1522

This page relates to the year 1522 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

  • Rebuilding of Mexico City.

  • Forwarding of Gonzales Dávila with the Honduras (fine in 1524).
  • Pedro de Alvarado subdues the insurrection of the Mixtèques raised against the Spaniards (1520 - 1523).
    • Mixtèques are excellent goldsmiths. Alvarado, by making control on their jewels, the fact of melting to transform them into ingots.
  • Pascal de Andagoya carries out a first recognition with the Peru.

Africa

  • Constantine is conquered by the Turks.
  • Aldine Khayr takes Bône (Annaba).

Europe

  • January 9th: The Dutch Adriaan Floriszoon, tutor and representative of Charles Quint in Spain, becomes pope under the name of Adrien VI. It will be the last pope not-Italian before Jean-Paul II. (end of pontificate in 1523).
  • February 3rd: Battle of Tolède against the comuneros in Spain.
  • April 27th: Defeat of the Marshal of France Lautrec with the Shack. The Swiss mercenaries are beaten by the captain Prospero Colonna.
  • May: The England enters in war against the France.
  • June 19th: Charles Quint sign with the king of England Henri VIII the Treated of Windsor envisaging an invasion of the France.
  • July 28th: Beginning of the seat of Rhodos by Soliman the Magnificent the. The knights of Jean Saint of Jerusalem will be constrained to capitulate and leave the island on January 1st 1523. After seven years of peregrinations, they will be established in 1530 with Malta, which will be offered to them by Charles Quint.
  • July: Return of Charles Quint in Spain.
  • October: France loses the Milanais. The French fold up themselves. The Imperial ones invade the Provence but cannot there be established, the French having practiced the scorched earth policy. They are folded up at the entry of the winter.
  • September 6th: Return in Spain of the last boat, the Victoria , ordered by Sebastian Elcano, of the forwarding of Ferdinand Magellan. It shows the rotundity of the Ground. Forwarding lasted: 1080 days, traversed: 86000 km. 247 men out of 275 found death. The brought back spices cover the committed expenses and generate a benefit of 400%.

Holy roman Empire

  • Beginning of a German social revolt (end in 1526).

Scandinavia

  • Gustav Vasa obtains Hanse the supply of ships and mercenary sending. It contracts heavy debts towards Lübeck.

  • Investigation of a pontifical legate into the execution of two Swedish bishops at the time of the Blood bath of Stockholm. The king Christian II of Denmark sacrifices his favorite Dietrich Slagheck, archbishop of Lund, which is carried out ( January). The seat archiépiscopal of Lund, asserted by three applicants (Sparre, indicated by the chapter, Skodsborg, proposed by the king, Cesi, imposed by the pope), remains vacant.

  • the humanistic catholic Poul Helgesen sermon at Midsummer's Day on the topic of the Decapitation of saint Jean-Baptiste , referring to the private life of the king Christian II of Denmark (in particular with its Dyveke mistress whose Sigbritt mother has an influence growing at the court), which is irritated by it. Helgesen fears for its life and leaves Copenhagen, joining the opponents with the king.

  • Died of the last catholic bishop of Finland. Its successors will be convinced Lutherans.

  • November 28th: Died in Rome of the archbishop of Nidarós, Erik Valkendorf, of German origin, defender of freedoms of the Norwegian Church vis-a-vis it royal capacity. A catholic Norwegian reformist, Olaf Engelbriktsson, succeed to him. He will be the leader of the partisans of independence with respect to the Denmark.

Religion

  • the diet of Nuremberg request the convocation of a national council to examine the German problem.
  • Martin Luther organizes his Church with Wittenberg. He fights against the catholic party and the radical reformers, who as Thomas Münzer draw from the Bible revolutionary doctrines ( Against the prophets celestial ).
  • the Basque soldier Ignace de Loyola, seriously wounded with Pampelune in 1521, reads works of spirituality in the suffering and chooses to give up the world and to serve God, then carries out a life of wandering and study. He goes to the monastery Montserrat, in Catalogne (March 25th). After one year of asceticism to Manresa where it works out a method of retraire ( spiritual Exercises ), it achieves a perilous pilgrimage with Jerusalem, but the Franciscain S refuse the authorization to convert to him the Infidels. Of return in Spain, he studies with the university of Alcalà. The Inquisition, which suspects it of being a alumbrado, locks up it. Released, it is again worried in Salamanque and gains Paris where it continues its studies with the colleges Montaigu, then Holy-Bores (1528 - 1534).
  • the scientist and humanistic French Jacques Lefèvre d' Étaples translates the Évangiles into French.
  • the German theologist Martin Luther translates the Bible into German.

Art & culture

  • Establishment of a Censure in Germany on the printed works.
  • Conferences , of Erasme.
  • Jean Clouet becomes the painter of court of François Ier de France.
  • the Labyrinth of Fortune , Jean Bouchet.

Economy & company

  • Revenues on the Town hall: capital lent to king de France by private individuals whose interests are guaranteed on the Parisian taxes which strike the meat, fish, the wine, etc

Births in 1522

Death in 1522

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