This page relates to the year 1555 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Africa

  • the Manicongo Diego drives out the Portuguese of Congo (Kongo). Those evacuate San Salvador for the port of Saint-Paul-with-Loanda which corresponds better to their needs (1571).

Americas

  • July 10th - August 5th: Jacques de Sores, with the head of a French fleet burns and plunders Havana and Castillo of Real Fuerza that the governor Hernando de Soto had made set up to counter the acts of piracy.
  • November 10th: Brazil: a forwarding French, strong of 600 colonists, and directed by Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon, lord of Torcy and vice-admiral of Brittany, is established, in bay of Rio, to constitute the starting point of a named colony “ France the Antarctic ”.
    • Left of Le Havre the July 12th, two ships charged with 600 sailors and passengers, arrives in bay of Rio de Janeiro (Guanabara) the November 10th, unload in the island of Serigipe where Villegaignon makes raise the Fort Coligny, wanting to call Henriville the village that it intended to create on the dry land. But the supply becomes exhausted quickly and a conspiracy is assembled against Villegaignon. She is discovered in time and the conspirators take refuge among the Indians and assemble them against the French, who leave to seek reinforcement in Europe. Protestants of Geneva then unload in Fort Coligny in February 1557. Catholics and Protestants are not long in being opposed, and the last are installed at the end of October 1557 on the dry land in a place called the Brickyard where other dissenting French had been already established. Discussed, Villegaignon leaves strong Coligny for France (1559).
    • In the neighborhoods of Guanabara, two tribes, Topinambous and Margaïas is entered tear permanently, delivering their respective prisoners at worst the maltreatment.

Asia

  • July 23rd: Humayun, wire of Bâbur, takes again its empire of the north of the India to Salim Shah, wire of Sher Shah Suri, with the assistance of the shah of Perse Chah Tamasp. He dies accidentally of a fall of staircase seven months later (January 24th 1556).

  • August 4th, Japan: Beginning of the 2nd battle of Kawanakajima.

  • Famine with Âgrâ and Delhi in India.
  • Bayinnaung, third king of the Dynasty Taungû, takes again Ava, in the north of the Burma. The reunified Burmese state will develop with the detriment of the kingdom of Thailand.
  • Incursions of Japanese pirates in southernmost China (Nankin). The government of the Ming sends an embassy to the Japan to require Bakufu solemnly the end of piracy.
  • Taken Erevan, in Arménie, by the Othoman .

Europe

France

  • May 25th: Antoine of Bourbon (1518 - 1562) and Jeanne d' Albret become king and queen of Navarre.
  • August, Poland: Under the influence of Jan Łaski, nephew of the cardinal primacy, the Calvinistes and the Frères bohêmes conclude the union from Koźminek, in Cujavie.

  • Plus of one hundred pastors calvinists is sent of Geneva towards the France between 1555 and 1565.

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

    • French Edict punishing of 2000 pounds fine the usurpers of nobility.

Russia

  • Abolition of the benefit of the boyards, in particular of the taxation of the taxes which they take for the tsar. They must achieve a service proportional to the importance of their stronghold ( voïtchina ).
  • Reform of the local government and the tax system.
  • Demolished Chérémétiev with the head of 13000 men vis-a-vis the khan of the Crimea.
  • Ivan IV the Terrible one overcomes the Bachkirs area of Oufa (risings in 1678, 1708, 1716, 1735 - 1737, 1740, 1755).
  • Incidental frontier in Finland. The Russian troops threaten Viborg. They are pushed back (1555 - 1556).
  • the Oudmourtes revolt against the yoke of Ivan the Terrible. The tsar sends André Kourbski to subdue the rebellion which is crushed in blood.

British Isles

  • Abrogation of all the acts against the papal authority taken since 1529.
  • Foundation with Holt of the Gresham' S School

Italy

  • April 9th: Beginning of the pontificate of the pope Marcel II ( Marcello Cervini ), 222e Pope of the Catholic church (death the April 30th, after 21 days of pontificate).
  • April 17th: Monluc must capitulate after eighteen months a heroic resistance. His is delivered to the domination florentine and the Spaniards settle in chair Piombino and of Orbetello.
  • May 23rd: Beginning of the Pontificate of Paul IV ( Gian Pietro Carafa ), 223e Pope of the Catholic church (fine in 1559).
  • May 29th: The cardinal Francesco Pisani is named bishop of Albano, (Italy).

