenet, secretly in Paris, found that its effigy was too not resembling.
Cut down by fifteen months of detention and discouraged by the persistent hostility of the royal capacity to its regard, Retz sign its resignation of archbishop of Paris and gives it between the hands of first president Pomponne de Bellièvre. It will reside at the castle of Nantes, under the monitoring of the marshal of Meilleraie, while waiting for the confirmation of its successor by the pope. There it will then be released, will be withdrawn with Rome and will receive the incomes of seven abbeys to be able to live according to its row. It takes again its resignation as of its arrival in Italy.

March 30th:

After having signed its resignation of archbishop, Retz is transferred to Nantes under good guard.
Retz leaves Vincennes under good escort to go to Nantes. It gives to Meilleraie its word not to escape. According to him, this promise was valid only for the duration of the voyage. For Meilleraie the promise covered the totality of the stay in Nantes.
Fouquet sign the act of purchase to Mrs. de Beauvais of her property of Saint-Mandé. Fouquet will remain only three years there, of 1655 to 1658.

the archbishop of Paris falls seriously sick. The friends of the Coadjuteur take their measurements in order to ensure the succession of his/her uncle to him.
In March (in the Notre Dame of March), To salt (" a brave man and honest boy that I connois, a long time ago "), sent by Cop, to inform Miss that it is not for nothing in the arrest the Charles IV Lorraine|duke of Lorraine]]. He remains with Saint-Fargeau.

April

Wednesday the 1st er April: Miss leaves for Blois and stops with Orleans.
April 2nd: To salt envoy of Cop joined Miss with Orleans.
April 3rd: Miss maintains Mister with Orleans a message which Saler is carrying. Mister does not want initially to open the message, then resigns themselves to it, but absolutely refuses to receive Saler.
April 4th: Arrival of the duke of Damville with Orleans.
April 5th: Damville honestly returns account to Miss of the bad intentions with which Mister charges it.
April 7th: With hunting Miss makes include/understand with Mister which it is not easily deceived only he informs the court of his relationship with Condé.

Spring: Address with the famous Parisian Academy of Treated mathematics and balance of liquors and gravity of the mass of the air of Pascal.
April-July: In Nantes, Retz has an apartment in the castle, uses the services of many a personnel, can walk on the ramparts and receive visits. But the pope Innocent X refuses to ratify his resignation of the archbishop's palace of Paris. Mazarin, persuaded that the resistance of the pope can be explained only by the intrigues of the agents of Retz, with Rome, Charrier the abbot, known as Charrier the Devil , and Malclerc, considers the transfer of the prisoner to Brest or Brouage. The friends of Retz advise to him to escape. Its secretary, Guy Jolly, imagines the scenario of the escape.
Fouquet buys the seigniory of Mill-New with Lézigné close to Durtal for, known as Petitfils, " to wash commoner's condition of the merchants of Angers ".

May

May: Died of Claude of Estoile, poet (1597 -1654).
Saturday May 30th: The court starts from Paris for Rheims.

June

Friday June 5th: Death of Charles of Froze of Lebreton, bishop, since 1623, and count of Valence and Die. It this is évêché which Cosnac covets and which it obtains so magistralement Mazarin via its niece.
June 6th: Abdication of Christine of Sweden, future corresponding of Mrs. de Choisy. After having crossed the Denmark, Hamburg, Münster, the Holland, it remained with Antwerp, Brussels, then with Rome. It went in France in 1656, and entered the port of Marseilles on July 29th. The duke of Own way, sent to his meeting, united it with Lyon.

June 7th: Crown Louis XIV with Rheims. Gaston refuses to assist to with it.
June 8th: Cosnac learns, by a mail with 6:00 of the morning the vacancy of évêché of Valence. He claims it via the princess of Conti, which he woke up as of 6:00, with Mazarin, which offers Saint-Flour to him, the seat is not vacant but the bishop resident finds the air mauvias. Refusal of Cosnac.
June 9th: The following day, in front of the insistence of Cosnac, Mazarin yields and agrees to give him Valence.
June 10th: Died of the Algarde, sculptor and Italian architect.
June 21st:

Midsummer's Day (day of the Nativité of Saint Jean-Baptiste), Cosnac sermon with the church of Tiny with Rethel (where is the court) in front of the king, to show that one gives one évêché to the merit. Mazarin gives its patent to him: " the king makes you Marshal of France on the brèche."
Jean-Dominique Ithier Cordelier monk, friend of Cosnac, which has escaped little with a death sentence in Bordeaux one year earlier is bishop of Glandèves.

