1534

This page relates to the year 1534 Calendrier Julien.

Events

August 22nd: Aldine Khayr occupies Goulette and Tunis and deposits the sovereign hafside Moulay Hassan (end in 1535).

At the beginning of the 16th century, the sovereigns songhaï are Masters of all the southernmost provinces of the Mali until the Tekrour. The emperor of the Mali makes call in 1534 with the Portuguese governor of the counters of the Gulf of Guinea, but that Ci sends only one diplomatic mission to Niani. The threat songhaï is specified.

April 20th: Jacques Cartier, which was put at the head to find the road of North to reach the India S without passing by the long one and perilous road of the South, starts from Saint-Malo with two small buildings, and the support of the king François I {{er}}, with the research of the passage. Failing this, he will discover the Canada and the Labrador. He recognizes partially the coasts of Newfoundland (May 10th), of the island of the Prince-Edouard and the New Brunswick, then explores the the St. Lawrence (1534 and 1535 - 1536).
June 9th: Jacques Cartier is the first European to officially discover (his writings and of the archaeological discoveries attest the presence of Basque fishermen) the the St. Lawrence on the continent of North America.
July 27th: Jacques Cartier arrives at Gaspé, there plants a cross and takes possession of the territory in the name of the king of France. Donnacona, the chief of the Amerindian village of Stadaconé (Quebec) protests against this gesture. Nevertheless, Jacques Cartier convinces Donnacona to take along to France his two sons Domagaya and Taignoagny.
September 5th: Of return to Saint-Malo, Jacques Cartier brings back his first forwarding to the Canada, two Indians whom it introduces to the king François I {{er}}.

Francisco de Vitoria blames the war carried out against the Incas, by disputing the principle of the donation of the pope.

Süleyman Ier occupies the Azerbaïdjan, Tabriz, Baghdad (December 4th) and Bassora.

February 27th: The theocratic and communist government of the Anabaptiste S of Münster in Germany is proclaimed. It is crushed by an alliance of the catholics and Lutherans.
July 4th: Beginning of the reign of Christian III, king of the Denmark (fine in 1559).

Christian III is made elect king by the nobility of the Jylland (July), then pushes back a coalition formed around Lübeck and ruins the attempt at unloading of Christian II of Denmark (1534 - 1536).

October 13rd: Beginning of the Pontificate of Paul III ( Alessandro Farnese ), former bishop of Vence, which becomes the 220e Pape of the Catholic church. (end in 1549).

the league of Smalkalden takes again the duchy of Wurtemberg to the Habsbourg and installs a Protestant prince there.
Return of Charles Quint in Spain. It holds the the Cortes of Castille and Aragon to join together the required funds with the armament of a fleet and the pay of an army to fight against the Turks and Barberousse, which progresses in Africa (taken Tunis in 1533).

the Parlement reinforces off the statute Praemunire of 1353 of a clause which stipulates that the not-election of the royal candidate on “leave to elect” starts legal proceedings. The publication of any pontifical document is prohibited and the Protestant writings “against the bishop of Rome” are not regarded any more as heretics. The ecclesiastical benefit must be from now on only provided in England, and the Attestation of inheritance draws aside the Marie princess with the profit of the children of the second marriage.

June 11th: Revolt Kildare. Gerald the Young person, Irish Norman prince independent, is imprisoned by Henri VIII, who beats his son Silken Thomas, eliminating the capacity from the Fitzgerald de Kildare.
July 11th: The king of England, Henry VIII is excommunicated.
November: The Parliament adopts the act of Supremacy: Henri VIII personally takes the head of the Church of England. Continuations are envisaged against those which start actions to deprive the king of a title or a dignity: Thomas More and Fisher, bishop of Rochester, who refuse to recognize the king as supreme leader of the Church of England, are condemned to died and are carried out (1535).

January: François I {{er}} sign a secret treaty with the Landgrave (protesting) of Hesse.
May: Mission of Guillaume of Bellay in Germany.
October 18th: The Affaire of the Wall cupboards bursts. In the night from October 17th to 18th, wall cupboards written by French Pasteur Antoine Marcourt, is posed by the Protestants with Paris and Amboise, entitled “ Abus the papal mass ” (they challenge the Eucharistie). Affixed until on the door of the room of the king, they start a brutal repression against the followers of the Réforme (1534 - 1535).

August 15th: Ignace de Loyola, surrounded of the Spaniards Jacques Tease, Nicola Bobadilla, Alfonso Salmeron and François de Jassu (Saint François-Xavier) pronounces with Montmartre (France) the three wishes specific to the Jesuits: poverty, chastity and preaching with the Infidels. Ignace de Loyola organizes his company with the imitation of the military organization and bases it on absolute obedience with the line authority.
Of the priests living in community under the name of Oratoire meets in Rome around Philippe Néri. Their spirituality rests on the meditation and the Speech like on the music and the songs. They give each other institutions in 1564 and the pope recognizes the new institute in 1575.

the French writer François Rabelais publishes Gargantua .
Verdadera relación of Conquista del Perú there provincia del Cuzco, llamada Nueva-Castilla , of Francisco de Jerez, published with Seville.
Luther completes to translate the Bible into vulgar language, creating the German common.
In England, Thomas Cromwell authorizes the publication of the translation of the Bible made by Coverdale.

Date not specified: Setthathirat, king of the Lan Xang (current Laos) († 1571).

March 5th: Antonio Allegri known as Corrège, Italian painter, in Correggio.
March 20th: Philippe de Suze, lord of Versine of the Hedges.
August 9th: Thomas de Vio, known as Cajetan, Dominican theologist , in Rome (born in 1469).
August 21st: Philippe Villiers of Isle-Adam, the Main Large last of the Knights of Rhodos, with Malta
November 25th: Otto Brunfels, German botanist (° about 1488).

Raimondi, Italian engraver.
Jean Andre Lascaris, humanistic Byzantine taken refuge in Italy after the catch of Constantinople, with Rome (born in 1445). Its guard Laurent Ier de Médicis sent it twice in Greece from where it brought back many manuscripts.
Gershom Soncino, Italian editor, with Salonique, creator of printing works to Istanbul and Salonique.
Assassination of the Venetian Minister for the king of Hungary Jean Zapolyai, Lodovico Gritti.

Be-X-old: 1534 Map-bms: 1534

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