1579

This page relates to the year 1579 Calendrier Julien.

Events

June 17th: The English explorer Francis Drake discovers bay of San Francisco, in California.
At the request of Philippe II of Spain which wants “to buckle” the Magellan Strait to the English ships, the cosmographer Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa explores the Western coasts of the Patagonie then the interior of the strait. Started from Callao the October 11th, it arrives in Spain at the month of August of the following year.

With the Brazil, the bishop of El Salvador is invested inquisitorial capacities .
150 000 white live in the Spanish colonies of America.
280 000 Portuguese emigrants with the Brazil since 1500.

Arrived of Francis Drake at Ternate (Moluques).
Beginning of the reign of Abd Allah Ibn Iskandar, khan chaybanide of the Uzbek .

Tender of the province of Iga, sheltering many clans Ninja, by the troops of Oda Nobunaga; many families are decimated, the survivors will take refuge at others Daimyō close, of which Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Oda Nobunaga receives from the Portuguese in his castle of Azuchi.
Oda Nobunaga request with Tokugawa Ieyasu to make carry out its wife (girl of vassal of the Imagawa) and to force with the suicide the son whom it had had of a first marriage.

Akbar proclaims its infallibility. He asserts the dignity of Caliph. He puts an end to the Jiziya and widens the discussions with the Hindus, Jaïns, Zoroastriens, etc works sanscrites are systematically translated into Persan. The term used to describe this tolerant religious policy ( sulh-i mulk , “perfect conciliation”), translated attraction that the Soufisme exerts on the emperor.
a counter of Dutch trade is opened with the Bengal, in India.
Portuguese Establishment with the Bengal.

January: Separation of the Netherlands between the Union of Arras in the south and the Union of Utrecht in north.

January 6th: Union of Arras. Alexandre Farnèse joins together with the Spain the southernmost provinces of the Netherlands which want to maintain the Catholic religion: the Artois, the County of Hainaut, the Cambrésis and the Romance Flanders (except for the Tournaisis).
January 23rd: The Union of Utrecht joins together by reaction the Protestant provinces (Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, Gueldre, Overijssel, Frise, Groningue) on the basis of freedom of the worships. They escape Spain and are at the origin of the United Provinces.

March 12th July 1st: Alexandre Farnèse besieges and takes Maastricht.
July: The king of Poland Etienne Bathory, declares the war with the Russia. He besieges Polotsk (August), and Ivan IV must take refuge with Pskov and try to negotiate.
July 16th: Return of FitzMaurice in Ireland with 900 Spanish soldiers.

FitzMaurice, Irish Norman prince revolted is killed by the English (battles of Smerwick). Elisabeth I {{Re}} of England confiscates 200 000 ha in Ireland, establish allotments and distribute batches belonging to the Church Anglican. A Protestant university is created with Dublin ( Trinity College ), Ireland is divided into counties and the English laws are generalized.

July 28th: The secretary of the king of Spain Antonio Pérez is imprisoned, to have undoubtedly led the king to support the assassination of the secretary of Don Juan of Austria, Juan de Escobedo (March 31st 1578), wrongfully shown various fixed prices.
Construction of the fortress of Spinalonga (Kalydon), in Crete, by the Venetian .

October 24th: Guillaume becomes duke of Bavaria (fine in 1597).
the archduke Charles issues the banishment of the preachers Lutherans of the county of Gorizia in Styrie. It signs an agreement with the archduke of Bavaria, ultra-catholic.
Melchior Khlesl is named official of the bishop of Passau. It takes the direction of the Counter-Reformation in Low-Austria or it restores the episcopal authority.

February 28th: Treaty of Nérac between Catherine de Médicis and Henri de Navarre, less favorable to the huguenots than the Peace of Mister. The Protestants obtain fifteen places of safety for six months. Six months later, they refuse to return them. The war bursts.
May 6th: Henri de Damville (1534 - 1614) becomes duke of Montmorency.
May: Ordinance of Blois.
August: Beginning of the War of in love.
August 17th: Catch of Cambric by Mister.
September: Believed of the Isere in Grenoble.
November 29th: The prince de Condé takes Fère.

the absolutism is condemned by Mornay of Plessis, lord Huguenot.
the Carnival of Romance (Dauphine), mixes the folk rites with the confrontations mortals between social groups, in the urban framework and the country environment (1579 - 1580).

the religion of the orthodoxe Roumanians of Transylvania is tolerated by Etienne Bathory.
Fausto Socino, which denies the Trinité and the Incarnation, is established in Poland.
Life of the saints , the Polish preacher Piotr Skarga (1536-1612), republished 10 times of alive sound.
Translation of the Czech Bible in (Bible of Kralica, 1579-1599).

the poet Edmund Spenser enters to London to the service of the courtier Robert Dudley, count of Leicester, and becomes acquainted with the poet to sir Philip Sidney, to which it dedicates its first great poem, the Calendrier of the shepherd ( The Shepheardes Calendar ).
Euphues or Anatomy of the spirit, allegorical novel of John Lyly.
Fire of the Palate of the Doges. Many tables, in particular of Gentile Bellini, are destroyed.
the poet the Cup is interned at the hospital Holy-Anne where there remain seven years.

François Viète develops the calculation of the decimal fractions in the Canon of mathematics .

Speech of Estats & Offices as well of the government as of the police force and finances of France , of Charles Figon, which presents a Arbre of Estats & Offices of France , true flow chart of the apparatus of State.
Italy: Creation of the fairs of Pleasure.
Philippe II of Spain prohibits the Iberian ports with the United Provinces. Several companies are created to go to supply itself out of spices in India.
Japan: Oda Nobunaga and its successor Hideyoshi supports the trade with the Westerners, Portuguese and Spaniards. In exchange of Japanese products and ingots of money whose they encourage the production, or of the authorization to preach the Christian religion, they make come various richnesses and in particular of the gold come from India, of South Asia of Is or America by Philippines. Japanese, allowed to present itself in China, which is prohibited to the Westerners, acts as intermediaries.

Antun Dalmatin, Slovenien theologist protesting, translator of the Croatian bible in

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