1541 - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

This page relates to the year 1541 Calendrier Julien.

Events

February 12th: Foundation of Santiago d' Estrémadure (Santiago of Chile) by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. It attempts to emphasize the colony in spite of the incursions of the Promaucas. It receives reinforcements and supply Peru by the port of Valparaiso. Ines Suarez, come to join her husband, Rodrigo, lieutenant de Valdivia, becomes his mistress. It settles with Serena, in the north of Coquimbo, when it learns death from Pizarro. It goes on the Peru to join the troops loyal supporters Gascas (1547).

February: Departure of the Forwarding “of cinnamon”. Started from Quito, Francisco de Orellana descends the course from the the Amazon until the Atlantique (February 1541 - August 1542). Orellana separates from the governor of Quito, Gonzalo Pizarro, which leads a forwarding to the search for grooves. It descends the Marañón on board a brigantin and some dugouts with an about sixty men. The June 24th 1542, it faces people directed by warlike women, whom it names Amazones. Arrived at the delta of the river (August 26th 1542), it gains Hispaniola, then goes in Spain near Charles Quint, which authorizes it to found a colony in the areas discovered.
May 8th: The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto discovers the the Mississippi.
May 23rd: Departure of Saint-Malo of Jacques Cartier for its third voyage to the Canada. It reaches Stadacona later only three months because of the storms. Forwarding discovers gold and diamonds, which will prove to be only schist copper and blades.
June 26th: Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in its palate of Lima on order of the son of Diego de Almagro, Diego el Monzo, which tries to seize the power. With the assistance of Pedro de Candia, it seizes Lima and Cuzco.
July 4th, Rebellion of the Indians of the Zacatecas to the Mexico: Pedro de Alvarado, which was on the point of leaving for a forwarding in China, dies crushed under its horse during repression.

December 25th: A terrible natural phenomenon - one does not know with precision if it were of an earthquake or a tidal wave, or perhaps two compounds - devastates the small island of Cubagua - one of the two islands attached to the island of Margarita, near to the coast to what will become the Venezuela - shaving many houses, destroying the city incipient from Nueva Cádiz in its totality, water involving the debris towards the sea.

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca is named governor of the Paraguay. Cabeza de Vaca, sent by Charles Quint initially tries to get along with Martinez de Irala by making some its second with Asunción. But this last makes it stop under pretext of conspiracy and returns it in Spain. Charles Quint makes known in Irala his disapproval.
Spanish Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explores the territories located at the west of the the Mississippi.

April 24th: Victoire of the Moslems of Ahmed Gragne on the Ethiopian ones in Sahart.
July 9th: The Portuguese (four hundred volunteers, eight guns, hundred mousquets) directed by Don Christophe of Gamma (26 years) unload with Massaoua in Ethiopia to help the emperor Claude, and to prevent that the Islam does not control the way of the Red Sea. The December 12th, accompanied by two hundred Tigréens, they escort the queen Sanded-Ouangel (Ear of the Gospel), widow of Lebna-Dengel, and go with difficulty towards the Choa to make the junction with Claude. They gain the first success by crossing Amba-Sénéïti.

21 - October 25th: Failure of the head office of Algiers by Charles Quint. A task force of 15 000 men and 300 ships succeeds in unloading, but the storm disperses the ships, involves losses in vivres and ammunition. Charles must re-embark without being able to take the city (October).

the Portuguese must evacuate Agadir, then Safi and Azemmour (1542) with the Morocco.
the shortly after the catch of Agadir, the Saadien Mohammed ech-Sheik évince of the capacity his brother Ahmed el-Aredj.

April 5th - May 31st: Diète of Ratisbon joins together by Charles Quint to try to reconcile catholic and Protestant.
April 7th: François Xavier leaves Lisbon for Goa, in India.
May 30th: Auto-da-fe in Sicily (21 burned victims).
August 29th: The Janissaires of Süleyman Ier seize Buda by the trick.

Failure of Ferdinand in front of Buda: with died of Jean Zapolyai the July 22nd, the Austrian armies advance in Hungary. Süleyman Ier must conduct one second campaign (end in 1543), install a Turkish governor and occupy the Cisdanubie permanently (fine in 1688). It releases Buda and transforms the large plain of Buda into a pachalik (ejalet). Hungary is divided between the sultan, Ferdinand and Jean Sigismond.

September 13rd: Calvin (1509 - 1564), recalled by the Council of city, creates with Geneva a rigorous theocratic government. The “consistory” directing the Church acquires the right to excommunicate.
November 7th: Introduction of Protestantism in Iceland.

Ógmundr, bishop of Skáholt (Iceland), disabled person and almost blind, are sent in exile. He dies in open sea. The superintendent Lutheran Gissur Einarson replaces it (death in 1548).

Henri VIII of England becomes king of Ireland.
Charles Quint confers “Constitutions” on Milan.
Of return in Spain after the seat of Algiers, Charles Quint holds the the Cortes of Castille then of Aragon to join together subsidies. It takes the head of a crusade against the Turks.

February 10th: Lawsuit and judgment of the admiral Philippe Chub.
June: Anne de Montmorency, in favor of peace and alliance with Charles Quint, opposed to the clan of the Own way, is isolated capacity (1541 - 1551). The party warmonger, behind the duchess of Stamp and the cardinal of Tournon takes influence at the court.
July 13rd: Forced marriage of Jeanne d' Albret, niece of the king, with the duke Guillaume de Clèves, enemy of Charles Quint.
July: Assassination in Italy of the French ambassadors near the Sultan by imperial agents.

antifiscaux Risings in South-west.
Calvin assistance of his reformed councils French and sends directives to them to consolidate their faith.

Translation of the Psalms by Clement Marot.
the type-setter Loys Bourgeois writes in Geneva between 1541 and 1551 several psalms of the Psautier huguenot .
Construction of the Mosque of Qilâ-i-Kuhna with Delhi.

November 20th: Publication with Geneva of the ecclesiastical Ordinances of Calvin, base of all the institutions of inspiration calvinist.

Ignace de Loyola becomes Préposé general of the Society of Jesus (fine in 1556). It writes the Constitutions, which become the Charter of the Company.
Publication of the Swedish Bible of Olaus $petri.
Publication of Christian Institution , French version of the text of Calvin. The ideas of the Réforme are spread in France.

Mercator carries out two terrestrial and celestial spheres at the request of Charles Quint.

July 20th: Pierre de Larivey
December 12th: Jean Bauhin, Swiss botanist († 1612)
October 1st: Greco ( Domenico Theotokopoulos ), Spanish painter of origin crétoise, in the village of Fodele, close to Héraklion (Crete). († April 7th 1614).

Juan de Valdés, scholar and Spanish moralist, with Naples (born v. 1500), representing erasmism in Spain.
Jean Clouet, painter, miniaturist and draftsman.

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