1525

This page relates to the year 1525 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

March 18th: A capitulation of the emperor Charles Quint, concedes the island of Margarita, near of the coast to what will become the Venezuela, to Marcelo de Villalobos.
July 29th: Foundation of Santa Marta in Colombia by Rodrigo de Bastidas which dies two years later under the dagger of a lieutenant félon.
August 24th: Francisco Garcia Jofre de Loaisa share of Corogne to recognize the Cape Horn.

November 14th: Francisco Pizarro, his/her Hernando brothers, Juan and Gonzalo and Diego de Almagro leaves Panama with 114 men, and two ships and reaches in spite of heavy losses the current site of Guayaquil where they are informed on nature of the State INCA, to the Peru (1524 - 1527).

Africa

the wire of the Saadien Mohammed ibn Abd er-Rhamane, Ahmed el-Aredj and Mohammed ech-Sheik, seize Marrakech, while being recognized vassal of the sovereign wattaside of Fès.
Aldine Khayr takes again Algiers and drives out the Spaniards definitively of them. The sultan Süleyman names it capitan pasha (admiral as a chief).

Agitation of the wandering Moslem tribes Somali and Danakil. The Aboun-Ben-Adash governor restores the order by exterminating the robbers, repressing the play, the drinking bouts, the dances rythmées by the drums. By its rigor, it obstructs the Sultan of Harrar Abou-Bakr which makes it kill with Zeïla in 1525. Abou-Bakr leaves the country in prey with the disorder and the banditism, which supports the preaching of the imâm Ahmed Al Ghazi, called Gragne (the Left-handed person) by the Ethiopian ones. Its marriage with a girl of Mahfouz opens the doors of the capacity to him. Barn kills the Sultan and puts on the throne his/her own brother, which ensures an absolute authority to him on the Adal.

Asia

November 17th: Bâbur, with the call of the Afghan governor of the Panjab Daulat Khan, in conflict with Ibrahim Shah, sultan of Delhi, leaves Kabul with 12 000 men in direction of the India. It occupies Lahore.

the Second forwarding towards the Moluques ordered by Loaysa. It reaches Moluques in 1526 and manages to install for two years a base with Tidore.

Europe

February 10th: The king Jean III of Portugal wife Catalina, sister of Charles Quint. She will sit at the Council of State and will use there of all her influence, in particular to support the introduction of the Inquisition.
February 24th: The Milanais returns to the Habsbourg after the Bataille of Pavia.
May 15th: Battle of Frankenhausen. Philippe Ier de Hesse represses the movement of the peasants led by Thomas Muntzer.
May 17th: The duke of Lorraine crushes the Alsatian peasants with Saverne. The repression of the Revolt of the Bumpkins or “War of the Peasants” makes a hundred and thousand victims.
May: Edict censuring the books protesting in Spain.

exceptionally hot Year in Germany of the South.
Dryness in Andalusia.

Austria: communities Lutherans with Saint-Pölten, Linz, Wels, Gmunden, Klagenfurt.
the magistrates of Zurich prohibit the celebration of the mass and impose a regulation of the Cène.
Charles Quint appendix the Plank.
In England, the arbitrary lifting of loans causes a rural rising in the Kent, the East Anglie and the Lincolnshire.
temporary Alliance enters the Denmark and the Sweden.
Popular movement against the taxation in Dalécarlie.
the German monk Antonius preaches the Réforme with Bergen.
Plague with Rome and Naples.
Mattéo da Bassi proposes to restore the rule Franciscain E in its original purity. Those which follow it take the name of capuchins.
Edict of Tolède condemning the Alumbrados like Lutherans.
Prohibition of the practice of the Islam in Spain.
Russia: Shown to preach the reform of the Church wrongly and to exceed its functions, Maxime the Greek is distant from Moscow and assigned with residence until in 1551.

France

February 24th: the king of France, François Ier, made captive with the battle of Pavia by the emperor Charles Quint (V), is embarked for the Spain in Villefranche close to Nice. The king will be imprisoned there with the Alcazar Madrid.

the head office of Pavia will see the death of many frameworks of the French Army, of which Jacques of Palice and also the Duc of Alençon.

