1495

This page relates to the year 1495 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

has Haiti, the Spaniards organizes a great hunting for the slave and gathers 1500 Arawak S (men, women and children), which they park in enclosures under the monitoring of men and dogs. Five hundreds of them are embarked towards the Spain. Two hundreds die during the crossing, and the survivors are put on sale as of their arrival. Colomb sells them each Indian for 5000 maravedis.
Fall: The Kings Catholiques, informed by Buyl and Marguerit of the disagreements shaking the colony, send to Hispaniola a royal commission of enquiry led by Sévillan Juan de Aguado.

Africa

Omar (Amar Komzago) becomes regent of the Empire Songhaï.

Askia Mohammed, considering that her empire is pacified, entrusts regency to his/her Omar brother and carries out a pilgrimage with of it Mecque.

Asia

Japan: Beginning of anarchy: the local wars are exasperated; neither the emperor nor the Shogun have real capacity more. The war becomes a source of revenue for the peasants who are sold as mercenaries during the summer.
China: Fall from Wei Quan (death in 1495), eunuque administrator maritime trade with Canton of 1476 with 1488. It contains many foreign currencies, of which one of Venice, struck between 1457 and 1462.

Europe

Central Europe & Balkans

April 15th: Radu IV Large the becomes voïévode of Valachie (fine in 1508).

Vlad, wire of Vlad Dracula, benefits from dead from the voïévode Vlad the Monk to invade Valachie, but is pushed back by the troops of the son of Vlad the Monk, Radu the Large one.

Seats of Buda by the imperial ones and the Turks (1495 and 1496). Destruction of the palate primatial of Esztergom.

Saint Worsens

July 21st: The Wurtemberg is set up in duchy.
August 7th: The Diète of Empire unifies the legislation according to the Roman law and issues “eternal public peace”.

Reorganization of the diet in three benches (voters, princes and cities).
the diet votes the ordinance on the perpetual peace ( ewiger Landfrieden ) which condemns the wars deprived within the empire. It creates the court of the room of Empire (Reichskammergericht) which will sit at Worms until in 1689, and which escapes control completely from the emperor. In compensation, the diet admits the principle of the general tax, the common sum of money ( gemeines Pfennig ).

Engagement of the children of Maximilien, Philippe and Marguerite, with the infants of Spain, Juan and Juanita.
Philippe the Beautiful (1478 - 1506) reign on the Netherlands. He is opposed to his father Maximilien Ier, who wished to preserve the regency of the Netherlands.

Iberian peninsula

January: Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros becomes archbishop of Tolède.
October 25th: Beginning of the reign of Manual I {{er}} Large the (1469 - 1521), king of Portugal.

Under the reign of Handbook Ier, Portugal knows prosperity. The king has the direction of justice, of the size of the State. He surrounds himself by qualified collaborators, artists and men of letters of talent. The nobility, assagie, allow him to control in an authoritative way (the the Cortes will be joined together only four times during its reign).
Manual Ier for marrying Isabelle, widow of infant Alfonso, girl of the Kings Catholiques. But its last pose like condition with the marriage the expulsion of the Jews of Portugal. Handbook, conscious of the importance of the knowledge and the richnesses of the Jewish communities and Moslem women, tries to encourage them to receive the baptism. In front of the reserves of much, the king makes remove the children Juifs and Moslem to give them a Christian instruction, then inaugurates a policy of forced conversions. Expulsions are thus reduced as much as possible.

December 25th, Tenerife: Final Victoire of the Spaniard of Alonso Fernández de Lugo against the Guanches with Victoria de Acentejo.

Creation of the Council of the military Orders in Spain.

France

January 16th: Guillaume Briçonnet is named cardinal.
February: Very soft winter in the South of the France.

Massacre of the Jewish with Manosque, orchestrated by the preaching friars in their preaching of the Passion. The consuls of the city close the eyes in front of the popular descents in the juivery.

