1572

This page relates to the year 1572 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Americas

  • March 2nd: Died of the governor of the Brazil Mem de Sá. The king of Portugal, for better defending the country against the French corsairs, divides it into two governments, that of North (capital Bahia) and that of the South (in the south of Oporto Seguro), depending directly on Lisbon (1572 - 1578).

  • Four sailors of Oxenham are burned by the Inquisition with Lima.

  • Of the Jésuites is sent to the New World.

Asia & Indian world

Ottoman Empire

  • Invasion of grasshoppers in Egypt.

  • Cyprus becomes Turkish.

Europe

  • agricultural Crisis in Europe (end in 1576). Food shortage.

  • February: neofiti , crypto Jewish of the kingdom of Naples since the end of the 13th century, whose scientist Teofilo Panarelli, are burned with Rome by the Inquisition. Others succeed in fleeing towards Balkans.

  • May 13rd: Beginning of the Pontificate of Gregoire XIII (fine in 1585).
  • July 7th: Sigismond Auguste dies without direct heir involving the end to the dynasty Jagellon in Poland. The royalty becomes again elective. Small noble of the area of Retz, close to Łwow, Jan Zamoyski, which had made its studies with Padoue and Paris, proposes the rule of the viritum , according to which all the noble ones were to take part directly in the king nomination. It was to envisage assemblies of several thousands of members. The system is applied for the diet convened to Warsaw in January 1573.
  • October: To the Portugal, the royal archivist Damião de Góis is condemned to the perpetual reclusion by the Inquisition and probably dies assassinated two years later.

  • Agreements of Graz. The archduke Charles grants to the nobility Styrie a “edict of pacification” (Freedom of worship) together with a declaration in front of the diet proclaiming his attachment with Catholicism.

France

  • April 19th: signature of the treaty of alliance enters France and England
  • August 18th: Marguerite de Valois wife Henri de Navarre. The marriage is denounced by the ultra-catholics who gather behind the clan of the Guise.
  • August 22nd: The assassination attempt of Maurevert against Gaspard de Coligny, financed by Spain, the queen mother (?) or the Own way, causes the anger of the Protestants.
  • Charles IX, under the pressure of the catholic party and of its mother, unwillingly orders the massacre of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in the night from August 23rd to 24th, which degenerates into popular pogrom.
  • August 24th: Massacre of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: More than 3000 Protestant, attracted with Paris by the marriage of Navarre, is massacred with Paris by the guards of the king, the Swiss ones, the companies of the middle-class militia then the rabble. the Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the chief Huguenot, is assassinated by the Guise.
    • the massacre is propagated in province: with Meaux (August 25th), with Orleans (August 27th), with Lyon (August 31st), with Troyes (September 5th)… There would have been 30 thousand victims in province (?).
    • Philippe II of Spain undoubtedly played a part in the massacre of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre to eliminate the party huguenot and Coligny, which passed to set up a Protestant coalition with the German princes and England to support the Netherlands.
  • August 28th: Royal declaration prohibiting the exercise of the worship reformed in all the kingdom.
  • September 5th: Te Deum of thanksgiving of the pope, following the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
  • September 26th: Henri de Navarre must abjure to save its head.
  • November 9th: Surprised occupation of the castle of Sancerre by Racan de Bueil and of entreated catholic.
  • November 10th: The Protestants of Sancerre take again the fortress of their city, after vigorous a seventeen hours attack.

Netherlands

  • Rebellion with the Netherlands against Philippe II of Spain and beginning of the War of independence of the Netherlands (end in 1581). It is at that time that the legend of Till Eulenspiegel (" is; Till mischievous the "), immortalized by the novel of Charles De Coster at the 19th century.
    • Rising of the Holland and the Zealand, supported by William of Orange in Gueldre and by his/her brother Louis de Nassau in Hainaut.
    • April 1st: The Gueux take the port of Brielle in Holland. Supported spontaneously by the militia, they take the control of the coasts of the province of Holland. The states of Holland, at this meeting in Dordrecht, vote subsidies for this army and institute the freedom of religion.
    • May 24th: Louis de Nassau takes Mons while the Orange prince enters the Netherlands in July to the head of 20  000 men.
    • June 25th: The Gueux of the sea take Gorcum. Catholic priests are thrown in prison.
    • July 17th: Battle of Mons, the French huguenots wanting to help the Netherlands are demolished. The city is taken again by the pile cluster. William of Orange is withdrawn in the north of the Country.
    • the Spanish troops put at bag Malines and Zutphen, massacres the population of Naarden and shaves the city. They go then against the Holland.
  • December 11th: Beginning of the seat of Haarlem by the pile cluster. Haarlem capitulates after a heroic seat and the garrison is massacred (July 14th 1573). The pile cluster is held in failure with Alkmaar and in front of Leyde, demolishes on sea by the gueux ones and confronted with mutinies in its own unpaid troops in spite of the considerable sums sent of Castille (7 million guilder in 1572 and 1573).

