1551

This page relates to the year 1551 Calendrier Julien.

Events

July: The Turkish Corsaire Dragut invades the island of Gozo and reduces its inhabitants in slavery.
August: Dragut takes Tripoli, in North Africa on behalf of the Othoman .
the Chabbîa, tribe wandering having succeeds in seizing Kairouan, are dislodged by the Turks of Dragut. The Chabbîa state disappears towards the West.

April 21st, Japan: With died of his/her father, a Daimyô of the area of modest Nagoya of origin, Oda Nobunaga (1534 - 1582) takes its succession after having made assassinate his/her younger brother and drive out the other members of its family, except for its son Nobutaka (1558 - 1583) and of another of his/her brothers, Nobukane (1543 - 1614) who have his confidence.

Beginning of the reign of Bayinnaung, third king of the Dynasty Toungoo in Burma (fine in 1581). It restores the unit of the Burma with the assistance of Portuguese adventurers.

May 1st: Second session (9 to 16) of the Council of Thirty (fine the April 28th 1552). The adopted decrees and guns relate to the Eucharistie, penitence, the contrition and attrition, the confession, the discharge, the cases reserved, the extreme unction, the capacities of the bishops as regards ordination, and the obligation to wear the clerical dress.
June 17th: Edict of Chateaubriant prohibiting all municipal or legal functions with the Protestants in France.
July 26th: The diet of Kolozsvár recognizes Ferdinand Ier of the Holy roman Empire like only sovereign of Hungary.

the cardinal Giorgio Martinuzzi makes sign with Jean Sigismond the second treaty of Várad by which it gives up under king realizing of large financial advantages. The queen mother Isabelle, widow of Jean Zapolyai, refuses, but must abdicate the July 19th. Ferdinand de Habsbourg then makes occupy the Transylvania by the troops of the general Castaldo. Martinuzzi becomes voïévode, but marked of plot, is assassinated by the men of the general (December 16th). Jean Sigismond and his mother leave for the Silesia until in 1556.

August 29th: Soliman the Magnificent the takes the Hungarian fortress of Belgrade and Sabac.

Spain: Regency of Philippe, wire of Charles Quint (fine in 1554).
Anne de Montmorency is recalled by Henri II of France which makes it even France. It is intransigent out of religious matter and pushes the king to persecute the Protestants.
Henri II of France intervenes with Parma against Jules III, supports the Sienans revolted against the Médicis of Florence and Corsican raised by Sampiero Corso against the République of Genoa.
In England, Sebastien Cabot founds the Compagnie of the Adventurous Merchants for the discovery of Cathay .
catholic Profession of faith of the cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Poland.

January - February: Muscovite council of the Hundred Chapters. Publication of the Stoglav (code of the secular clergy). The council decides the creation of schools and the startup of the first printing works in Moscow.

Macaire reform the Russian orthodoxe Church which is reinforced and has an increased political role.

Ivan the Terrible obliges the clergy (exempted taxes) to restore the old foundations with the givers and to subject the news to its control.
the Douma of the boyards is more convened only in an intermittent way. It is replaced by a council of restricted cabinet, composed right-hand men.
the Mongolian Khan of Siberia recognizes the suzerainty of the Russia.

February 18th: Inauguration of the Roman College (now Gregorian University) by St Ignace de Loyola.
May 12th: Foundation of the university of Lima to the Peru.
September 21st: Foundation of the autonomous National university of Mexico.

Edict censuring the books protesting in Spain.
general Historia of mow Indias , of Bartolomé de Las Put, which takes the defense of the Indians of America.
the poetess Louise Labé publishes her poems.
the wandering Schoolboy , allegorical joke of Hans Sachs.
De Scandalis , treated Calvin where are designated as atheists Villanovus, Rabelais, Bonaventure Of Périers, Etienne Dolet and Goudea.
Castellion translates the Bible into Latin.
Edition of the first Bible in language Polish E by “érasmiens”.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina becomes pontifical choirmaster in Saint-Pierre of Rome. He occupies then several other stations in Rome, in Saint-Jean-of-Lateran (1555 - 1560), with Holy-Marie-Major (1561 - 1566), like in a college of Jesuits (1565 - 1571). Of 1567 with 1571, it organizes the concerts of the cardinal Hippolyte d' Este with the villa of Tivoli. In 1571, it takes again its station with Saint-Pierre, where it remains until his death.

Historia animalium of Konrad Gesner (five volumes between 1551 and 1558 and the fifth published on a purely posthumous basis, in 1587). It poses the bases of the modern Zoologie.
natural history of the estranges marine fish, with true peincture and description of the daulphin, and several others of its species , Pierre Bellon.

the royalty fixes the tariff of the interior customs in France.
the French imports, during the years 1551 - 1556, in value, abstraction made of the noble metal imports, are composed for cloth and silk 54,3%, for 20,8% of weapons, metallurgy and metals, for alum and sugar, spice 8,1%. France exports products with low added-value (grains, salt, wine, cloths, fabrics). The trade balance is surplus but the exchanges unimportant are compared with the enormous gross product of an agriculture autoconsommatrice of which 80% of the population saw.
England: Organization of the collections of Sunday for the help of poor in the parishes.

September 19th: Alexandre-Edouard , future Henri Ier of Poland then Henri III, king de France, brother of François II and Charles IX.

February 28th: Martin Bucer, reforming German, with Cambridge (born in 1491).
April 6th: Joachim de Watt, known as Vadianus, humanistic and reforming Switzerland, with Saint-Gall.

Be-X-old: 1551 Map-bms: 1551

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