Italy

January: Ferdinand II, known as Ferrandino, (1467-1496), becomes king of Naples.
January 28th: The French Army leaves Rome.
February 22nd: Entry of the French with Naples without difficulties with the assistance of Ludovic Sforza and of the Florence of Savonarole.
March 31st: Constitution of the League of Venice, league anti-Frenchwoman which gather Venice, Milan, Maximilien of Austria, Ferdinand II of Aragon and the pope. It tries to block the French troops in the kingdom of Naples.
April 6th - May 20th: Blockade of Silk by the forces of Ludovic More, duke of Milan.
May 12th: Charles VIII of France makes a solemn entry in its town of Naples. This ride, strictly royal, is interpreted by the contemporaries like an imperial claim. The king protects the Juifs, worries about the poor and systematizes the municipal structures.
At the end of May, the royal army must beat a retreat, by leaving some garrisons.
May 26th: The Spanish army of Gonzalve de Cordoue restores Ferdinand II of Naples.
June 28th: French Victoire with the battle of Seminara.
July 6th: Battle of Fornoue, victory of France over the Holy League. In “furious” a load, 9 000 royal inserts 30 000 adversaries and leave thousands of deaths. Charles must nevertheless repatriate his troops and returns to France to the autumn. Naples is taken again by the army of Gonzalve de Cordoue (1496).
July 20th - September 22nd: the “horrible seat” of Novare, 6 000 died among besieged.
October 9th: peace of Verceil. Louis of Orleans evacuates Novare.

Venice settles with Bari but cannot there be maintained.
Ludovico Sforza it Moro is driven out of Milan.
Dominican the Savonarole is essential on Florence as political leader, founding a theocratic and democratic mode, altering the constitution, justice, finances and reforming manners (abandonment of the profane festivals, bûchers of vanity). Florentins end up dividing between its partisans ( piagnoni , whining), and its opponents ( arrabbiati , mad).

Art & culture

Charles VIII, of return of Italy, brings back to France a team of craftsmen and artists to Amboise.
Erasme goes to Paris to study. It ties bonds with Robert Gaguin and Lefèvre d' Etaples.

Venice prints a quarter of the books in Europe.
Of the editions of the traditional Greek S become available in Europe.
works of Aristote appear in Greek with Venice.
First Swedish printed book.
Rumanian Beginning of the writing of the language E discovered in Schei, district of Kronstadt, where saw a Rumanian commercial community delivering itself to the trade with the principalities of Valachie and Moldavie.

Léonard de Vinci starts to work on Cène , fresco mural for the refectory of the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, with Milan (fine in 1497).
the Madonna of the Victoire painting of Andrea Mantegna.
Put at the tomb , painting of the Pérugin.

Science & technology

Edition of the Physical of Aristote.
Léonard de Vinci recognizes impossibility of carrying out the perpetual motion.

Economy & company

With Naples, of many soldiers contracts the Syphilis from America by Spain, which contributes to moraliser mentalities about 1490-1500.
the agricultural wages culminate in the Paris region with index 557,1 (cf 1550).
Ivan III of Moscow expels of Novgorod the Hanseatic merchants of 49 cities and confiscates their stores.
In England, reference of the beggars in their counties of origin (1495 - 1504).
Jacob Fugger leases the mines of copper and money of Schwatz, with the the Tyrol.
Thurzo, middle-class man of Cracow nouveau riches thanks to the trade of the copper of Slovakia, combined with the Fugger, become the principal world copper producer. From 1495 with 1604, they produce 125 000 tons.

Births in 1495

April 27th: Soliman the Magnificent the, Sovereign Othoman (death in 1566)

Death in 1495

nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

Charles-Orland, wire of the king de France Charles VIII, in December.
Vrancke van der Stockt, Flemish painter. (° 1420).

Be-X-old: 1495 Map-bms: 1495 Simple: 1495

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