  • Creation of the Council of Italy by Charles Quint.
  • Neapolitan the Paul IV puts his veto at the principle of Augsburg. It reforms the Daterie and the Inquisition. Exit of a former Neapolitan family, traditionally hostile with the Aragoneses, it is combined to king de France to drive out the Habsbourg Naples.
  • the pope Paul IV orders that the Juifs alive in its States are confined in their Ghetto S.

Saint Worsens

  • February 5th: The diet of empire meets in Augsburg.
  • September 25th: Signature of the Peace of Augsburg, the Protestant and the catholic have the same rights in Germany. It shares the empire between catholics and Lutherans ( Cujus regio, ejus religio ). The September 24th, Ferdinand Ier admits that, in a territory whose prince is catholic, the orders clergy and nobility can, if they pass to the reform, do it while seizing the goods of the Church. Until 1600, about fifteen évêché and archbishop's palaces extremely rich “will be secularized” by the Lutherans.
    • the Rhineland and Bavaria remains catholic, North and the Franconie passes definitively to the Reform. The two-thirds of the German population passed to Protestantism.
  • October 22nd: Charles Quint gives to his son Philippe the control of the Ordre of the Golden Fleece then invests it as sovereign prince of the Cercle of Burgundy (Netherlands).
  • October 25th: Charles Quint, emperor Germanic, king of Spain and Sicily, lord of the Netherlands, abdicates solemnly, in the big room of the palate of Coudenberg in Brussels of its sovereignty on its not-Austrian possessions. The duchy of Burgundy-Frank County and the Netherlands are transmitted to his/her son Philippe, the future Philippe II of Spain.

Arts & culture

  • the French astrologer Nostradamus publishes its Centuries , a book of prophecies.
  • Edition of the first Bible in Polish.
  • Castellion translates the Bible into French
  • Publication of the complete Œuvres ( Débat of Madness and Love , Élégies , Sonnets ) of Louise Labé with Lyon at the printer Jean de Tournes.
  • the Anthems , collection of poems of Ronsard (first book).
  • Loves of Francine , poems of Jean Antoine de Baïf.
  • Book of the lyric worms of Pontus de Tyard.
  • Loves of Marie , Ronsard.
  • Didon sacrificing , tragedy of Etienne Jodelle.
  • Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus , of Olaus Magnus, published with Rome.
  • Historia LED descubrimiento there conquista of Provincia del Perú, of mow will guerras there there cosas señalada in ella , of Augustin de Zárate, published with Antwerp.

  • Construction of the Mosque of Soliman to Constantinople.

  • India: Humayun brings back of its exile in Perse an imperial gasoline art as well as the Persan one like official language, which will be spoken at the court until in 1857. At the same time, the Hindî spoken by the people dyes connotation perso-Arabic. It appears in this form in the military camps (in Urdu Turkish ) of the sultanates of the Dekkan under the name Hindustânî or Urdû.

Sciences & technology

  • the French logician Petrus Ramus (Pierre of Rowed the) publishes its three books of Arithmétique.
  • Historia Animalium of Conrad Gessner.
  • History of the nature of Oyseaux of Pierre Bellon.

Economy & company

  • Surge of noble metals of the New World towards the Spain (1555 - 1559).
  • Henri II of France has recourse to the loan (perpetual revenues on the Town hall of Paris, Grand Party of Lyon, to 20% of interest for a damping over 10 years).
  • the Netherlands provide 1,2 billion Maravédis, voted by the General states, with Charles Quint.
  • Foundation of an English commercial company with Moscow ( Moscovy Company ). Equipped with franknesses and privileges, it obtains the monopoly in fact of the Russian foreign trade. Ivan IV authorizes its establishment with Narva (1559).

Births in 1555

Death in 1555

Be-X-old: 1555 Map-bms: 1555 Simple: 1555

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