Russia

  • political Legacy of Ivan IV. The Council on art to control intended for its successors: it recommends firmness and justifies its violences by the need.

  • July: An ukase of the tsar dissolves the Opritchnina. The opritchniks had become unverifiable, plundering without shame the grounds of the boyards without having the authorization of it. Moreover, the year of front, they had not raised the little finger to defend Moscow, attacked by the Tatars of the Crimea.

  • July 30th - August 3rd: the Tatars, again on the way towards Moscow, are beaten and rejected towards the south after the Bataille of Molodi.

Religion

  • September 11th: Bubble of jubilee for the whole of Christendom.
  • Under Gregoire XIII, the Roman college becomes a Séminaire (Gregorian pontifical Université), entrusted to the Jésuites, where teach Tolet and Francisco Suárez (theology), Robert Bellarmin (controversy) and Pierre Canisius (catechesis).
  • Confession of La Rochelle.
  • England: Reprimand to the Parliament , of the preacher of Cambridge Thomas Cartwright (1535 - 1603), where it exposes his doctrines according to which no minister of religion is necessary and that any believer can include/understand the Writing and be inspired of God.
  • Netherlands: Schedule ecclesiastical Emden, which equip the Églises with the Refuge of the presbytéro-synodal institutions.

Arts & cultures

  • Foundation of the College Jesuit of Brno in Moravie.

  • the troops of itinerant Théâtre are authorized to constitute itself in companies with the service of the dignitaries of the kingdom of England.

  • the poet Portuguese Luis of Camões publishes the largest masterpiece of the Portuguese Littérature: Lusiades . The discovery of the the Indies by Vasco de Gama is celebrated there.
  • Ronsard publishes Franciade
  • the Œuvres morals of Plutarque, translated by Amyot.
  • the polyglot Bible (Araméen, Hebrew, Greek and Latin) is printed with Antwerp by Christophe Plantin.
  • Thesaurus linguae graecae (dictionary) of Robert and Henri Estienne.
  • Theater of the main cities of the world of Georg Braun published with Cologne.

Sciences & Technology

  • November 11th: The Astronome Danish Tycho Brahé observes the Supernova SN 1572 in Cassiopée and decides to make Astronomie. He discovers the own movement of the universe independently of the solar system.
  • Algebra , of the engineer and mathematician Raffaele Bombelli (1522-1572): it is the first to use imaginary roots in the study of the equations.
  • Restoration with Rome of three Aqueduct S ancient between 1572 and 1612.
  • Creation of the first university of the Duchy of Lorraine, with Pont-à-Mousson.

Economy & company

  • the Charente-native vine growing crumbles after 1572.
  • the English sailors trade in the Mediterranean.
  • In Tuscan, the future Ferdinand large-duke is interested in the cleansing and the development of the marshes of the Val di Chiana.
  • the duke Emmanuel-Philibert of Savoy tries to negotiate commercial relations with the Turks. Emmanuel-Philibert, which must for that use the assistance of the merchants Juifs, runs up against the opposition of Spain and the pope (1574).
  • Tax pressure with the Netherlands.

  • Cyprus is populated little, 180  000 inhabitants, of which 90  000 serfs and 50  000 free peasants who cultivate cotton, the vine, sugar and sometimes corn, for the account of Venice (Cyprus exported also barrels of ortolan buntings). The Greek peasants, exploited by Venice, helped with the conquest. The Turks proceed to repopulations with Anatolian peasants. The peasants all are subjected to the same statute of subject, the confused old categories. Fall of the Latin clergy: many Cypriot are made Turkish to escape the “Kharadj”. Italian civilization persists, in particular in clothing. Fall of exports of cotton and decline of the vineyard to the profit of a food agriculture.

  • the Poland then twice is populated than France and its territory, which extends from the Oder until - beyond Dniepr and Carpates to the gulf of Rīga, is twice larger than that of current France. It is one of the most tolerant countries of Europe where the Juifs find refuge and a large intellectual hearth, whose Nicolas Copernic is one of most brilliant representatives the.

Births in 1572

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

Death in 1572

Be-X-old: 1572 Map-bms: 1572 Simple: 1572

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