June 22nd: Cosnac turns over to Paris to deal with the forwarding of the bubbles, the court leaves towards Sedan at midnight because of heats.
June 24th: Cosnac receives its patent of bishop of Valence.
June 28th: Beginning of the seat of Stenay by Fabert. Cosnac is of return of Paris.

July

Sunday July 5th: Died of Marie d' Ormesson, maternal aunt of Madam de Sévigné.
July 9th: Died of Ferdinand, '' king of the Romans ''. He was wire of the emperor Ferdinand III and Marie-Anne, girl of Philippe III, king d' Espagne, and sister of Anne of Austria.
July 22nd: Cosnac is named by letters patent adviser of the king in his Councils.

July-August: Treated arithmetic triangle of Pascal and correspondence of this one with Fermat on the “ rule of the parties ”.

August

Thursday August 6th: Catch of Stenay in the presence of Louis XIV.
August 8th: Shortly after 5 hours of the afternoon, Retz succeeds in fleeing of the castle of Nantes. While its servants make drink the guards, it enfourche a swing bar of fits with body fixed at a cord and is reduced along the wall. Accomplices await it, who make it ride a horse and involve it. But it makes a fall and breaks the shoulder. Around 7 a.m., it crosses the the Loire close to Oudon. II master key the night slept in a haystack, then hidden in a barn.
August 9th: Retz arrives at Beaupréau, duchy brought by his/her cousin, in her cousin by alliance, the duke of Brissac. II dictates there three letters, one revoking its resignation of archbishop of Paris, the two others in the chapter of Notre-Dame and the priests of the capital. He affirms that its resignation of archbishop was extorted to him by the force.
August 11th: Escorted by the faithful ones of the duke of Brissac and by those of his older brother Pierre de Gondi, duke of Retz, it arrives at Machecoul, where it is badly received by the old duke of Retz, the chief of the elder branch, which fears the reprisals of Meilleraie. (There were two dukes of Retz of 1633 to 1659: Henri de Gondi (1590-1659), cousin of the cardinal, and Pierre de Gondi (1602-1676), his older brother. Indeed, by special privilege, the chief of each of the two branches of the house of Gondi could carry the ducal title.)
August 13rd: Return of the court towards Fibula after being gone to attend the catch of Stenay.
August 14th: With Fibula, Mazarin learns the escape from Retz and enters a violent anger, while in Paris the chapter of Notre-Dame is pleased with the event. Cosnac is surprised anger of Mazarin. It was indeed conversing with him when the news arrived.
Night of the 14 to the August 15th: Retz, accompanied by about thirty faithful, embarks on a launch, to the mouth of Falleron and will wet with the Croisic. It succeeds in embarking for the Spain. The chapter of Notre-Dame will make, shamelessly, sing a Te Deum .
August 15th: The remainder of the court arrives at Péronne.
August 17th: Around 11 hours of the morning, Retz approaches with Belle-Ile, stronghold of its family. Island which will be also the stronghold of another outlaw, Fouquet. During this time, the soldiers of Meilleraie occupy Machecoul, the ground of the older brother of the fugitive one.
August 22nd: Stop of the Council declaring vacant the archbishop's palace of Paris and ordering in the chapter to appoint four new general vicars (the canons will be carried out the August 28th). Exile of the father of Retz in Auvergne.
August 25th: The seat of Arras by the assisted Spaniards of Condé is raised, the king of France concentrated all its troops there (Marshals of Ferté, Turenne, of Hocquincourt) to help the fortress. It is the strong moment of this countryside. Turenne beat the Spaniards and Condé which besieged the city.
August 27th: Bossuet is named large-archdeacon of the chapter of Metz.
August 28th: The canons of Paris, attaches with Retz, carry out the royal order and appoint four new general vicars.

Fouquet buys the ground and the seigniory of Mill-New to validate the myth of a noble origin.

September

September 9th: Retz leaves Belle Island, with four companions, in a boat of fishermen.
September 12th: Retz, which left Belle-Ile, unloads in Saint-Sebastien and informs the baron de Vatteville, governor of Guipûzcoa, its arrival. Vatteville informs the government of Madrid at once.

Retz passes half of September to Saint-Sebastien. He looks after his shoulder, refuses to go to Madrid or to join Condé with the Spanish Netherlands. He asks for only the authorization of cross the Spain to go to Rome.