August:

believed of the Isere.
Louise of Savoy, regent of France (mother of François Ier), negotiates the treaty of Moore with Henri VIII of England.

Alliance of France with the Turkish S.
the Peste becomes less frequent after 1525, which is perhaps explained by measurements of Forty S taken by the urban world.

Poland

Signature of the treaty of Cracow the April 5th: Sigismond Ier of Poland imposes its suzerainty on the Prussia-Eastern . Albert de Brandebourg, the Large-Master of the Ordre Teutonique converts with the Réforme Luther, secularizes with its profit the goods of the order (Ordenstaat) and is made recognize duke of Prussia by the king of Poland.
Andreas Osiander, disciple of Luther establishes with Königsberg, introduced the Réforme into the duchy of Prussia.
Revolt of the peasants around Dantzig and Königsberg. It is brutally choked by the nobility.
In Poland, the strongholds fallen in déshérence are not provided and pass under the direct authority of king (Warsaw).

Central Europe & Balkans

the Hungarian diet enacts measurements against the heretics.
palatine Werbözi represses in blood a revolt of minors of the copper of Slovakia to Banka Bystrica.
the Fugger take the control of copper the mines of Banka Bystrica in Hungary (1525 - 1546).
Influence of the reform in Slovakia attested at the time of the Revolt of the minors.

Preaching of David Rubeni in the Jewish community of Salonique. He announces the arrival of the Messie and involves crowd with penitence préparatrice of this event.

Art & culture

William Tyndale translates the Gospels into English.
Treated Instructions on the manner of measuring Albrecht To last.
It Cortegiano , work of Balthazar Castiglione.
Publication of Proses on the vulgar language of Pietro Bembo.
the bishop of Linköping Hans Brask publishes a book of Swedish hours ( Den svenska Tideboken ) which contains still new texts crowned in Swedish and an original version of the Psaumes.

Andrea del Sarto produces the glasses of the Madone to the bag for the cloister of Santissima Annunziata.
Christ dead of Rosso Fiorentino (1525 - 1526).

Science & technology

First chart of France printed by Oronce Fine.

Economy & company

Production of Iron in Western Europe in 1525:

Germany: 30 000 tons.
France: 10 000 tons.
Styrie : 9 000 tons.
Liege: 8 000 tons.
Basque Country: 5 000 tons.

Births in 1525

September 26th: Jacques II of Goyon of Matignon, Marshal of France, Governor of Guyenne, mayor of Bordeaux. († July 27th 1598)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian type-setter.

Death in 1525

February 24th:

Jacques II of Chabannes, marquis of Pallice, Marshal of France, with the Battle of Pavia. (° in 1470)
Guillaume Gouffier de Bonnivet, favorite of François I {{er}}, Admiral de France, with the Battle of Pavia. (° v. 1488)
Louis II of Trémoille, first Chamberlain of the king, one of the large captains of his time, with the Battle of Pavia.

February 28th: Cuauhtémoc, last Aztec emperor, hung by the Cortes.
April: The duke Charles IV of Alençon, count of the Pole, husband of Marguerite of Angouleme, without successor. Its fields will pass in 1527 to the house of Albret.
May 18th: Pietro Pomponazzi, philosopher neo-aristotelician of the school of Padoue (born in 1462).
May 27th: Thomas Müntzer, reformer (born in 1489), founder of the movement of the Anabaptiste S. His disciples thrive with Zurich and Basle and penetrate the country mediums.

August 4th: Andrea della Robbia, Florentin sculptor (born in 1435).
December 30th: Jakob II Fugger, known as the Rich person (born the March 6th 1459). It invests in the mines of money and of copper, authorized of generous loans to Maximilien Ier of Germany, that the emperor guarantees by grounds of the Crown, and helped financially with the election of Charles Quint with the imperial throne, n the other hand of beams on the goods of the orders of knighthood and on money and mercury mines.

Diogo de Boitac, Languedocien architect (born in 1490), with the Portugal.
Ibn Aïssa, known as Sid el Kamel (“the perfect one”), founder with Meknès of the mystical brotherhood of the Aïssaoua (`Isâwiyya) which essaime in all the Morocco and plays a political role. She recruits her followers in the craftsmen.

Be-X-old: 1525 Map-bms: 1525 Simple: 1525

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