This page relates to the year 1550 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Americas

  • January 6th: Foundation of Valledupar, in Colombia.
  • February 22nd: The Spanish Conquistador Pedro de Valdivia reaches the Bio Bio, in the territory of the Araucan S. Those gather to form an army of 4000 men placed under the command of the toqui Ayavilu, under the influence of wise Colocolo. Valdivia succeeds in overcoming them in the plain of Andalion thanks to its cavalry and its firearms. Ayavilu is killed and the prisoners araucans are released with the cut hands and nose. Valdivia enters in Araucanie where it founds several cities protected by three forts, Arauco, Tucapel and Puren.
  • April 16th: Charles Quint creates with Valladolid the Junta Consultiva for the Western Indies. It orders to stop the conquests of the New World for reasons morals
  • August - September: Controverse of Valladolid which relates to the statute of the Indiens of America (belongs to humanity? Which treatment to grant to them?) and which opposed Bartolomé de Las Put and the theologist Sepulveda in front of the emperor Charles Quint.
    • Sepulveda makes the point that the war with the Indians is not only licit but advisable because it is legitimate taking into consideration four argument: the gravity of the offenses of the Indians (idolatry, sins against nature), the coarseness of their intelligence, the needs for the faith, their subjection facilitating preaching, the evils which they inflict the ones with the others (sacrifices).
    • the controversy turns to the advantage of Mow Put (its arguments are in the interest of the monarch which wishes to deprive the conquerors of the capacity to treat the Indians with their own way, to be able to subject them directly, in the name of the Church). The kings of Spain do not want any more that one calls the discoveries “conquests”. At the head of the the Council of the Indies, they place men who must lead the populations “peacefully and charitablement”.
  • October 5th: Pedro de Valdivia founds the town of Concepción to the Chile.
  • November 25th: The viceroy of News-Spain Luis of Velasco enters to Mexico City.

  • the Jésuites begin the christianization of the South America.
  • Brazil, a first group of African slaves arrives at El Salvador da Bahia.
  • Arrived of the father Jesuit Leonardo Nunes at São Vicente in Brazil. It founds a college there.

Africa

  • the Portuguese fix themselves at Mozambique. They trade with Monomotapa and fight against Arab competition.
  • the Ethiopia NS counteract the first aggressions of the sultan of Harrar Nour-ibn-Al-Ouazir. Harrar is ransacked.
  • the pressure of the Galla on the Ethiopia cannot be contained any more.

Asia

  • the Jésuites begin the christianization of the Eastern Asia.
  • Arrived of Spanish monks at the Kampuchea.
  • the Portuguese governor makes assassinate the sultan of Ternate, causing insurrections against the Portuguese.

  • Mongolian Altan Khan plunders and sets fire to the suburbs of Beijing. It forces the emperor Ming to conclude peace and to reopen the frontier markets. But peace remains unstable, and the markets are quickly closed. Altan takes again its frontier raids until in 1570.

Europe

  • March 7th: Albert V becomes duke of Bavaria (fine in 1579).
  • February 7th: Beginning of the Pontificate of Jules III (fine in 1555).
  • October, Russia: Ukase organizing the service of the tsar. Fields around Moscow are allotted to 1000 wire of boyards which will train the nobility of the capital, to the service of the sovereign.
  • November 7th: Died of the bishop of Hólar Jón Arason in Iceland, carried out with its two sons. Ordinatio ecclesiastica Danish is applied from now on in the diocese of Hólar. All the goods of the Church are confiscated with the profit of the king.

France

  • March 24th: Restitution of Boulogne by the English against 400  000 ecus of gold.
  • April 29th: Henri Ier d' Albret, resulting with the fifteenth degree from Amanieu d' Albret, obtains letters patent of the king bearing Henri II erection of the Vicomté of Albret in Duché.
  • October 1st: Triumphal festival and Naumachie on the the Seine for the Merry entry of the king Henri II with Rouen.

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :
    • Act of Henri II of France opening the kingdom of France to the “new Christians” or “Portuguese”. The Jewish Séfarade S of Spain and the Portugal settle in France since 1550 then in a continuous flow during two centuries. They come preferably to Bayonne and Bordeaux, where they will be of 1500 to 2000 in each of the two ports at the 18th century, with Toulouse (the such family of Antoinette Lopez, mother of Montaigne), to Nantes, with the Havre, Paris (around Elie de Montalto, doctor of Marie de Médicis), in the seigniories of South-west (Peyrehorade, Bidache, the Country house-Clairence, then Tartas, Pau, Agen). As of their arrival, they take again the Judaism, while being officially registered like member of the parishes, even if one does not force them to baptize their children nor to follow the offices. They have their synagogs in residence, and will receive only towards 1660 - 1680 the right to build freely and officially their synagogs.
    • Beginning of the repair of the fortifications of Nice and Villefranche-sur-Mer. Construction of the Fort of the Alban mount (fine in 1570).

Arts & cultures

  • Centuries of Magdeburg , which exposes the duty of revolt of the people vis-a-vis the absolutism.
  • Crónica del Perú of Pedro Cieza the Leon, published with Seville in 1553.
  • the Italian critic art Giorgio Vasari publishes in Florence its life of the painters, sculptors and the architects Italian most important (1550, revised in 1568). It calls Renaissance the artistic revival since 1450.
  • the séfarade Shem Tov Ben Menir becomes printer with Istanbul.
  • Translation of the Danish Bible under the direction of Christian Pedersen (Christian Bibel).
  • the French poet Pierre de Ronsard publishes the Odes .
  • First almanac of Nostradamus.
  • Publication with Tübingen (Germany) of the first Slovenien book in , Cattechismus and Abecedarium , of the reformer Protesting Primoz Trubar.
  • Publication of Abraham sacrificing , tragedy of Theodore de Bèze.

  • the Flemish musician Adrian Willaert composes with Venice of the songs with double chorus.

  • Allegory of the Venus triumph, painting of Bronzino.
  • Suleymaniyye Mosque built by Mi' mar Sinan (fine in 1557).
  • the Italian architect Andrea Palladio builds its first Suspended bridge.

Economy & company

  • Trade of furs in the gulf of the the St. Lawrence.
  • Development of the sugar plantations to the Brazil.
  • 44 tons of money equivalent are sent of America towards the Spain.
  • Fall of the agricultural wages in the Paris region with index 161,1 (cf 1490, 1590).
  • Vienna account 50  000 inhabitants. She knows great financial problems, and its economic activity is declining.
  • Project of cleansing of the marshes of Ansedonia, locality on the Italian commune of Orbetello in (Tuscan). Plague with Milan.
  • Genoa gives up part of its maritime tasks to the Ragusains which ensure with their cargo liners transport of corn and sicilian salt and the voyages the long course, in direction of Spain, the Atlantic or of Raising.
  • the viceroy of Naples control the supply of the city by naming the prefect of Annone (the municipality cannot assume its overdrawn management any more).
  • September: Invasion of grasshoppers with Cyprus.
  • Russia: First census of the grounds (tax). Schedule founding the serfdom which fixes the peasants at the ground.

Births in 1550

Death in 1550

Be-X-old: 1550 Map-bms: 1550 Simple: 1550

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