1603

This page relates to the year 1603 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

Africa

  • With died of Ahmed Al-Mansur, the dark Morocco in anarchy (1603 - 1666). Its three sons dispute the capacity. Moulay Zidan is able to be maintained with Marrakech (fine in 1628), but cannot conquer the kingdom of Fès, where reign his/her brother Abou Faris until in 1610, then his/her other brother El-Mahmoun. This situation makes the play of the Arab tribes Berbères and and of the Spaniards.
  • Morocco is parcelled out. It is at that time that is formed the republic corsair of Salé (“republic of Bou Regreg”). The Zaouïas take again in hand the country. Those of Dila (Average Atlas) and that of It (Under) dominate and fight for the control of the Saharan “ports”.
  • Moulay Zidan still sends some reinforcements to the Western Sudan and names several pashas until in 1618.

Asia

  • August, India: The historian Abu-l Fazl is assassinated on the order of Salim, wire revolted of Akbar.

  • Beginning of the reign of Arab Muhammad, khan chaybanide of Khiva in the Khârezm (fine in 1623). It gives up its capital Urgendj for Khiva. It pushes back the Kalmouks and destroyed a Russian column.
  • Makassar, in the south-west of Célèbes converted to the Islam.

Japan

  • March 24th:
    • Ieyasu Tokugawa becomes Shōgun (fine in 1616). It establishes with Edo, future Tōkyō, the center of its domination by building an immense fortress there, while progressively entrusting the administration of the areas submitted to the rejoined lords, the “Daimyō”. Those remain however narrowly supervised, their controlled alliances and their marriages and themselves held to build in Edo of the residences where they remain six months per annum.
    • Beginning of the period “of Tokugawa” or Period Edo (fine in 1867). The Tokugawa will control as a Shogun until in 1867

  • Edo is connected to Kyōto and the remainder of the Japan by an highway network ( gokaidō ) equipped with a control system of the rigorous travellers in order to prevent any introduction of firearms to Edo like the uncontrolled divagation of the women.
  • the port of Nagasaki is shogounal field.
  • Ieyasu grants the hand of its grand-daughter to overcome Sekigahara, Hideyori, wire of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

The Middle East

  • Revolts in the Ottoman Empire. Military risings. The Janissaire S obtain the right to marry and settle in the garrison life, especially with Constantinople. The Turks obtain the authorization to be useful among the janissaries, formerly made up exclusively of Christian slaves. The body of the janissaries becomes a Praetorian guard and referee the dynastic competitions.

    • to try to assure their capacity, the Othoman sultans frequently change the viziers, the advisers, the military chiefs and the members of the important administration. It results from it that the administrators endeavor to carry out fast fortunes by all the means. The personnel subordinate, less supervised, hastens to imitate them. Submitted people, pressed by the civils servant, raise themselves against the Turks, in particular the Druzes.

  • Reprise again war enters the Perse and the Othoman (fine in 1619). Shah Abbas Ier Large the seizes Tabriz thanks to his artillery then reconquers in a few years the Azerbaïdjan, the Georgia and the Mésopotamie with Baghdad on the Othomans.

    • Chah Abbas conquers on the Turks the Armenian province of Aïrarat. Pushed back by an attack of the Othomans, it takes along in his retirement 50  000 Armenian which lived it. On arrival in Persia, half perished of exhaustion or drowned at the time of the passage of the Araxe. The survivors found a city, the Nouvelle Djoulfa, where they become prosperous (1606).

Europe

  • Cold and cold generalized in Spain during the winter 1602 -1603. Frozen of olive-trees in Provence. The the Rhone is cold.
  • exceptionally hot Year in Germany of the South. Series of abundant grape harvest and good quality in the Rhenish vineyard (1603 - 1622).

  • In Poland an young man is made pass for the tsarévitch Dimitri, assassinated in 1591.
  • Treated Davos between Venice and the three leagues of Rhétie. Political alliance with the Grisons makes it possible Venice to seize, for the benefit of Bergamo, part of the alpine traffic in direction of the Milanais by the lately completed road of Morbegno to Chiavenna.
  • the canton of the Grisons calls the king of France against the Spaniards.

British Isles

  • Plague with London. 36  000 victims.

  • March 30th: Final conquest of the Ireland; Hugh O' Neill, overcome by the armies of Mountjoy in Kinsale (1601), is subjected and exiled (May). The defeat causes the escape on the continent of noble which took part in the war ( Flight off the Earls ). The division of the country in counties is final. Jacques Ier returns the Jésuites and the priests of the seminars, but leaves in place the clergy and authorizes to celebrate the mass. He encourages colonization by English of religion Anglican.
  • April 12th: Jacques Ier made of the Union Jack the royal flag and grants to the English and to the Scot born after 1603, the postnati , a common citizenship.
  • April 25th: Mountjoy becomes Lord deputy of Ireland.
  • June: Travel in England of Don Juan de Tassis, count de Villamediana, to negotiate peace between the Spain and England.
  • 17 or July 18th: Walter Raleigh, shown to have taken part in a plot in favor of Annabella Stuart, is disgraced and imprisoned with the Tour of London until in 1616.
  • July 25th: Jacques Ier, wire of Marie Stuart and Lord Darnley, king d' Écosse, only legitimate heir, is crowned with Westminster king of Great Britain (fine in 1625). Knowing little manners and the habits of England, he collaborates badly with the elites, and becomes unpopular by his authoritarianism.

  • Mission of B.C. Scaramelli which restores the connections of Venice with England.

France

  • January: Creation of office of elected officials in Guyenne.
  • January March: Travel of the king in Lorraine where it chooses a governor.
  • August 9th: Embassy of Sully in England where it negotiates the Traité Hampton Court.
  • September 3rd: Edict of Rouen. The king Henri IV authorizes the Jésuites to be returned in France.

  • Sully becomes voyer particular of Paris.

Religion

  • Gomar, professor of theology to Leyde, in favor of predestination, is opposed to the theses Arminius on the Grâce.

Art & culture

See also: 1603 with the theater, 1603 in literature

  • Caravage is imprisoned and driven out of Rome to have defamed a famous art critic and to be itself made guilty of brawls and scandals.
  • Notre-Dame de Lorette , of Caravage (1603 - 1605).

Science & technology

  • August 17th: Foundation with Rome of the first Learned society of the world, the Accademia dei Lincei (which can result in Académie of the Lynxes) by the prince Federico Cesi, Francesco Stelluti and Johannes de Filiis. They choose a white lynx like emblem and the maxim: Sagacius ista .

Economy & company

  • the deficit of the budget of the British State passes from 430  000 £ in 1603 with 900  000 £ in 1620.

  • In Ireland, under the impulse of London and of the London trades, Derry becomes Londonderry and the towns of Draperstown and Salterstown develop. The English colonists of the established Church ( established Church ), farmers, live in stone-built houses organized militarily around a deposit of weapons. They replace or are added the gaelic catholics, pastors, who live in huts of straw and boards and are organized around a chief of clan.

Births in 1603

Death in 1603

Easter Day

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Be-X-old: 1603 Map-bms: 1603 Simple: 1603

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