September 18th: Mazarin is informed stay of Retz in Spain.
September 21st: Mazarin orders with the Parlement to make the lawsuit of Retz.
September 27th: Died of the knight of Own way, of the continuations of the wound, about which Miss speaks: " Mr. de Joyeuse was wounded on an occasion, two days before the attack of the lines of Arras, with the arm, which it had broken. It servoit with its load of colonel of the cavalry, that it avoit have by the death of his/her father-in-law. One brought it to Paris, where it was a long time sick, and died on the end of September in 1654. ". Louis of Lorraine, which became became duke of Merry. On Louis of Lorraine, duke of Own way (January 11th, 1622 - September 27th, 1654), Mazarin: “It is light and able to be thrown wrongly and through in all bad deal. ” He had married Marie de Valois, only daughter and heiress of Louis-Emmanuel, duke of Angouleme.
September 29th: Against the distinction of the right and fact, formulated by Antoine Arnauld, a brief of Innocent X confirms that he condemned the five proposals as being in the Augustinus and with the direction given by Jansenius.

October

Thursday the 1st er October:

Pascal settles street of the Franc-Middle-class man-Saint-Michel (today 54 of the street Mister-the-Prince); it will be its last residence.
Retz gets under way in a litter offered by the king of Spain. He passes by Tolosa, Pampelune, Tudela (where there remains blocked three days by a riot), Saragossa (where he visits Notre-Dame del Pilar).

October 14th: Retz arrives at Vinaroz, port located at the south of the mouth of the Ebre. It embarks on a galère of the Spanish squadron of Naples and installs around six hours of the evening.

Miss with Blois.

November

Sunday the 1st er November: All Saints' day. Mister, with his practice, remains with Orleans.
November 3rd: After having crossed the Western Mediterranean, by Palma, Port-Mahon, the strait of Bonifacio and the isle of Elba, Retz unloads with Piombino. Received by the large-duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II, it goes to Florence and His before taking the way of Rome.
November 9th: The princess of Conti makes a fall of horse, which delays its departure with Cosnac to join the Catalogne, departure envisaged the 12.
November 17th: Glorious death of the marquis of Plessis-Suspension brace in Italy. He was the husband of Suzanne de Bruc, faithful friend of Fouquet and '' Précieuse ''.
23 - November 24th: Harms of fire of Pascal in the house of Patris which rents its house close to the palate of Orleans, between the St-Germain doors of the Meadows and Saint Michel on the ditch of enclosure. Memorial of Pascal “ Since approximately ten hours and half of the evening jusques approximately midnight and half ”, true dialog of Pascal with God. “ Lapse of memory of the world and all, except God. It is only by the ways taught by the Évangile. ” Night of the memorial which marks the “second conversion ” of Pascal.
November 28th: Retz arrives at Rome and settles in his/her friend the Charrier abbot. The following day, the pope Innocent X gives him audience, ensures it of its protection and grants to him what to live. But the cardinals of the faction of France testify their hostility to him.
November 30th: Departure of the princess of Conti and Cosnac for the Catalonia where they must join the prince. This departure had been differed from the 12, following a fall of horse of the princess. They join it with Remoulins.

December

Wednesday December 2nd: Innocent X puts on again to Retz the cardinal hat of .
December 4th: The Academy of painting and sculpture receives the right to be entitled royal Académie.
December 5th: Died of Louis II of Rochefoucauld, bishop of Lectoure, brother of François.
December 12th: In a letter which enumerates the cabals and the political crimes of Retz, Louis XIV request with the pope to inform the lawsuit of the factious cardinal.
December 14th: Retz response by a circular letter with the cardinals, archbishops and bishops of France, gone back to Paris and spread in all the kingdom. In this letter, about which he does not speak in the Mémoires , he protests against the treatment which was inflicted to him and he puts in charge the royal capacity. Eloquent and impassioned, its text deeply wounded Louis XIV and Mazarin which made it condemn to be flaring (it is obviously about the text) by the hand of the torturer. Once more, Retz went too far and succeeded in only worsening its case.
December 15th: Died, with Pézenas, of Jean-François Sarasin, writer and close to the prince of Conti. According to Cosnac, it is plausible that it was poisoned by a jealous husband.
December 16th: Conti, which is not very affected by this death, names at once, one protected at the time of Cosnac, Guilleragues, with the load of secretary of its commands.
December 24th:

has Brussels, Christine of Sweden makes profession of Catholicism.
Separation of the functions between Abel Servien (which only deals with the expenditure) and Fouquet (which deals exclusively with the receipts).

the year 1654 in the world
Chronology of France under Louis XIV (1643-1715)

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